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Line 4: − == श्राद्धनियमाः ॥ The Rules Governing Shraddha ==+ − − === श्राद्धकर्ता ॥ Who should perform Shraddha ? === − === श्राद्धसामग्री ॥ The offerings of Shraddha ===+ + − + − + + + + + − + − + − * Let him feed even one learned man at (the sacrifice) to the gods, and one at (the sacrifice) to the manes; (thus) he will gain a rich reward, not (if he entertains) many who are unacquainted with the Veda. (Manu 3.129) − <blockquote>एकैकं अपि विद्वांसं दैवे पित्र्ये च भोजयेत् । पुष्कलं फलं आप्नोति नामन्त्रज्ञान्बहूनपि । । ३.१२९ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>ekaikaṁ api vidvāṁsaṁ daive pitrye ca bhojayet । puṣkalaṁ phalaṁ āpnoti nāmantrajñānbahūnapi । । 3.129 । ।</blockquote>8a.1 Feeding the brahmanas
Adding sub-headings
It is said that, the sages, the forefathers, the gods, the Bhutas, and guests ask the householders (for offerings and gifts); hence he who knows (the law), must give to them (what is due to each). (Manu 3.80)<blockquote>ऋषयः पितरो देवा भूतान्यतिथयस्तथा । आशासते कुटुम्बिभ्यस्तेभ्यः कार्यं विजानता । । ३.८० । ।<ref name=":0">Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 3]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>r̥ṣayaḥ pitaro devā bhūtānyatithayastathā । āśāsate kuṭumbibhyastebhyaḥ kāryaṁ vijānatā । । 3.80 । ।</blockquote>And the forefathers are to be worshiped by funeral offerings (Shraddha) - पितॄञ् श्राद्धैश्च | pitr̥̄ñ śrāddhaiśca | (Manu 3.81)<ref name=":0" />
It is said that, the sages, the forefathers, the gods, the Bhutas, and guests ask the householders (for offerings and gifts); hence he who knows (the law), must give to them (what is due to each). (Manu 3.80)<blockquote>ऋषयः पितरो देवा भूतान्यतिथयस्तथा । आशासते कुटुम्बिभ्यस्तेभ्यः कार्यं विजानता । । ३.८० । ।<ref name=":0">Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 3]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>r̥ṣayaḥ pitaro devā bhūtānyatithayastathā । āśāsate kuṭumbibhyastebhyaḥ kāryaṁ vijānatā । । 3.80 । ।</blockquote>And the forefathers are to be worshiped by funeral offerings (Shraddha) - पितॄञ् श्राद्धैश्च | pitr̥̄ñ śrāddhaiśca | (Manu 3.81)<ref name=":0" />
== श्राद्धकर्ता ॥ Who should perform Shraddha ? ==
* After performing the Pitruyajna, a Brahmana who keeps a sacred fire shall offer, month by month, on the new-moon day, the funeral sacrifice (Shraddha, called) Pindanvaharyaka. (Manu 3.122)
* After performing the Pitruyajna, a Brahmana who keeps a sacred fire shall offer, month by month, on the new-moon day, the funeral sacrifice (Shraddha, called) Pindanvaharyaka. (Manu 3.122)
<blockquote>पितृयज्ञं तु निर्वर्त्य विप्रश्चन्द्रक्षयेऽग्निमान् । पिण्डान्वाहार्यकं श्राद्धं कुर्यान्मासानुमासिकम् । । ३.१२२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>pitr̥yajñaṁ tu nirvartya vipraścandrakṣaye'gnimān । piṇḍānvāhāryakaṁ śrāddhaṁ kuryānmāsānumāsikam । । 3.122 । ।</blockquote>
<blockquote>पितृयज्ञं तु निर्वर्त्य विप्रश्चन्द्रक्षयेऽग्निमान् । पिण्डान्वाहार्यकं श्राद्धं कुर्यान्मासानुमासिकम् । । ३.१२२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>pitr̥yajñaṁ tu nirvartya vipraścandrakṣaye'gnimān । piṇḍānvāhāryakaṁ śrāddhaṁ kuryānmāsānumāsikam । । 3.122 । ।</blockquote>
== श्राद्धसामग्री ॥ The offerings of Shraddha ==
* One should, daily, perform a funeral sacrifice with food, or with water, or also with milk, roots, and fruits, and (thus) please the forefathers. (Manu 3.82)
* One should, daily, perform a funeral sacrifice with food, or with water, or also with milk, roots, and fruits, and (thus) please the forefathers. (Manu 3.82)
<blockquote>कुर्यादहरहः श्राद्धं अन्नाद्येनोदकेन वा । पयोमूलफलैर्वापि पितृभ्यः प्रीतिं आवहन् । । ३.८२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>kuryādaharahaḥ śrāddhaṁ annādyenodakena vā । payomūlaphalairvāpi pitr̥bhyaḥ prītiṁ āvahan । । 3.82 । ।</blockquote>
<blockquote>कुर्यादहरहः श्राद्धं अन्नाद्येनोदकेन वा । पयोमूलफलैर्वापि पितृभ्यः प्रीतिं आवहन् । । ३.८२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>kuryādaharahaḥ śrāddhaṁ annādyenodakena vā । payomūlaphalairvāpi pitr̥bhyaḥ prītiṁ āvahan । । 3.82 । ।</blockquote>
== श्राद्धनियमाः ॥ The Rules Governing Shraddha ==
* One should feed atleast one Brahmana in honour of the forefathers at (the Shraddha), which belongs to the five great sacrifices; but should not feed on that (occasion) any Brahmana on account of the Vaisvadeva offering. (Manu 3.83)
* One should feed atleast one Brahmana in honour of the forefathers at (the Shraddha), which belongs to the five great sacrifices; but should not feed on that (occasion) any Brahmana on account of the Vaisvadeva offering. (Manu 3.83)
<blockquote>एकं अप्याशयेद्विप्रं पित्रर्थे पाञ्चयज्ञिके । न चैवात्राशयेत्किं चिद्वैश्वदेवं प्रति द्विजम् । । ३.८३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>ekaṁ apyāśayedvipraṁ pitrarthe pāñcayajñike । na caivātrāśayetkiṁ cidvaiśvadevaṁ prati dvijam । । 3.83 । ।</blockquote>
<blockquote>एकं अप्याशयेद्विप्रं पित्रर्थे पाञ्चयज्ञिके । न चैवात्राशयेत्किं चिद्वैश्वदेवं प्रति द्विजम् । । ३.८३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>ekaṁ apyāśayedvipraṁ pitrarthe pāñcayajñike । na caivātrāśayetkiṁ cidvaiśvadevaṁ prati dvijam । । 3.83 । ।</blockquote>
* One must feed two (Brahmanas) at the offering to the gods, and three at the offering to the manes, or one only on either occasion; even a very wealthy man shall not be anxious (to entertain) a large company. (Manu 3.125) A large company destroys these five (advantages) the respectful treatment (of the invited, the propriety of) place and time, purity and (the selection of) virtuous Brahmana (guests); he therefore shall not seek (to entertain) a large company. (Manu 3.126)
* One must feed two (Brahmanas) at the offering to the gods, and three at the offering to the forefathers, or one only on either occasion; even a very wealthy man shall not be anxious (to entertain) a large company. (Manu 3.125) A large company destroys these five (advantages) the respectful treatment (of the invited, the propriety of) place and time, purity and (the selection of) virtuous Brahmana (guests); he therefore shall not seek (to entertain) a large company. (Manu 3.126)
<blockquote>द्वौ दैवे पितृकार्ये त्रीनेकैकं उभयत्र वा । भोजयेत्सुसमृद्धोऽपि न प्रसज्जेत विस्तरे । । ३.१२५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>सत्क्रियां देशकालौ च शौचं ब्राह्मणसंपदः । पञ्चैतान्विस्तरो हन्ति तस्मान्नेहेत विस्तरम् । । ३.१२६ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>dvau daive pitr̥kārye trīnekaikaṁ ubhayatra vā । bhojayetsusamr̥ddho'pi na prasajjeta vistare । । 3.125 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>satkriyāṁ deśakālau ca śaucaṁ brāhmaṇasaṁpadaḥ । pañcaitānvistaro hanti tasmānneheta vistaram । । 3.126 । ।</blockquote>
<blockquote>द्वौ दैवे पितृकार्ये त्रीनेकैकं उभयत्र वा । भोजयेत्सुसमृद्धोऽपि न प्रसज्जेत विस्तरे । । ३.१२५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>सत्क्रियां देशकालौ च शौचं ब्राह्मणसंपदः । पञ्चैतान्विस्तरो हन्ति तस्मान्नेहेत विस्तरम् । । ३.१२६ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>dvau daive pitr̥kārye trīnekaikaṁ ubhayatra vā । bhojayetsusamr̥ddho'pi na prasajjeta vistare । । 3.125 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>satkriyāṁ deśakālau ca śaucaṁ brāhmaṇasaṁpadaḥ । pañcaitānvistaro hanti tasmānneheta vistaram । । 3.126 । ।</blockquote>
* Famed is this rite for the dead, called (the sacrifice sacred to the manes (and performed) on the new-moon day; if a man is diligent in (performing) that, (the reward of) the rite for the dead, which is performed according to Smarta rules, reaches him constantly. (Manu 3.127)
* Let him feed even one learned man at (the sacrifice) to the gods, and one at (the sacrifice) to the forefathers; (thus) he will gain a rich reward, not (if he entertains) many who are unacquainted with the Veda. (Manu 3.129)
<blockquote>एकैकं अपि विद्वांसं दैवे पित्र्ये च भोजयेत् । पुष्कलं फलं आप्नोति नामन्त्रज्ञान्बहूनपि । । ३.१२९ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>ekaikaṁ api vidvāṁsaṁ daive pitrye ca bhojayet । puṣkalaṁ phalaṁ āpnoti nāmantrajñānbahūnapi । । 3.129 । ।</blockquote>
== श्राद्धफलम् ॥ The fruit of Shraddha ==
* Famed is this rite for the dead, called (the sacrifice sacred to the forefathers (and performed) on the new-moon day; if a man is diligent in (performing) that, (the reward of) the rite for the dead, which is performed according to Smarta rules, reaches him constantly. (Manu 3.127)
<blockquote>प्रथिता प्रेतकृत्यैषा पित्र्यं नाम विधुक्षये । तस्मिन्युक्तस्यैति नित्यं प्रेतकृत्यैव लौकिकी । । ३.१२७ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>prathitā pretakr̥tyaiṣā pitryaṁ nāma vidhukṣaye । tasminyuktasyaiti nityaṁ pretakr̥tyaiva laukikī । । 3.127 । ।</blockquote>
<blockquote>प्रथिता प्रेतकृत्यैषा पित्र्यं नाम विधुक्षये । तस्मिन्युक्तस्यैति नित्यं प्रेतकृत्यैव लौकिकी । । ३.१२७ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>prathitā pretakr̥tyaiṣā pitryaṁ nāma vidhukṣaye । tasminyuktasyaiti nityaṁ pretakr̥tyaiva laukikī । । 3.127 । ।</blockquote>
* Oblations to the gods and manes must be presented by the givers to a Srotriya alone; what is given to such a most worthy Brahmana yields great reward. (Manu 3.128)
* However, oblations to the gods and forefathers must be presented by the givers to a Shrotriya alone; what is given to such a most worthy Brahmana yields great reward. (Manu 3.128)
<blockquote>श्रोत्रियायैव देयानि हव्यकव्यानि दातृभिः । अर्हत्तमाय विप्राय तस्मै दत्तं महाफलम् । । ३.१२८ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>śrotriyāyaiva deyāni havyakavyāni dātr̥bhiḥ । arhattamāya viprāya tasmai dattaṁ mahāphalam । । 3.128 । ।</blockquote>
<blockquote>श्रोत्रियायैव देयानि हव्यकव्यानि दातृभिः । अर्हत्तमाय विप्राय तस्मै दत्तं महाफलम् । । ३.१२८ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>śrotriyāyaiva deyāni havyakavyāni dātr̥bhiḥ । arhattamāya viprāya tasmai dattaṁ mahāphalam । । 3.128 । ।</blockquote>8a.1 Feeding the brahmanas
I will fully declare what and how many (Brahmanas) must be fed on that (occasion), who must be avoided, and on what kinds of food (they shall dine). [v.3.124.]
I will fully declare what and how many (Brahmanas) must be fed on that (occasion), who must be avoided, and on what kinds of food (they shall dine). [v.3.124.]