Changes

    Earth, water, fire, air, ether, time, space, soul and mind are the nine Dravyas or substances. The first four of these and the last are held to be atomic. The first four are both eternal and non-eternal, non-eternal in their various compounds and eternal in their ultimate atoms to which they must be traced back. Mind is an eternal substance. It does not pervade everywhere like the soul. It is atomic. It can admit only one thought at a time.    

    Earth, water, fire, air, ether, time, space, soul and mind are the nine Dravyas or substances. The first four of these and the last are held to be atomic. The first four are both eternal and non-eternal, non-eternal in their various compounds and eternal in their ultimate atoms to which they must be traced back. Mind is an eternal substance. It does not pervade everywhere like the soul. It is atomic. It can admit only one thought at a time.    

    '''Qualities

==== Qualities of Dravyas ====

of Dravyas'''

    Seven others are said to be implied, viz., gravity, fluidity, viscidity, faculty, merit, demerit and sound—making twenty-four in all. Sixteen of these qualities belong to material substances. The other eight, viz.. understanding, volition, desire, aversion, pleasure, pain, merit and demerit are the properties of the soul.    

 

    Seven

others are said to be implied, viz., gravity, fluidity, viscidity, faculty,

merit, demerit and sound—making twenty-four in all. Sixteen of these qualities

belong to material substances. The other eight, viz.. understanding, volition,

desire, aversion, pleasure, pain, merit and demerit are the properties of the

soul.    

 

Third

category, Karma or action, consists of five kinds of viz. elevation or throwing

Third category, Karma or action, consists of five kinds of viz. elevation or throwing

upwards, depression or throwing downwards, contraction, expansion and motion.  

upwards, depression or throwing downwards, contraction, expansion and motion.  

'''Samanya^[1]'''

=== Samanya ===

 

The fourth category, Samanya or generality is twofold, viz., (i) higher and lower

The

fourth category, Samanya or generality is twofold, viz., (i) higher and lower

generality and a) that of genus and species.

generality and a) that of genus and species.

'''Visesha^[1]'''

=== Visesha ===

The fifth

category, Visesha or particularity, belongs to the nine eternal substances of

The sixth category, Samavaya or co-inherence, is of only one kind. It is the co-inherence between a substance and its qualities, between a genus or species and its individuals, between any object and the general idea connected with it and is thought to be a real entity.

the first category, all of which have an eternal ultimate difference

distinguishing each from the others. Therefore, the system is called

Vaiseshika.

=== Abhava ===

 

There are four kinds of Abhava, the seventh category, viz., antecedent non-existence, cessation of existence

 

'''Abhava^[1]'''

 

There are four kinds of Abhava, the seventh

category, viz., antecedent non-existence, cessation of existence

 

 

 

    .......        In its early stages, the Vaiśeṣika was an independent philosophy with its own metaphysics, epistemology, logic, ethics, and path to mukti or liberation. Over time, the Vaiśeṣika system became similar in its philosophical procedures, ethical conclusions and in it's theory of liberation to the Nyāya Darshana, but retained its difference in epistemology and metaphysics.    

    .......        In its early stages, the Vaiśeṣika was an independent philosophy with its own metaphysics, epistemology, logic, ethics, and path to mukti or liberation. Over time, the Vaiśeṣika system became similar in its philosophical procedures, ethical conclusions and in it's theory of liberation to the Nyāya Darshana, but retained its difference in epistemology and metaphysics.