Changes

*He shall say what is true; and he shall say what is agreeable; he shall not say what is true, but disagreeale; nor shall he say what is agreeable, but untrue; this is the eternal law.—(138) What is (not) well, he shall call “well”; or, he shall simply say “well;” he shall not create needless enmity or dispute with any one.—(139) In short, always speak the truth, and say what is pleasing, dont utter a disagreeable truth, nor an agreeable falsehood; that is the eternal Dharma.  Always give positive feedback, or just say ‘well done’ only; do not engage in a useless enmity or dispute with anybody. (Manu Smrt. 4.138 and 139).<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>भद्रं भद्रं इति ब्रूयाद्भद्रं इत्येव वा वदेत् । शुष्कवैरं विवादं च न कुर्यात्केन चित्सह || ४.१३९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>bhadraṁ bhadraṁ iti brūyādbhadraṁ ityeva vā vadet । śuṣkavairaṁ vivādaṁ ca na kuryātkena citsaha || 4.139 ||</blockquote>

*He shall say what is true; and he shall say what is agreeable; he shall not say what is true, but disagreeale; nor shall he say what is agreeable, but untrue; this is the eternal law.—(138) What is (not) well, he shall call “well”; or, he shall simply say “well;” he shall not create needless enmity or dispute with any one.—(139) In short, always speak the truth, and say what is pleasing, dont utter a disagreeable truth, nor an agreeable falsehood; that is the eternal Dharma.  Always give positive feedback, or just say ‘well done’ only; do not engage in a useless enmity or dispute with anybody. (Manu Smrt. 4.138 and 139).<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>भद्रं भद्रं इति ब्रूयाद्भद्रं इत्येव वा वदेत् । शुष्कवैरं विवादं च न कुर्यात्केन चित्सह || ४.१३९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>bhadraṁ bhadraṁ iti brūyādbhadraṁ ityeva vā vadet । śuṣkavairaṁ vivādaṁ ca na kuryātkena citsaha || 4.139 ||</blockquote>

==आत्माश्रयः ॥ Self-reliance==

==आत्माश्रयः ॥ Self-reliance==

*One should carefully avoid all undertakings (the success of) which depends on others; but eagerly pursue that - the accomplishment of which depends on one's own effort. Everything that depends on others (gives) grief, everything that depends on oneself (gives) pleasure; know that this is the short definition of pleasure and grief. (Manu Smrt. 4.159 and 160).<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>यद्यत्परवशं कर्म तत्तद्यत्नेन वर्जयेत् । यद्यदात्मवशं तु स्यात्तत्तत्सेवेत यत्नतः || ४.१५९ ||</blockquote><blockquote>सर्वं परवशं दुःखं सर्वं आत्मवशं सुखम् । एतद्विद्यात्समासेन लक्षणं सुखदुःखयोः || ४.१६० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yadyatparavaśaṁ karma tattadyatnena varjayet । yadyadātmavaśaṁ tu syāttattatseveta yatnataḥ || 4.159 ||</blockquote><blockquote>sarvaṁ paravaśaṁ duḥkhaṁ sarvaṁ ātmavaśaṁ sukham । etadvidyātsamāsena lakṣaṇaṁ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ || 4.160 ||</blockquote>

*He shall carefully avoid every such act as is dependent upon others; such acts as are dependent upon himself, every one of these he shall eagerly pursue.—(159) All that is dependent on others is painful; all that is dependent on oneself is pleasing; he shall know this to be, in short, the definition of pleasure and pain.—(160) One should carefully avoid all undertakings (the success of) which depends on others; but eagerly pursue that - the accomplishment of which depends on one's own effort. Everything that depends on others (gives) grief, everything that depends on oneself (gives) pleasure; know that this is the short definition of pleasure and grief. (Manu Smrt. 4.159 and 160).<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>यद्यत्परवशं कर्म तत्तद्यत्नेन वर्जयेत् । यद्यदात्मवशं तु स्यात्तत्तत्सेवेत यत्नतः || ४.१५९ ||</blockquote><blockquote>सर्वं परवशं दुःखं सर्वं आत्मवशं सुखम् । एतद्विद्यात्समासेन लक्षणं सुखदुःखयोः || ४.१६० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yadyatparavaśaṁ karma tattadyatnena varjayet । yadyadātmavaśaṁ tu syāttattatseveta yatnataḥ || 4.159 ||</blockquote><blockquote>sarvaṁ paravaśaṁ duḥkhaṁ sarvaṁ ātmavaśaṁ sukham । etadvidyātsamāsena lakṣaṇaṁ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ || 4.160 ||</blockquote>

*Similarly, when the performance of an act gives happiness, one should continue to perform it with diligence; but avoid that which causes unhappiness. (Manu Smrt. 4.161).<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>यत्कर्म कुर्वतोऽस्य स्यात्परितोषोऽन्तरात्मनः । तत्प्रयत्नेन कुर्वीत विपरीतं तु वर्जयेत् || ४.१६१ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yatkarma kurvato'sya syātparitoṣo'ntarātmanaḥ । tatprayatnena kurvīta viparītaṁ tu varjayet || 4.161 ||</blockquote>

*He shall perform, with diligence that act, by performing which there arises satisfaction in his inner soul; and he shall avoid the contrary.—(161) Similarly, when the performance of an act gives happiness, one should continue to perform it with diligence; but avoid that which causes unhappiness. (Manu Smrt. 4.161).<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>यत्कर्म कुर्वतोऽस्य स्यात्परितोषोऽन्तरात्मनः । तत्प्रयत्नेन कुर्वीत विपरीतं तु वर्जयेत् || ४.१६१ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yatkarma kurvato'sya syātparitoṣo'ntarātmanaḥ । tatprayatnena kurvīta viparītaṁ tu varjayet || 4.161 ||</blockquote>

==औदार्यता ॥ Generosity==

==औदार्यता ॥ Generosity==

*It is said that a grhastha should do charity to the worthy during the time of sacrifices. (Manu Smrt. 4.226)<ref name=":1" />.<blockquote>श्रद्धयेष्टं च पूर्तं च नित्यं कुर्यादतन्द्रितः । श्रद्धाकृते ह्यक्षये ते भवतः स्वागतैर्धनैः || ४.२२६ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>śraddhayeṣṭaṁ ca pūrtaṁ ca nityaṁ kuryādatandritaḥ । śraddhākr̥te hyakṣaye te bhavataḥ svāgatairdhanaiḥ || 4.226 ||</blockquote>

*It is said that a grhastha should do charity to the worthy during the time of sacrifices. (Manu Smrt. 4.226)<ref name=":1" />.<blockquote>श्रद्धयेष्टं च पूर्तं च नित्यं कुर्यादतन्द्रितः । श्रद्धाकृते ह्यक्षये ते भवतः स्वागतैर्धनैः || ४.२२६ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>śraddhayeṣṭaṁ ca pūrtaṁ ca nityaṁ kuryādatandritaḥ । śraddhākr̥te hyakṣaye te bhavataḥ svāgatairdhanaiḥ || 4.226 ||</blockquote>

*In fact, one should always practise, according to one's ability, and cheerfully, the duty of generosity, both through personal sacrifice and by charitable works, if one finds a worthy recipient. (Manu Smrt. 4.227).<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>दानधर्मं निषेवेत नित्यं ऐष्टिकपौर्तिकम् । परितुष्टेन भावेन पात्रं आसाद्य शक्तितः || ४.२२७ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>dānadharmaṁ niṣeveta nityaṁ aiṣṭikapaurtikam । parituṣṭena bhāvena pātraṁ āsādya śaktitaḥ || 4.227 ||</blockquote>

*He shall practise, to the best of his ability, charity and righteousness in connection with sacrifices and acts of piety with a cheerful heart, if he finds a suitable recipient.—(227) In fact, one should always practise, according to one's ability, and cheerfully, the duty of generosity, both through personal sacrifice and by charitable works, if one finds a worthy recipient. (Manu Smrt. 4.227).<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>दानधर्मं निषेवेत नित्यं ऐष्टिकपौर्तिकम् । परितुष्टेन भावेन पात्रं आसाद्य शक्तितः || ४.२२७ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>dānadharmaṁ niṣeveta nityaṁ aiṣṭikapaurtikam । parituṣṭena bhāvena pātraṁ āsādya śaktitaḥ || 4.227 ||</blockquote>

*Whenever you are asked, always give something, no matter how little it may be, without grudging; for a worthy recipient will (perhaps) be found who will justify your donation. (Manu Smrt. 4.228).<ref name=":3" /> It is said that, the one who gives water obtains satisfaction, giving food provides unending happiness, giving sesame endows one with desirable offspring, while donation of a lamp gives one an excellent eyesight. A donation of land endows land, that of gold a long life, a house endows a house in return and silver endows one with exquisite beauty. A giver of a garment secures a place in the Chandra loka, giving a horse one secures a place in the loka of the Asvina kumaras, a donation of an Ox brings all wealth and a cow secures the giver the loka of the Sun. One who helps in transport and provides a shelter obtains all wealth, a giver of grains attains eternal bliss and the teacher of the Veda attains the world of Brahma. (Manu Smrt. 4.229, 230, 231 and 232).<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>यत्किं चिदपि दातव्यं याचितेनानसूयया । उत्पत्स्यते हि तत्पात्रं यत्तारयति सर्वतः || ४.२२८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>वारिदस्तृप्तिं आप्नोति सुखं अक्षय्यं अन्नदः । तिलप्रदः प्रजां इष्टां दीपदश्चक्षुरुत्तमम् || ४.२२९ ||</blockquote><blockquote>भूमिदो भूमिं आप्नोति दीर्घं आयुर्हिरण्यदः । गृहदोऽग्र्याणि वेश्मानि रूप्यदो रूपं उत्तमम् || ४.२३० ||</blockquote><blockquote>वासोदश्चन्द्रसालोक्यं अश्विसालोक्यं अश्वदः । अनडुहः श्रियं पुष्टां गोदो ब्रध्नस्य विष्टपम् || ४.२३१ ||</blockquote><blockquote>यानशय्याप्रदो भार्यां ऐश्वर्यं अभयप्रदः । धान्यदः शाश्वतं सौख्यं ब्रह्मदो ब्रह्मसार्ष्टिताम् || ४.२३२ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yatkiṁ cidapi dātavyaṁ yācitenānasūyayā । utpatsyate hi tatpātraṁ yattārayati sarvataḥ || 4.228 ||</blockquote><blockquote>vāridastr̥ptiṁ āpnoti sukhaṁ akṣayyaṁ annadaḥ । tilapradaḥ prajāṁ iṣṭāṁ dīpadaścakṣuruttamam || 4.229 ||</blockquote><blockquote>bhūmido bhūmiṁ āpnoti dīrghaṁ āyurhiraṇyadaḥ । gr̥hado'gryāṇi veśmāni rūpyado rūpaṁ uttamam || 4.230 ||</blockquote><blockquote>vāsodaścandrasālokyaṁ aśvisālokyaṁ aśvadaḥ । anaḍuhaḥ śriyaṁ puṣṭāṁ godo bradhnasya viṣṭapam || 4.231 ||</blockquote><blockquote>yānaśayyāprado bhāryāṁ aiśvaryaṁ abhayapradaḥ । dhānyadaḥ śāśvataṁ saukhyaṁ brahmado brahmasārṣṭitām || 4.232 ||</blockquote>

*When asked, he should give something, without showing any displeasure. Because he may turn out to be a worthy recipient who will save him from everything.—(228) Whenever you are asked, always give something, no matter how little it may be, without grudging; for a worthy recipient will (perhaps) be found who will justify your donation. (Manu Smrt. 4.228).<ref name=":3" /> It is said that, the one who gives water obtains satisfaction, giving food provides unending happiness, giving sesame endows one with desirable offspring, while donation of a lamp gives one an excellent eyesight. A donation of land endows land, that of gold a long life, a house endows a house in return and silver endows one with exquisite beauty. A giver of a garment secures a place in the Chandra loka, giving a horse one secures a place in the loka of the Asvina kumaras, a donation of an Ox brings all wealth and a cow secures the giver the loka of the Sun. One who helps in transport and provides a shelter obtains all wealth, a giver of grains attains eternal bliss and the teacher of the Veda attains the world of Brahma. (Manu Smrt. 4.229, 230, 231 and 232).<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>यत्किं चिदपि दातव्यं याचितेनानसूयया । उत्पत्स्यते हि तत्पात्रं यत्तारयति सर्वतः || ४.२२८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>वारिदस्तृप्तिं आप्नोति सुखं अक्षय्यं अन्नदः । तिलप्रदः प्रजां इष्टां दीपदश्चक्षुरुत्तमम् || ४.२२९ ||</blockquote><blockquote>भूमिदो भूमिं आप्नोति दीर्घं आयुर्हिरण्यदः । गृहदोऽग्र्याणि वेश्मानि रूप्यदो रूपं उत्तमम् || ४.२३० ||</blockquote><blockquote>वासोदश्चन्द्रसालोक्यं अश्विसालोक्यं अश्वदः । अनडुहः श्रियं पुष्टां गोदो ब्रध्नस्य विष्टपम् || ४.२३१ ||</blockquote><blockquote>यानशय्याप्रदो भार्यां ऐश्वर्यं अभयप्रदः । धान्यदः शाश्वतं सौख्यं ब्रह्मदो ब्रह्मसार्ष्टिताम् || ४.२३२ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yatkiṁ cidapi dātavyaṁ yācitenānasūyayā । utpatsyate hi tatpātraṁ yattārayati sarvataḥ || 4.228 ||</blockquote><blockquote>vāridastr̥ptiṁ āpnoti sukhaṁ akṣayyaṁ annadaḥ । tilapradaḥ prajāṁ iṣṭāṁ dīpadaścakṣuruttamam || 4.229 ||</blockquote><blockquote>bhūmido bhūmiṁ āpnoti dīrghaṁ āyurhiraṇyadaḥ । gr̥hado'gryāṇi veśmāni rūpyado rūpaṁ uttamam || 4.230 ||</blockquote><blockquote>vāsodaścandrasālokyaṁ aśvisālokyaṁ aśvadaḥ । anaḍuhaḥ śriyaṁ puṣṭāṁ godo bradhnasya viṣṭapam || 4.231 ||</blockquote><blockquote>yānaśayyāprado bhāryāṁ aiśvaryaṁ abhayapradaḥ । dhānyadaḥ śāśvataṁ saukhyaṁ brahmado brahmasārṣṭitām || 4.232 ||</blockquote>

*The gift of knowledge surpasses all other gifts, water, food, cows, land, clothes, sesame, gold, and clarified butter. (Manu Smrt. 4.233).<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>सर्वेषां एव दानानां ब्रह्मदानं विशिष्यते । वार्यन्नगोमहीवासस् तिलकाञ्चनसर्पिषाम् || ४.२३३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>sarveṣāṁ eva dānānāṁ brahmadānaṁ viśiṣyate । vāryannagomahīvāsas tilakāñcanasarpiṣām || 4.233 ||</blockquote>

*The giving or Veda surpasses all gifts or water, food, cows, buffaloes, clothes, sesamum, gold and clarified butter.—(233) The gift of knowledge surpasses all other gifts, water, food, cows, land, clothes, sesame, gold, and clarified butter. (Manu Smrt. 4.233).<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>सर्वेषां एव दानानां ब्रह्मदानं विशिष्यते । वार्यन्नगोमहीवासस् तिलकाञ्चनसर्पिषाम् || ४.२३३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>sarveṣāṁ eva dānānāṁ brahmadānaṁ viśiṣyate । vāryannagomahīvāsas tilakāñcanasarpiṣām || 4.233 ||</blockquote>

*It is also to be noted that the Satvik or Rajasic sentiment with which a donation is made, the fruit of that sentiment is also borne by the giver. (Manu Smrt. 4.234).<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>येन येन तु भावेन यद्यद्दानं प्रयच्छति । तत्तत्तेनैव भावेन प्राप्नोति प्रतिपूजितः || ४.२३४ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yena yena tu bhāvena yadyaddānaṁ prayacchati । tattattenaiva bhāvena prāpnoti pratipūjitaḥ || 4.234 ||</blockquote>

*It is also to be noted that the Satvik or Rajasic sentiment with which a donation is made, the fruit of that sentiment is also borne by the giver. (Manu Smrt. 4.234).<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>येन येन तु भावेन यद्यद्दानं प्रयच्छति । तत्तत्तेनैव भावेन प्राप्नोति प्रतिपूजितः || ४.२३४ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yena yena tu bhāvena yadyaddānaṁ prayacchati । tattattenaiva bhāvena prāpnoti pratipūjitaḥ || 4.234 ||</blockquote>

*Both, the one who respectfully receives a donation, and one who respectfully bestows it, obtain the fruit of heaven; if not, they both reach the hell. (Manu Smrt. 4.235).<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>योऽर्चितं प्रतिगृह्णाति ददात्यर्चितं एव वा । तावुभौ गच्छतः स्वर्गं नरकं तु विपर्यये || ४.२३५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yo'rcitaṁ pratigr̥hṇāti dadātyarcitaṁ eva vā । tāvubhau gacchataḥ svargaṁ narakaṁ tu viparyaye || 4.235 ||</blockquote>

*Both, the one who respectfully receives a donation, and one who respectfully bestows it, obtain the fruit of heaven; if not, they both reach the hell. (Manu Smrt. 4.235).<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>योऽर्चितं प्रतिगृह्णाति ददात्यर्चितं एव वा । तावुभौ गच्छतः स्वर्गं नरकं तु विपर्यये || ४.२३५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yo'rcitaṁ pratigr̥hṇāti dadātyarcitaṁ eva vā । tāvubhau gacchataḥ svargaṁ narakaṁ tu viparyaye || 4.235 ||</blockquote>