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|+List of Padarthas Defined By Nyaya and Vaiseshika Darshanas

|+List of Padarthas Defined By Nyaya and Vaiseshika Darshanas

!Nyaya

!Nyaya Darshana

!Vaiseshika

!Vaiseshika Darshana

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== पदार्थज्ञानाप्रयोजनम् ॥ Padartha Jnana Prayojana ==

== पदार्थज्ञानाप्रयोजनम् ॥ Padartha Jnana Prayojana ==

The Nyaya shastra explicitly dealing with the process of Reasoning, Means of right cognition and other Padarthas (categories) is the lamp for all tattva shastras; the Means (of Knowledge) of all things is the very basis of all activities of the universe and hence expounded at the very outset of investigative procedures. The very first Nyaya sutra expounds that the attainment of [[Nihshreyasa (निःश्रेयसम्)|Nihshreyasa]] is the goal of the knowledge of Padarthas. Now does Nihshreyasa or the Highest Good appear immediately after gaining "true knowledge" or padartha jnana? to which the following sutra answers, that after gaining padartha jnana<blockquote>दुःखजन्मप्रवृत्तिदोषमिथ्याज्ञानानां उत्तरोत्तरापाये तदनन्तरा पायातपवर्गः।।२।। {पदार्थोद्देशसूत्रम्} (Nyaya. Sutr. 1.1.2)<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>There is cessation of each of the following series, the cessation of that which follows bringing about the annihilation of that which precedes it and ultimately leads to Nihshreyasa or the Ultimate Good of the being (PDF Page number 31 of Reference <ref name=":6" />)

The Nyaya shastra explicitly dealing with the process of Reasoning, Means of right cognition and other Padarthas (categories) is the lamp for all tattva shastras; the Means (of Knowledge) of all things is the very basis of all activities of the universe and hence expounded at the very outset of investigative procedures. The very first Nyaya sutra expounds that the attainment of [[Nihshreyasa (निःश्रेयसम्)|Nihshreyasa]] is the goal of the knowledge of Padarthas. Now does Nihshreyasa or the Highest Good appear immediately after gaining "true knowledge" or padartha jnana? to which the following sutra answers, that after gaining padartha jnana<blockquote>दुःखजन्मप्रवृत्तिदोषमिथ्याज्ञानानां उत्तरोत्तरापाये तदनन्तरा पायातपवर्गः।।२।। {पदार्थोद्देशसूत्रम्} (Nyaya. Sutr. 1.1.2)<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>There is cessation of each of the following series, the cessation of that which follows bringing about the annihilation of that which precedes it and ultimately leads to Nihshreyasa or the Ultimate Good of any being (PDF Page number 31 of Reference <ref name=":6" />)

* मिथ्याज्ञानम् ॥ Wrong Notion

* मिथ्याज्ञानम् ॥ Wrong Notion

Of the मिथ्याज्ञानानि (Wrong Notions) that cease after the attainment of true knowledge, there are various kinds as follows

Of the मिथ्याज्ञानानि (Wrong Notions), that cease after the attainment of true knowledge, there are various kinds as follows

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|+Different forms of मिथ्याज्ञानाम् ॥ Wrong Notion

|+Different forms of मिथ्याज्ञानाम् ॥ Wrong Notion

|Even though it has a cause, Punarjanma cannot be due to Karma

|Even though it has a cause, Punarjanma cannot be due to Karma

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| rowspan="3" |Nihshreyasa

| rowspan="3" |Nihshreyasa (Ultimate Good) Moksha

|It is something terrible, involving cessation of all activity

|It is something terrible, involving cessation of all activity

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|-

|Involves dissociation from all things, including that is desirable

|Involves dissociation from all things, including that which is desirable

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|A longing for such Ultimate Good in which there is neither pleasure nor pain, nor any consciousness is undesirable

|A longing for such Ultimate Good in which there is neither pleasure nor pain, nor any consciousness is undesirable

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The process of Reasoning proceeds by three processes, Enunciation, Definition and Examination.

 

The process of Reasoning proceeds by three steps, Enunciation, Definition and Examination.

== Vaiseshika Padarthas ==

== Vaiseshika Padarthas ==