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Line 304: − + − − The fifth anuvaka declares that "Bhūr! Bhuvaḥ! Svar!" are three holy exclamations, then adds that ''Bhur'' is the breathing out, ''Bhuvah'' is the breathing in, while ''Svar'' is the intermediate step between those two. It also states that "Brahman is [[Ātman (Hinduism)|Atman (Self)]], and all deities and divinities are its limbs", that "Self-knowledge is the Eternal Principle", and the human beings who have this Oneness and Self-knowledge are served by the gods.<ref>Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814684, page 225</ref>
Taittriya Upanishad (तैत्तिरीय-उपनिषद्) (view source)
Revision as of 07:08, 29 October 2016
, 07:08, 29 October 2016→Fifth Anuvaka ॥ पञ्चमोऽनुवाकः ॥: Added Content
These are called '''Vyahritis''' (व्याहृति). These are short sacred utterances, by virtue of which one can realize supreme Brahman. The four Vyahritis (भू:, भुव:, सुव:, मह:) have been explained in four different ways. So altogether there are four times four: sixteen interpretations of the Vyahritis in line with sixteen ''kalas'' or parts of ''Purusha''.<ref>From Prasna Upanishad, as conveyed by Swami Sharvananda. (Taittiriya Upanishad, By Swami Sharvananda, Upanishad Series No. 7, Published by The Ramakrishna Math, Mylapore, Chennai, 1921)</ref>.
These are called '''Vyahritis''' (व्याहृति). These are short sacred utterances, by virtue of which one can realize supreme Brahman. The four Vyahritis (भू:, भुव:, सुव:, मह:) have been explained in four different ways. So altogether there are four times four: sixteen interpretations of the Vyahritis in line with sixteen ''kalas'' or parts of ''Purusha''.<ref>From Prasna Upanishad, as conveyed by Swami Sharvananda. (Taittiriya Upanishad, By Swami Sharvananda, Upanishad Series No. 7, Published by The Ramakrishna Math, Mylapore, Chennai, 1921)</ref>.
=====Literal Translation of first verse<ref name=":3" />=====
भूर्भुवः सुवरिति वा एतास्तिस्रो व्याहृतयः । तासामुह स्मैतां चतुर्थीं माहाचमस्यः प्रवेदयते । मह इति ।
भूर्भुवः सुवरिति वा एतास्तिस्रो व्याहृतयः । तासामुह स्मैतां चतुर्थीं माहाचमस्यः प्रवेदयते । मह इति ।
मह इत्यादित्यः । आदित्येन वाव सर्वे लोका महीयन्ते
मह इत्यादित्यः । आदित्येन वाव सर्वे लोका महीयन्ते
भू: earth, भुव sky, सुव: heaven, इति thus, एता: these, तिस्रो the three, व्याहृतयः sacred utterances or short mantra, तासाम besides, माहाचमस्यः the son of Mahachamas, मह Maha, चतुर्थीं the fourth, प्रवेदयते taught, तत्, अंगानी the limbs, लोकः world, अन्तरिक्षम the interspace, असौ that, आदित्य: sun, आदित्येन by the sun, वाव behold, महीयन्ते are fostered.
भू: earth, भुव sky, सुव: heaven, इति thus, एता: these, तिस्रो the three, व्याहृतयः sacred utterances or short mantra, तासाम besides, माहाचमस्यः the son of Mahachamas, मह Maha, चतुर्थीं the fourth, प्रवेदयते taught, तत्, अंगानी the limbs, लोकः world, अन्तरिक्षम the interspace, असौ that, आदित्य: sun, आदित्येन by the sun, वाव behold, महीयन्ते are fostered.
=====Literal Translation of second and third verse=====
(मह इत्यादित्यः । आदित्येन वाव सर्वे लोका महीयन्ते) भूरिति वा अग्निः । भुव इति वायुः । सुवरित्यादित्यः ।
मह इत्यादित्यः । आदित्येन वाव सर्वे लोका महीयन्ते । भूरिति वा अग्निः । भुव इति वायुः । सुवरित्यादित्यः ।
मह इति चन्द्रमाः । चन्द्रमसा वाव सर्वाणि ज्योतीँषि महीयन्ते । भूरिति वा ऋचः । भुव इति सामानि । सुवरिति यजूँषि ॥ २ ॥
मह इति चन्द्रमाः । चन्द्रमसा वाव सर्वाणि ज्योतीँषि महीयन्ते । भूरिति वा ऋचः । भुव इति सामानि । सुवरिति यजूँषि ॥ २ ॥
सर्वेऽस्मै देवा बलिमावहन्ति ॥ ३ ॥
सर्वेऽस्मै देवा बलिमावहन्ति ॥ ३ ॥
चन्द्रमसा by the moon, सर्वाणि all, ज्योतीँषि the luminaries, महीयन्ते (meaning in सर्वाणि ज्योतीँषि महीयन्ते) are augmented, ऋचः The Rik Mantras, सामानि The Sama Mantra, यजूँषि The Yajus Mantra, महीयन्ते (meaning in सर्वे वेदा महीयन्ते) are glorified, प्राणः Prana Vayu, अपानः Apana Vayu, व्यानः Vyaba Vayu, अन्नम् food, महीयन्ते (meaning in सर्वे प्राणा महीयन्ते:) are nourished, ता: they, वा again, चतस्र: four, चतुर्धा four fold, व्याहृतयः the Vyahritis (sacred utterances) यो who वेद knows, स वेद ब्रह्म बलिम offerings, आवहन्ति carry
or Bhu is the fire, Bhuva the air, Suva the sun and Maha the moon. Verily by the moon are all luminaries maintained.
or Bhu is the Rik Mantra, Bhuva the Sama Mantra, Suva the Yajus Mantras, and Maha is the Brahman. Verily by Brahman are all Vedas glorified.
or Bhu is the Prana, Bhuva the Apana, Suva the Vyana, and Maha is the food. By food, all Pranas are fostered.
These four are four-fold and known as Vyahritis. One who knows them knows Brahman. To him all gods carry offerings.
=====Detailed Explanation of Fifth Anuvaka =====
=====Detailed Explanation of Fifth Anuvaka =====
Detailed study of Prana, Apana and Vayu can be made here.
====A theory of Oneness and holy exclamations - Fifth and Sixth Anuvāka====
====A theory of Oneness and holy exclamations - Fifth and Sixth Anuvāka====