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Manusmrti talks about the lineage of ancestors leading upto the origin of human clan.  

Manusmrti talks about the lineage of ancestors leading upto the origin of human clan.  

According to Manusmrti, the (various) classes of the forefathers are declared to be the sons of all those sages, Marici and the rest, who are children of Manu, the son of Hiranyagarbha.(3.194). So, from the sages sprang the forefathers, from the forefathers the gods and the Danavas, but from the gods the whole world, both the movable and the immovable in due order. (3.201) <blockquote>मनोर्हैरण्यगर्भस्य ये मरीच्यादयः सुताः । तेषां ऋषीणां सर्वेषां पुत्राः पितृगणाः स्मृताः || ३.१९४ ||</blockquote><blockquote>ऋषिभ्यः पितरो जाताः पितृभ्यो देवमानवाः । देवेभ्यस्तु जगत्सर्वं चरं स्थाण्वनुपूर्वशः || ३.२०१ ||</blockquote><blockquote>manorhairaṇyagarbhasya ye marīcyādayaḥ sutāḥ । teṣāṁ r̥ṣīṇāṁ sarveṣāṁ putrāḥ pitr̥gaṇāḥ smr̥tāḥ || 3.194 ||</blockquote><blockquote>r̥ṣibhyaḥ pitaro jātāḥ pitr̥bhyo devamānavāḥ । devebhyastu jagatsarvaṁ caraṁ sthāṇvanupūrvaśaḥ || 3.201 ||</blockquote>It says, <blockquote>विराट्सुताः सोमसदः साध्यानां पितरः स्मृताः । अग्निष्वात्ताश्च देवानां मारीचा लोकविश्रुताः || ३.१९५ ||</blockquote><blockquote>दैत्यदानवयक्षाणां गन्धर्वोरगरक्षसाम् । सुपर्णकिन्नराणां च स्मृता बर्हिषदोऽत्रिजाः || ३.१९६ ||</blockquote><blockquote>virāṭsutāḥ somasadaḥ sādhyānāṁ pitaraḥ smr̥tāḥ । agniṣvāttāśca devānāṁ mārīcā lokaviśrutāḥ || 3.195 ||</blockquote><blockquote>daityadānavayakṣāṇāṁ gandharvoragarakṣasām । suparṇakinnarāṇāṁ ca smr̥tā barhiṣado'trijāḥ || 3.196 ||</blockquote>Meaning: The Somasads, the sons of Virag, are stated to be the forefathers of the Sadhyas, and the Agnishvattas, the children of Marici, are famous in the world (as the forefathers) of the gods. (3.195). The Barhishads, born of Atri, are recorded to be (the forefathers) of the Daityas, Danavas, Yakshas, Gandharvas, Snake-deities, Rakshasas, Suparnas, and a Kimnaras, (3.196)[[File:Pitr vamsha-page-001.jpg|thumb|500x500px|left]]

According to Manusmrti, the (various) classes of the forefathers are declared to be the sons of all those sages, Marici and the rest, who are children of Manu, the son of Hiranyagarbha.(3.194). So, from the sages sprang the forefathers, from the forefathers the gods and the Danavas, but from the gods the whole world, both the movable and the immovable in due order. (3.201) <blockquote>मनोर्हैरण्यगर्भस्य ये मरीच्यादयः सुताः । तेषां ऋषीणां सर्वेषां पुत्राः पितृगणाः स्मृताः || ३.१९४ ||</blockquote><blockquote>ऋषिभ्यः पितरो जाताः पितृभ्यो देवमानवाः । देवेभ्यस्तु जगत्सर्वं चरं स्थाण्वनुपूर्वशः || ३.२०१ ||</blockquote><blockquote>manorhairaṇyagarbhasya ye marīcyādayaḥ sutāḥ । teṣāṁ r̥ṣīṇāṁ sarveṣāṁ putrāḥ pitr̥gaṇāḥ smr̥tāḥ || 3.194 ||</blockquote><blockquote>r̥ṣibhyaḥ pitaro jātāḥ pitr̥bhyo devamānavāḥ । devebhyastu jagatsarvaṁ caraṁ sthāṇvanupūrvaśaḥ || 3.201 ||</blockquote>They call (the forefathers of) fathers Vasus, (those of) grandfathers Rudras, and (those of) great-grandfathers Adityas; thus (speaks) the eternal Veda. (3.284)<blockquote>वसून्वदन्ति तु पितॄन्रुद्रांश्चैव पितामहान् । प्रपितामहांस्तथादित्यान्श्रुतिरेषा सनातनी । । ३.२८४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>vasūnvadanti tu pitr̥̄nrudrāṁścaiva pitāmahān । prapitāmahāṁstathādityānśrutireṣā sanātanī । । 3.284 । ।</blockquote>It says, <blockquote>विराट्सुताः सोमसदः साध्यानां पितरः स्मृताः । अग्निष्वात्ताश्च देवानां मारीचा लोकविश्रुताः || ३.१९५ ||</blockquote><blockquote>दैत्यदानवयक्षाणां गन्धर्वोरगरक्षसाम् । सुपर्णकिन्नराणां च स्मृता बर्हिषदोऽत्रिजाः || ३.१९६ ||</blockquote><blockquote>virāṭsutāḥ somasadaḥ sādhyānāṁ pitaraḥ smr̥tāḥ । agniṣvāttāśca devānāṁ mārīcā lokaviśrutāḥ || 3.195 ||</blockquote><blockquote>daityadānavayakṣāṇāṁ gandharvoragarakṣasām । suparṇakinnarāṇāṁ ca smr̥tā barhiṣado'trijāḥ || 3.196 ||</blockquote>Meaning: The Somasads, the sons of Virag, are stated to be the forefathers of the Sadhyas, and the Agnishvattas, the children of Marici, are famous in the world (as the forefathers) of the gods. (3.195). The Barhishads, born of Atri, are recorded to be (the forefathers) of the Daityas, Danavas, Yakshas, Gandharvas, Snake-deities, Rakshasas, Suparnas, and a Kimnaras, (3.196)[[File:Pitr vamsha-page-001.jpg|thumb|500x500px|left]]

The Manusmrti also elborates the lineage of ancestores of each of the four Varnas.

The Manusmrti also elborates the lineage of ancestores of each of the four Varnas.

* Having presented to them water, sesamum grains, and blades of Kusa grass, the Brahmana (sacrificer) shall offer (oblations) in the sacred fire, after having received permission (to do so) from (all) the Brahmana (guests) conjointly. (3.210)

* Having presented to them water, sesamum grains, and blades of Kusa grass, the Brahmana (sacrificer) shall offer (oblations) in the sacred fire, after having received permission (to do so) from (all) the Brahmana (guests) conjointly. (3.210)

<blockquote>तेषां उदकं आनीय सपवित्रांस्तिलानपि । अग्नौ कुर्यादनुज्ञातो ब्राह्मणो ब्राह्मणैः सह । । ३.२१० । ।</blockquote><blockquote>teṣāṁ udakaṁ ānīya sapavitrāṁstilānapi । agnau kuryādanujñāto brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇaiḥ saha । । 3.210 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>तेषां उदकं आनीय सपवित्रांस्तिलानपि । अग्नौ कुर्यादनुज्ञातो ब्राह्मणो ब्राह्मणैः सह । । ३.२१० । ।</blockquote><blockquote>teṣāṁ udakaṁ ānīya sapavitrāṁstilānapi । agnau kuryādanujñāto brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇaiḥ saha । । 3.210 । ।</blockquote>

* Having first, according to the rule, performed, as a means of protecting (the Shraddha), oblations to Agni, to Soma, and to Yama, let him afterwards satisfy the forefathers by a gift of sacrificial food. (3.211) But if no (sacred) fire (is available), he shall place (the offerings) into the hand of a Brahmana; for Brahmanas who know the sacred texts declare, 'What fire is, even such is a Brahmana.'(3.212)

* Having first, according to the rule, performed, as a means of protecting (the Shraddha), oblations to Agni, to Soma, and to Yama, let him afterwards satisfy the forefathers by a gift of sacrificial food. (3.211) But if no (sacred) fire (is available), he shall place (the offerings) into the hand of a Brahmana; for Brahmanas who know the sacred texts declare, 'What fire is, even such is a Brahmana.'(3.212) The burnt-oblation, offered at a sacrifice to the forefathers, must not be made in a common fire; a Brahmana who keeps a sacred fire (shall) not (perform) a funeral sacrifice except on the new-moon day. (3.282)

<blockquote>अग्नेः सोमयमाभ्यां च कृत्वाप्यायनं आदितः । हविर्दानेन विधिवत्पश्चात्संतर्पयेत्पितॄन् । । ३.२११ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>अग्न्यभावे तु विप्रस्य पाणावेवोपपादयेत् । यो ह्यग्निः स द्विजो विप्रैर्मन्त्रदर्शिभिरुच्यते । । ३.२१२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>agneḥ somayamābhyāṁ ca kr̥tvāpyāyanaṁ āditaḥ । havirdānena vidhivatpaścātsaṁtarpayetpitr̥̄n । । 3.211 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>agnyabhāve tu viprasya pāṇāvevopapādayet । yo hyagniḥ sa dvijo viprairmantradarśibhirucyate । । 3.212 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>अग्नेः सोमयमाभ्यां च कृत्वाप्यायनं आदितः । हविर्दानेन विधिवत्पश्चात्संतर्पयेत्पितॄन् । । ३.२११ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>अग्न्यभावे तु विप्रस्य पाणावेवोपपादयेत् । यो ह्यग्निः स द्विजो विप्रैर्मन्त्रदर्शिभिरुच्यते । । ३.२१२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>न पैतृयज्ञियो होमो लौकिकेऽग्नौ विधीयते । न दर्शेन विना श्राद्धं आहिताग्नेर्द्विजन्मनः । । ३.२८२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>agneḥ somayamābhyāṁ ca kr̥tvāpyāyanaṁ āditaḥ । havirdānena vidhivatpaścātsaṁtarpayetpitr̥̄n । । 3.211 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>agnyabhāve tu viprasya pāṇāvevopapādayet । yo hyagniḥ sa dvijo viprairmantradarśibhirucyate । । 3.212 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>na paitr̥yajñiyo homo laukike'gnau vidhīyate । na darśena vinā śrāddhaṁ āhitāgnerdvijanmanaḥ । । 3.282 । ।</blockquote>

* After he has performed (the oblations) in the fire, (and) the whole series of ceremonies in such a manner that they end in the south, let him sprinkle water with his right hand on the spot (where the cakes are to be placed). (3.214) But having made three cakes out of the remainder of that sacrificial food, he must, concentrating his mind and turning towards the south, place them on (Kusa grass) exactly in the same manner in which (he poured out the libations of) water. (3.215)

* After he has performed (the oblations) in the fire, (and) the whole series of ceremonies in such a manner that they end in the south, let him sprinkle water with his right hand on the spot (where the cakes are to be placed). (3.214) But having made three cakes out of the remainder of that sacrificial food, he must, concentrating his mind and turning towards the south, place them on (Kusa grass) exactly in the same manner in which (he poured out the libations of) water. (3.215)

<blockquote>अपसव्यं अग्नौ कृत्वा सर्वं आवृत्य विक्रमम् । अपसव्येन हस्तेन निर्वपेदुदकं भुवि । । ३.२१४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>त्रींस्तु तस्माद्धविःशेषात्पिण्डान्कृत्वा समाहितः । औदकेनैव विधिना निर्वपेद्दक्षिणामुखः । । ३.२१५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>apasavyaṁ agnau kr̥tvā sarvaṁ āvr̥tya vikramam । apasavyena hastena nirvapedudakaṁ bhuvi । । 3.214 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>trīṁstu tasmāddhaviḥśeṣātpiṇḍānkr̥tvā samāhitaḥ । audakenaiva vidhinā nirvapeddakṣiṇāmukhaḥ । । 3.215 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>अपसव्यं अग्नौ कृत्वा सर्वं आवृत्य विक्रमम् । अपसव्येन हस्तेन निर्वपेदुदकं भुवि । । ३.२१४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>त्रींस्तु तस्माद्धविःशेषात्पिण्डान्कृत्वा समाहितः । औदकेनैव विधिना निर्वपेद्दक्षिणामुखः । । ३.२१५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>apasavyaṁ agnau kr̥tvā sarvaṁ āvr̥tya vikramam । apasavyena hastena nirvapedudakaṁ bhuvi । । 3.214 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>trīṁstu tasmāddhaviḥśeṣātpiṇḍānkr̥tvā samāhitaḥ । audakenaiva vidhinā nirvapeddakṣiṇāmukhaḥ । । 3.215 । ।</blockquote>

* Having washed his hands and sipped water, let him prepare (food) for his paternal relations and, after giving it to them with due respect, let him feed his maternal relatives also. (3.264) But the remnants shall be left (where they lie) until the Brahmanas have been dismissed; afterwards he shall perform the (daily) domestic Bali-offering; that is a settled (rule of the) sacred law. (3.265)

* Having washed his hands and sipped water, let him prepare (food) for his paternal relations and, after giving it to them with due respect, let him feed his maternal relatives also. (3.264) But the remnants shall be left (where they lie) until the Brahmanas have been dismissed; afterwards he shall perform the (daily) domestic Bali-offering; that is a settled (rule of the) sacred law. (3.265)

<blockquote>प्रक्साल्य हस्तावाचाम्य ज्ञातिप्रायं प्रकल्पयेत् । ज्ञातिभ्यः सत्कृतं दत्त्वा बान्धवानपि भोजयेत् । । ३.२६४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>उच्छेषणं तु तत्तिष्ठेद्यावद्विप्रा विसर्जिताः । ततो गृहबलिं कुर्यादिति धर्मो व्यवस्थितः । । ३.२६५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>praksālya hastāvācāmya jñātiprāyaṁ prakalpayet । jñātibhyaḥ satkr̥taṁ dattvā bāndhavānapi bhojayet । । 3.264 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>uccheṣaṇaṁ tu tattiṣṭhedyāvadviprā visarjitāḥ । tato gr̥habaliṁ kuryāditi dharmo vyavasthitaḥ । । 3.265 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>प्रक्साल्य हस्तावाचाम्य ज्ञातिप्रायं प्रकल्पयेत् । ज्ञातिभ्यः सत्कृतं दत्त्वा बान्धवानपि भोजयेत् । । ३.२६४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>उच्छेषणं तु तत्तिष्ठेद्यावद्विप्रा विसर्जिताः । ततो गृहबलिं कुर्यादिति धर्मो व्यवस्थितः । । ३.२६५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>praksālya hastāvācāmya jñātiprāyaṁ prakalpayet । jñātibhyaḥ satkr̥taṁ dattvā bāndhavānapi bhojayet । । 3.264 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>uccheṣaṇaṁ tu tattiṣṭhedyāvadviprā visarjitāḥ । tato gr̥habaliṁ kuryāditi dharmo vyavasthitaḥ । । 3.265 । ।</blockquote>

== श्राद्धनियमाः ॥ Rules governing Shraddha ==

== श्राद्धनियमाः ॥ Rules governing Shraddha ==

* The ancestors of men are satisfied for one month with sesamum grains, rice, barley, masha beans, water, roots, and fruits, which have been given according to the prescribed rule, (3.267)

* The ancestors of men are satisfied for one month with sesamum grains, rice, barley, masha beans, water, roots, and fruits, which have been given according to the prescribed rule, (3.267)

<blockquote>तिलैर्व्रीहियवैर्माषैरद्भिर्मूलफलेन वा । दत्तेन मासं तृप्यन्ति विधिवत्पितरो नृनाम् । । ३.२६७ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>tilairvrīhiyavairmāṣairadbhirmūlaphalena vā । dattena māsaṁ tr̥pyanti vidhivatpitaro nr̥nām । । 3.267 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>तिलैर्व्रीहियवैर्माषैरद्भिर्मूलफलेन वा । दत्तेन मासं तृप्यन्ति विधिवत्पितरो नृनाम् । । ३.२६७ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>tilairvrīhiyavairmāṣairadbhirmūlaphalena vā । dattena māsaṁ tr̥pyanti vidhivatpitaro nr̥nām । । 3.267 । ।</blockquote>

* It is said that, even water offered with faith (to the forefathers) in vessels made of silver or adorned with silver, produces endless (bliss). (3.202)

* It is said that, even water offered with faith (to the forefathers) in vessels made of silver or adorned with silver, produces endless (bliss). (3.202) Even when a Brahmana, after bathing, satisfies the forefathers with water, he obtains thereby the whole reward for the performance of the (daily) Sraddha. (3.283)

<blockquote>राजतैर्भाजनैरेषां अथो वा रजतान्वितैः । वार्यपि श्रद्धया दत्तं अक्षयायोपकल्पते । । ३.२०२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>rājatairbhājanaireṣāṁ atho vā rajatānvitaiḥ । vāryapi śraddhayā dattaṁ akṣayāyopakalpate । । 3.202 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>राजतैर्भाजनैरेषां अथो वा रजतान्वितैः । वार्यपि श्रद्धया दत्तं अक्षयायोपकल्पते । । ३.२०२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>यदेव तर्पयत्यद्भिः पितॄन्स्नात्वा द्विजोत्तमः । तेनैव कृत्स्नं आप्नोति पितृयज्ञक्रियाफलम् । । ३.२८३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>rājatairbhājanaireṣāṁ atho vā rajatānvitaiḥ । vāryapi śraddhayā dattaṁ akṣayāyopakalpate । । 3.202 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>yadeva tarpayatyadbhiḥ pitr̥̄nsnātvā dvijottamaḥ । tenaiva kr̥tsnaṁ āpnoti pitr̥yajñakriyāphalam । । 3.283 । ।</blockquote>

* The afternoon, Kusa grass, the due preparation of the dwelling, sesamum grains, liberality, the careful preparation of the food, and (the company of) distinguished Brahmanas are true riches at all funeral sacrifices. (3.255)

* The afternoon, Kusa grass, the due preparation of the dwelling, sesamum grains, liberality, the careful preparation of the food, and (the company of) distinguished Brahmanas are true riches at all funeral sacrifices. (3.255)

<blockquote>अपराह्णस्तथा दर्भा वास्तुसंपादनं तिलाः । सृष्टिर्मृष्टिर्द्विजाश्चाग्र्याः श्राद्धकर्मसु संपदः । । ३.२५५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>aparāhṇastathā darbhā vāstusaṁpādanaṁ tilāḥ । sr̥ṣṭirmr̥ṣṭirdvijāścāgryāḥ śrāddhakarmasu saṁpadaḥ । । 3.255 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>अपराह्णस्तथा दर्भा वास्तुसंपादनं तिलाः । सृष्टिर्मृष्टिर्द्विजाश्चाग्र्याः श्राद्धकर्मसु संपदः । । ३.२५५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>aparāhṇastathā darbhā vāstusaṁpādanaṁ tilāḥ । sr̥ṣṭirmr̥ṣṭirdvijāścāgryāḥ śrāddhakarmasu saṁpadaḥ । । 3.255 । ।</blockquote>

* In fact, it is said that, the ancestors pray that 'May such a man be born in our family who will give us milk-rice, with honey and clarified butter, on the thirteenth lunar day (of the month of Bhadrapada) and (in the afternoon) when the shadow of an elephant falls towards the east.'(3.274) Therefore, whatever (food), mixed with honey, one gives on the thirteenth lunar day in the rainy season under the asterism of Maghah, that also procures endless (satisfaction). (3.273)

* In fact, it is said that, the ancestors pray that 'May such a man be born in our family who will give us milk-rice, with honey and clarified butter, on the thirteenth lunar day (of the month of Bhadrapada) and (in the afternoon) when the shadow of an elephant falls towards the east.'(3.274) Therefore, whatever (food), mixed with honey, one gives on the thirteenth lunar day in the rainy season under the asterism of Maghah, that also procures endless (satisfaction). (3.273)

<blockquote>अपि नः स कुले भूयाद्यो नो दद्यात्त्रयोदशीम् । पायसं मधुसर्पिर्भ्यां प्राक्छाये कुञ्जरस्य च । । ३.२७४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>यत्किं चिन्मधुना मिश्रं प्रदद्यात्तु त्रयोदशीम् । तदप्यक्षयं एव स्याद्वर्षासु च मघासु च । । ३.२७३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>api naḥ sa kule bhūyādyo no dadyāttrayodaśīm । pāyasaṁ madhusarpirbhyāṁ prākchāye kuñjarasya ca । । 3.274 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>yatkiṁ cinmadhunā miśraṁ pradadyāttu trayodaśīm । tadapyakṣayaṁ eva syādvarṣāsu ca maghāsu ca । । 3.273 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>अपि नः स कुले भूयाद्यो नो दद्यात्त्रयोदशीम् । पायसं मधुसर्पिर्भ्यां प्राक्छाये कुञ्जरस्य च । । ३.२७४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>यत्किं चिन्मधुना मिश्रं प्रदद्यात्तु त्रयोदशीम् । तदप्यक्षयं एव स्याद्वर्षासु च मघासु च । । ३.२७३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>api naḥ sa kule bhūyādyo no dadyāttrayodaśīm । pāyasaṁ madhusarpirbhyāṁ prākchāye kuñjarasya ca । । 3.274 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>yatkiṁ cinmadhunā miśraṁ pradadyāttu trayodaśīm । tadapyakṣayaṁ eva syādvarṣāsu ca maghāsu ca । । 3.273 । ।</blockquote>

* Whatever (a man), full of faith, duly gives according to the prescribed rule, that becomes in the other world a perpetual and imperishable (gratification) for the manes. (3.275)

* Whatever (a man), full of faith, duly gives according to the prescribed rule, that becomes in the other world a perpetual and imperishable (gratification) for the forefathers. (3.275)

<blockquote>यद्यद्ददाति विधिवत्सम्यक्श्रद्धासमन्वितः । तत्तत्पितॄणां भवति परत्रानन्तं अक्षयम् । । ३.२७५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>yadyaddadāti vidhivatsamyakśraddhāsamanvitaḥ । tattatpitr̥̄ṇāṁ bhavati paratrānantaṁ akṣayam । । 3.275 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>यद्यद्ददाति विधिवत्सम्यक्श्रद्धासमन्वितः । तत्तत्पितॄणां भवति परत्रानन्तं अक्षयम् । । ३.२७५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>yadyaddadāti vidhivatsamyakśraddhāsamanvitaḥ । tattatpitr̥̄ṇāṁ bhavati paratrānantaṁ akṣayam । । 3.275 । ।</blockquote>

=== श्राद्धसमयः ॥ Appropriate time for Shraddha ===

=== श्राद्धसमयः ॥ Appropriate time for Shraddha ===

The days of the dark half of the month, beginning with the

* The days of the dark half of the month, beginning with the tenth, but excepting the fourteenth, are recommended for a funeral sacrifice; (it is) not thus (with) the others. (3.276)

tenth, but excepting the fourteenth, are recommended for a funeral sacrifice;

<blockquote>कृष्णपक्षे दशम्यादौ वर्जयित्वा चतुर्दशीम् । श्राद्धे प्रशस्तास्तिथयो यथैता न तथेतराः । । ३.२७६ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>kr̥ṣṇapakṣe daśamyādau varjayitvā caturdaśīm । śrāddhe praśastāstithayo yathaitā na tathetarāḥ । । 3.276 । ।</blockquote>

(it is) not thus (with) the others. [v.3.276.]

* He who performs it on the even (lunar) days and under the even constellations, gains (the fulfilment of) all his wishes; he who honours the forefathers on odd (lunar days) and under odd (constellations), obtains distinguished offspring. (3.277)

 

<blockquote>युक्षु कुर्वन्दिनर्क्षेषु सर्वान्कामान्समश्नुते । अयुक्षु तु पितॄन्सर्वान्प्रजां प्राप्नोति पुष्कलाम् । । ३.२७७ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>yukṣu kurvandinarkṣeṣu sarvānkāmānsamaśnute । ayukṣu tu pitr̥̄nsarvānprajāṁ prāpnoti puṣkalām । । 3.277 । ।</blockquote>

He who performs it on the even (lunar) days and under the

* As the second half of the month is preferable to the first half, even so the afternoon is better for (the performance of) a funeral sacrifice than the forenoon. (3.278)

even constellations, gains (the fulfilment of) all his wishes; he who honours

<blockquote>यथा चैवापरः पक्षः पूर्वपक्षाद्विशिष्यते । तथा श्राद्धस्य पूर्वाह्णादपराह्णो विशिष्यते । । ३.२७८ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>yathā caivāparaḥ pakṣaḥ pūrvapakṣādviśiṣyate । tathā śrāddhasya pūrvāhṇādaparāhṇo viśiṣyate । । 3.278 । ।</blockquote>

the manes on odd (lunar days) and under odd (constellations), obtains

* Let him not perform a funeral sacrifice at night, because the (night) is declared to belong to the Rakshasas, nor in the twilight, nor when the sun has just risen. (3.280)

distinguished offspring. [v.3.277.]

<blockquote>रात्रौ श्राद्धं न कुर्वीत राक्षसी कीर्तिता हि सा । संध्ययोरुभयोश्चैव सूर्ये चैवाचिरोदिते । । ३.२८० । ।</blockquote><blockquote>rātrau śrāddhaṁ na kurvīta rākṣasī kīrtitā hi sā । saṁdhyayorubhayoścaiva sūrye caivācirodite । । 3.280 । ।</blockquote>

 

* Let him offer here below a funeral sacrifice, according to the rule given above, (at least) thrice a year, in winter, in summer, and in the rainy season, but that which is included among the five great sacrifices, every day. (3.281)

As the second half of the month is preferable to the first

<blockquote>अनेन विधिना श्राद्धं त्रिरब्दस्येह निर्वपेत् । हेमन्तग्रीष्मवर्षासु पाञ्चयज्ञिकं अन्वहम् । । ३.२८१ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>anena vidhinā śrāddhaṁ trirabdasyeha nirvapet । hemantagrīṣmavarṣāsu pāñcayajñikaṁ anvaham । । 3.281 । ।</blockquote>

half, even so the afternoon is better for (the performance of) a funeral

sacrifice than the forenoon. [v.3.278.]

 

Let him, untired, duly perform the (rites) in honour of the

grass in his hands, up to the end (of the ceremony). [v.3.279.]

 

Let him not perform a funeral sacrifice at night, because

the (night) is declared to belong to the Rakshasas, nor in the twilight, nor

when the sun has just risen. [v.3.280.]

 

Let him offer here below a funeral sacrifice, according to

the rule given above, (at least) thrice a year, in winter, in summer, and in

the rainy season, but that which is included among the five great sacrifices,

every day. [v.3.281.]

 

must not be made in a common fire; a Brahmana who keeps a sacred fire (shall)

not (perform) a funeral sacrifice except on the new-moon day. [v.3.282.]

 

 

 

 

== श्राद्धफलम् ॥ The fruit of Shraddha ==

== श्राद्धफलम् ॥ The fruit of Shraddha ==