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Line 1: + + − + − Manusmrti says,+ + − * The wise call the monthly funeral offering to the manes Anvaharya (to be offered after the cakes), and that must be carefully performed with the approved (sorts of) flesh (mentioned below). (Manu 3.123)+ − <blockquote>पितॄणां मासिकं श्राद्धं अन्वाहार्यं विदुर्बुधाः । तच्चामिषेणा कर्तव्यं प्रशस्तेन प्रयत्नतः । । ३.१२३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>pitr̥̄ṇāṁ māsikaṁ śrāddhaṁ anvāhāryaṁ vidurbudhāḥ । taccāmiṣeṇā kartavyaṁ praśastena prayatnataḥ । । 3.123 । ।</blockquote>+
→श्राद्धनियमाः ॥ The Rules Governing Shraddha: Adding subheadings and opening lines
Shraddha (Samskrit : श्राद्धम्) is the monthly funeral offering to the forefathers also called as Anvaharya (अन्वाहार्यम्).<blockquote>पितॄणां मासिकं श्राद्धं अन्वाहार्यं विदुर्बुधाः । । ३.१२३ । । pitr̥̄ṇāṁ māsikaṁ śrāddhaṁ anvāhāryaṁ vidurbudhāḥ । । 3.123 । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>
== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
It is said that, the sages, the forefathers, the gods, the Bhutas, and guests ask the householders (for offerings and gifts); hence he who knows (the law), must give to them (what is due to each). (Manu 3.80)<blockquote>ऋषयः पितरो देवा भूतान्यतिथयस्तथा । आशासते कुटुम्बिभ्यस्तेभ्यः कार्यं विजानता । । ३.८० । ।<ref name=":0">Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 3]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>r̥ṣayaḥ pitaro devā bhūtānyatithayastathā । āśāsate kuṭumbibhyastebhyaḥ kāryaṁ vijānatā । । 3.80 । ।</blockquote>And the forefathers are to be worshiped by funeral offerings (Shraddha) - पितॄञ् श्राद्धैश्च |<ref name=":0" /> pitr̥̄ñ śrāddhaiśca | (Manu 3.81)
It is said that, the sages, the forefathers, the gods, the Bhutas, and guests ask the householders (for offerings and gifts); hence he who knows (the law), must give to them (what is due to each). (Manu 3.80)<blockquote>ऋषयः पितरो देवा भूतान्यतिथयस्तथा । आशासते कुटुम्बिभ्यस्तेभ्यः कार्यं विजानता । । ३.८० । ।<ref name=":0">Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 3]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>r̥ṣayaḥ pitaro devā bhūtānyatithayastathā । āśāsate kuṭumbibhyastebhyaḥ kāryaṁ vijānatā । । 3.80 । ।</blockquote>And the forefathers are to be worshiped by funeral offerings (Shraddha) - पितॄञ् श्राद्धैश्च | pitr̥̄ñ śrāddhaiśca | (Manu 3.81)<ref name=":0" />
== श्राद्धनियमाः ॥ The Rules Governing Shraddha ==
== श्राद्धनियमाः ॥ The Rules Governing Shraddha ==
=== श्राद्धकर्ता ॥ Who should perform Shraddha ? ===
* After performing the Pitruyajna, a Brahmana who keeps a sacred fire shall offer, month by month, on the new-moon day, the funeral sacrifice (Shraddha, called) Pindanvaharyaka. (Manu 3.122)
* After performing the Pitruyajna, a Brahmana who keeps a sacred fire shall offer, month by month, on the new-moon day, the funeral sacrifice (Shraddha, called) Pindanvaharyaka. (Manu 3.122)
<blockquote>पितृयज्ञं तु निर्वर्त्य विप्रश्चन्द्रक्षयेऽग्निमान् । पिण्डान्वाहार्यकं श्राद्धं कुर्यान्मासानुमासिकम् । । ३.१२२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>pitr̥yajñaṁ tu nirvartya vipraścandrakṣaye'gnimān । piṇḍānvāhāryakaṁ śrāddhaṁ kuryānmāsānumāsikam । । 3.122 । ।</blockquote>
<blockquote>पितृयज्ञं तु निर्वर्त्य विप्रश्चन्द्रक्षयेऽग्निमान् । पिण्डान्वाहार्यकं श्राद्धं कुर्यान्मासानुमासिकम् । । ३.१२२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>pitr̥yajñaṁ tu nirvartya vipraścandrakṣaye'gnimān । piṇḍānvāhāryakaṁ śrāddhaṁ kuryānmāsānumāsikam । । 3.122 । ।</blockquote>
=== श्राद्धसामग्री ॥ The offerings of Shraddha ===
* One should, daily, perform a funeral sacrifice with food, or with water, or also with milk, roots, and fruits, and (thus) please the forefathers. (Manu 3.82)
* One should, daily, perform a funeral sacrifice with food, or with water, or also with milk, roots, and fruits, and (thus) please the forefathers. (Manu 3.82)
<blockquote>कुर्यादहरहः श्राद्धं अन्नाद्येनोदकेन वा । पयोमूलफलैर्वापि पितृभ्यः प्रीतिं आवहन् । । ३.८२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>kuryādaharahaḥ śrāddhaṁ annādyenodakena vā । payomūlaphalairvāpi pitr̥bhyaḥ prītiṁ āvahan । । 3.82 । ।</blockquote>
<blockquote>कुर्यादहरहः श्राद्धं अन्नाद्येनोदकेन वा । पयोमूलफलैर्वापि पितृभ्यः प्रीतिं आवहन् । । ३.८२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>kuryādaharahaḥ śrāddhaṁ annādyenodakena vā । payomūlaphalairvāpi pitr̥bhyaḥ prītiṁ āvahan । । 3.82 । ।</blockquote>