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→परिचयः॥ Introduction
!Nyaya
!Nyaya
|Pramana (प्रमाणम्) Prameya (प्रमेयम् ) Samsaya (संशयः ) Prayojana (प्रयोजनम्) Drsthanta (दृष्टान्तम्) Siddhanta (सिद्धान्तम्) Avayava (अवयवः)
|Pramana (प्रमाणम्) Prameya (प्रमेयम् ) Samsaya (संशयः ) Prayojana (प्रयोजनम्) Drsthanta (दृष्टान्तम्) Siddhanta (सिद्धान्तम्) Avayava (अवयवः)
Tarka (तर्कः Nirnaya (निर्णयः) Vada (वादः) Jalpa (जल्पः) Vitanda (वितण्डा) Hetvabhasa (हेत्वाभासः ) Chala (च्छलः ) Jati (जतिः) Nigraha (निग्रहः )
Tarka (तर्कः Nirnaya (निर्णयः) Vada (वादः) Jalpa (जल्पः) Vitanda (वितण्डा) Hetvabhasa (हेत्वाभासः ) Chala (छलः) Jati (जातिः) Nigrahasthana (निग्रहस्थानम्)
|-
|-
!Vaiseshika
!Vaiseshika
|Dravya (द्रव्यः) Guna (गुणः) Karma (कर्म) Samanya (सामान्यः) Visesha (विशेषः) Samavayi (समवायी)
|Dravya (द्रव्यः) Guna (गुणः) Karma (कर्म) Samanya (सामान्यः) Visesha (विशेषः) Samavaya (समवायः)
|}
|}
== षोडशपदार्थाः ॥ Sixteen Categories ==
== षोडशपदार्थाः ॥ Sixteen Categories ==
Nyaya expounds the shodasha padarthas or sixteen entities the knowledge of the real essence (or true character) of which leads one to the ultimate goal. <blockquote>प्रमाणप्रमेयसंशयप्रयोजनदृष्टान्तसिद्धान्तावयवतर्कनिर्णयवादजल्पवितण्डाहेत्वाभासच्छलजातिनिग्रहस्थानानाम्तत्त्वज्ञानात्निःश्रेयसाधिगमः ॥१॥ {पदार्थोद्देशसूत्रम्} (Nyaya. Sutr. 1.1.1)<ref name=":4">Nyaya Sutras ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 1 Ahnika 1])</ref></blockquote>They are as follows.(Pages 22-30 of Reference <ref name=":6">Mm. Ganganatha Jha. (1939) Gautama's Nyayasutras With Vatsyayana Bhashya. Poona : Oriental Book Agency. ([https://archive.org/details/GautamasNyayasutras/page/n20 Page no 20])</ref> and 294-296 of Reference <ref name=":12">Dasgupta, Surendranath. (7th Reprint : 2012) A History of Indian Philosophy. Volume 1. New Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref>)
Nyaya expounds the shodasha padarthas or sixteen entities the knowledge of the real essence (or true character) of which leads one to the ultimate goal. <blockquote>प्रमाणप्रमेयसंशयप्रयोजनदृष्टान्तसिद्धान्तावयवतर्कनिर्णयवादजल्पवितण्डाहेत्वाभासच्छलजातिनिग्रहस्थानानां तत्वज्ञानान् निःश्रेयसाधिगमः ॥१॥ {पदार्थोद्देशसूत्रम्} (Nyaya. Sutr. 1.1.1)<ref name=":4">Nyaya Sutras ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 1 Ahnika 1])</ref></blockquote>They are as follows.(Pages 22-30 of Reference <ref name=":6">Mm. Ganganatha Jha. (1939) Gautama's Nyayasutras With Vatsyayana Bhashya. Poona : Oriental Book Agency. ([https://archive.org/details/GautamasNyayasutras/page/n20 Page no 20])</ref> and 294-296 of Reference <ref name=":12">Dasgupta, Surendranath. (7th Reprint : 2012) A History of Indian Philosophy. Volume 1. New Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref>)
; 1. '''प्रमाणम् ॥ Pramana (Perception)''' : It is the instrument of right cognition. Four pramanas accepted by Nyaya are Pratyaksha, Anumana, Upamana and Shabda given by sutra
; 1. '''प्रमाणम् ॥ Pramana (Perception)''' : It is the instrument of right cognition. Four pramanas accepted by Nyaya are Pratyaksha, Anumana, Upamana and Shabda given by sutra