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Vaiseshika Darshana (वैशेषिकदर्शनम्) (view source)
Revision as of 10:56, 28 March 2018
, 10:56, 28 March 2018→The Dravyas[1]: Added content
Earth, water, fire, air, ether, time, space, soul and mind are the nine Dravyas or substances. The first four of these and the last are held to be atomic. The first four are both eternal and non-eternal, non-eternal in their various compounds and eternal in their ultimate atoms to which they must be traced back. Mind is an eternal substance. It does not pervade everywhere like the soul. It is atomic. It can admit only one thought at a time.
Earth, water, fire, air, ether, time, space, soul and mind are the nine Dravyas or substances. The first four of these and the last are held to be atomic. The first four are both eternal and non-eternal, non-eternal in their various compounds and eternal in their ultimate atoms to which they must be traced back. Mind is an eternal substance. It does not pervade everywhere like the soul. It is atomic. It can admit only one thought at a time.
'''Qualities of Dravyas'''
'''Qualities
of Dravyas'''
There
are seventeen qualities inherent in the nine substances, viz. colour (Rupa),
taste (Rasa), smell (Gandha), touch (Sparsa), numbers (Sankhya), measures
(Parimanani), separateness or individuality (Prithaktvam), conjunction and
disconjunction (Samyoga-vibhagam), priority and posterity (Paratva-aparatva),
intellection or understanding (Buddhayah), pleasure and pain
(Sukha-duhkha), desire and aversion (Ichha-dvesha), and volitions
(Prayatnah).
Seven
others are said to be implied, viz., gravity, fluidity, viscidity, faculty,
merit, demerit and sound—making twenty-four in all. Sixteen of these qualities
belong to material substances. The other eight, viz.. understanding, volition,
desire, aversion, pleasure, pain, merit and demerit are the properties of the
soul.
'''Karma<sup>[1]</sup>'''
Third
category, Karma or action, consists of five kinds of viz. elevation or throwing
upwards, depression or throwing downwards, contraction, expansion and motion.
'''Samanya<sup>[1]</sup>'''
The
fourth category, Samanya or generality is twofold, viz., (i) higher and lower
generality and a) that of genus and species.
'''Visesha<sup>[1]</sup>'''
The fifth
category, Visesha or particularity, belongs to the nine eternal substances of
the first category, all of which have an eternal ultimate difference
distinguishing each from the others. Therefore, the system is called
Vaiseshika.
'''Samavaya<sup>[1]</sup>'''
The sixth
category, Samavaya or co-inherence, is of only one kind. It is the co-inherence
between a substance and its qualities, between a genus or species and its
individuals, between any object and the general idea connected with it and is
thought to be a real entity.
'''Abhava<sup>[1]</sup>'''
There are four kinds of Abhava, the seventh
category, viz., antecedent non-existence, cessation of existence
'''Qualities of Dravyas'''
There are seventeen qualities inherent in the nine substances, viz. colour (Rupa), taste (Rasa), smell (Gandha), touch (Sparsa), numbers (Sankhya), measures (Parimanani), separateness or individuality (Prithaktvam), conjunction and disconjunction (Samyoga-vibhagam), priority and posterity (Paratva-aparatva), intellection or understanding (Buddhayah), pleasure and pain (Sukha-duhkha), desire and aversion (Ichha-dvesha), and volitions (Prayatnah).
There are seventeen qualities inherent in the nine substances, viz. colour (Rupa), taste (Rasa), smell (Gandha), touch (Sparsa), numbers (Sankhya), measures (Parimanani), separateness or individuality (Prithaktvam), conjunction and disconjunction (Samyoga-vibhagam), priority and posterity (Paratva-aparatva), intellection or understanding (Buddhayah), pleasure and pain (Sukha-duhkha), desire and aversion (Ichha-dvesha), and volitions (Prayatnah).