Changes

=== प्रोक्तः ===

=== प्रोक्तः ===

* न नरेणावरेण प्रोक्त एषसुविज्ञेयो बहुधा चिन्त्यमानः ।अनन्यप्रोक्ते गतिरत्र नास्तिअणीयान् ह्यतर्क्यमणुप्रमाणात् ॥ ८॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.8)  

* न नरेणावरेण प्रोक्त एषसुविज्ञेयो बहुधा चिन्त्यमानः ।अनन्यप्रोक्ते गतिरत्र नास्तिअणीयान् ह्यतर्क्यमणुप्रमाणात् ॥ ८॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.8)  

Meaning - Yama says "Knowledge of Atma (Brahman, Self) when explained by one who is covered by (possesses) worldly knowledge, who thinks of it (self) in diverse ways, it cannot be grasped. To those seeking Atmavidya, such a man is one with an inferior intellect. When explained by a preceptor who attains oneness with Brahman, there exists no scope of doubts, as subtler than the measure of atom, Atma is not sought by argument or tarka.<ref>Saraswati, Sw. Sivananda, (1936). ''Dialogues from Upanishads.''Amritsar: Em. Airi, Editor Ideal Home Magazine.</ref><ref name=":122">Vasu, Siris Chandra. (1905). ''[https://archive.org/stream/KathaUpanisad/Katha_upani%E1%B9%A3ad#page/n11/mode/1up Kathopanishad].'' Allahabad: Allahabad Press.</ref> Here Yama explains the qualities of a preceptor of Atmavidya.

Meaning - Yama says "Knowledge of Atma (Brahman, Self) when explained by one who is covered by (possesses) worldly knowledge, who thinks of it (self) in diverse ways, it cannot be grasped. To those seeking Atmavidya, such a man is one with an inferior intellect. When explained by a preceptor who attains oneness with Brahman, there exists no scope of doubts, as subtler than the measure of atom, Atma is not sought by argument or tarka.<ref name=":1">Saraswati, Sw. Sivananda, (1936). ''Dialogues from Upanishads.''Amritsar: Em. Airi, Editor Ideal Home Magazine.</ref><ref name=":122">Vasu, Siris Chandra. (1905). ''[https://archive.org/stream/KathaUpanisad/Katha_upani%E1%B9%A3ad#page/n11/mode/1up Kathopanishad].'' Allahabad: Allahabad Press.</ref> Here Yama explains the qualities of a preceptor of Atmavidya.

=== आत्मगुण ===

=== आत्मगुण ===

* तं दुर्दर्शं गूढमनुप्रविष्टंगुहाहितं गह्वरेष्ठं पुराणम् ।अध्यात्मयोगाधिगमेन देवंमत्वा धीरो हर्षशोकौ जहाति ॥ १२॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.12)

* तं दुर्दर्शं गूढमनुप्रविष्टंगुहाहितं गह्वरेष्ठं पुराणम् ।अध्यात्मयोगाधिगमेन देवंमत्वा धीरो हर्षशोकौ जहाति ॥ १२॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.12)

* सर्वे वेदा यत्पदमामनन्तितपाँ्सि सर्वाणि च यद्वदन्ति ।यदिच्छन्तो ब्रह्मचर्यं चरन्तितत्ते पदँ् सङ्ग्रहेण ब्रवीम्योमित्येतत् ॥ १५ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.15)

* सर्वे वेदा यत्पदमामनन्तितपाँ्सि सर्वाणि च यद्वदन्ति ।यदिच्छन्तो ब्रह्मचर्यं चरन्तितत्ते पदँ् सङ्ग्रहेण ब्रवीम्योमित्येतत् ॥ १५ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.15)

Meaning: Yama speaks "The goal which all the Vedas unequivocally extol, which all acts of tapas (penances) speak of, desiring to achieve which one (sadhakas) leads a life of brahmacharya, that goal (word), I will comprehensively tell, is '''ॐ ॥ OM''' <ref name=":222" />

Meaning: Yama speaks "The goal which all the Vedas unequivocally extol, which all acts of tapas (penances) speak of, desiring to achieve which one (sadhakas) leads a life of brahmacharya, that goal (word), I will comprehensively tell, is '''ॐ ॥ OM''' <ref name=":222" />

* एतद्ध्येवाक्षरं ब्रह्म एतद्ध्येवाक्षरं परम् । एतद्ध्येवाक्षरं ज्ञात्वा यो यदिच्छति तस्य तत् ॥ १६॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.16)<blockquote>etaddhyevākṣaraṁ brahma etaddhyevākṣaraṁ param । etaddhyevākṣaraṁ jñātvā yo yadicchati tasya tat ॥ 16॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.16)</blockquote>Meaning : This letter '''ॐ ॥ OM''' '''is Brahman''', this indeed stands for the supreme. Knowing which one letter, one obtains what he desires. The knowledge, untouched by the outer objects, reveals itself to the man of concentrated mind on the utterance of the word OM<ref name=":322" />.

* एतद्ध्येवाक्षरं ब्रह्म एतद्ध्येवाक्षरं परम् । एतद्ध्येवाक्षरं ज्ञात्वा यो यदिच्छति तस्य तत् ॥ १६॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.16)<blockquote>etaddhyevākṣaraṁ brahma etaddhyevākṣaraṁ param । etaddhyevākṣaraṁ jñātvā yo yadicchati tasya tat ॥ 16॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.16)</blockquote>

Meaning : This letter '''ॐ ॥ OM''' '''is Brahman''', this indeed stands for the supreme. Knowing which one letter, one obtains what he desires. The knowledge, untouched by the outer objects, reveals itself to the man of concentrated mind on the utterance of the word OM<ref name=":322" />.

 

=== आत्मतत्त्वम् ===

=== आत्मतत्त्वम् ===

Mantras 17 to 25 of Kathopanishad (1st Adhyaya 2nd Valli) reveal the आत्मतत्त्वम् ॥ Atmatattva elucidated by Yama. Some of the most discoursed mantras are given in this Upanishad.   

Mantras 17 to 25 of Kathopanishad (1st Adhyaya 2nd Valli) reveal the आत्मतत्त्वम् ॥ Atmatattva elucidated by Yama. Some of the most discoursed mantras are given in this Upanishad.   

 

* न जायते म्रियते वा विपश्चिन्नायं कुतश्चिन्न बभूव कश्चित् ।अजो नित्यः शाश्वतोऽयं पुराणोन हन्यते हन्यमाने शरीरे ॥ १८ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.18)

न जायते म्रियते वा विपश्चिन्नायं कुतश्चिन्न बभूव कश्चित् ।अजो नित्यः शाश्वतोऽयं पुराणोन हन्यते हन्यमाने शरीरे ॥ १८ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.18)

Meaning : Atma is neither born nor dies, does not originate from any cause, nor does it give rise to anything, It is अजः ॥ birthless, नित्यः ॥ eternal, शाश्वतः॥ everlasting, पुराणः॥ ancient (time immemorial). It is not killed - nor injured even when the body is killed.<ref name=":322" />

Meaning : Atma is neither born nor dies, does not originate from any cause, nor does it give rise to anything, It is अजः ॥ birthless, नित्यः ॥ eternal, शाश्वतः॥ everlasting, पुराणः॥ ancient (time immemorial). It is not killed - nor injured even when the body is killed.<ref name=":322" />

 

* नायँ हन्ति न हन्यते ॥ १९ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.19)

नायँ हन्ति न हन्यते ॥ १९ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.19)

Meaning : It does not kill nor gets killed.  

Meaning : It does not kill nor gets killed.  

=== Realized state ===

=== Realized state ===

अणोरणीयान्महतो महीया-नात्माऽस्य जन्तोर्निहितो गुहायाम् । तमक्रतुः पश्यति वीतशोको धातुप्रसादान्महिमानमात्मनः ॥ २० (Kath. Upan. 1.2.20)

* अणोरणीयान्महतो महीया-नात्माऽस्य जन्तोर्निहितो गुहायाम् । तमक्रतुः पश्यति वीतशोको धातुप्रसादान्महिमानमात्मनः ॥ २० (Kath. Upan. 1.2.20)

 

Meaning : Atma is subtler than the subtle forms (atoms), greater than the greater substances (such as earth), deeply seated in the heart of every living creature (from Brahma down to an insect). A desireless man (one whose consciousness has been diverted from all external objects, seen or unseen) sees (directly realizes), the glory of Atma, absolved from grief (becomes composed).<ref name=":222" /><ref name=":0" />  

Meaning : Atma is subtler than the subtle forms (atoms), greater than the greater substances (such as earth), deeply seated in the heart of every living creature (from Brahma down to an insect). A desireless man (one whose consciousness has been diverted from all external objects, seen or unseen) sees (directly realizes), the glory of Atma, absolved from grief (becomes composed).<ref name=":222" /><ref name=":0" />

Thus, Atma is beyond measurement.

Thus, Atma is beyond measurement.

 

* आसीनो दूरं व्रजति शयानो याति सर्वतः ।कस्तं मदामदं देवं मदन्यो ज्ञातुमर्हति ॥ २१॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.21)

आसीनो दूरं व्रजति शयानो याति सर्वतः ।कस्तं मदामदं देवं मदन्यो ज्ञातुमर्हति ॥ २१॥ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.21)

 

Meaning : Sitting (at one place), it can go far, lying down yet It can go everywhere. Who else but I can comprehend that joyful and joyless (mutually opposed qualities) Atma (here Devam represent the Supreme state). <ref name=":322" />  

Meaning : Sitting (at one place), it can go far, lying down yet It can go everywhere. Who else but I can comprehend that joyful and joyless (mutually opposed qualities) Atma (here Devam represent the Supreme state). <ref name=":322" />  

It is only by persons of subtle intellect and learning that the Atman can be known. Thus, Atma is untouched the experiences of bodily states which are of mutually opposing nature.<ref name=":0" />

It is only by persons of subtle intellect and learning that the Atman can be known. Thus, Atma is untouched the experiences of bodily states which are of mutually opposing nature.<ref name=":0" />

 

* अशरीरँ शरीरेष्वनवस्थेष्ववस्थितम् । महान्तं विभुमात्मानं मत्वा धीरो न शोचति ॥ २२ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.22)

अशरीरँ शरीरेष्वनवस्थेष्ववस्थितम् ।महान्तं विभुमात्मानं मत्वा धीरो न शोचति ॥ २२ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.22)

 

Meaning :  

Meaning :  

 

* नाविरतो दुश्चरितान्नाशान्तो नासमाहितः ।नाशान्तमानसो वाऽपि प्रज्ञानेनैनमाप्नुयात् ॥ २४ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.24)

 

नाविरतो दुश्चरितान्नाशान्तो नासमाहितः ।नाशान्तमानसो वाऽपि प्रज्ञानेनैनमाप्नुयात् ॥ २४ (Kath. Upan. 1.2.24)

First Adhyaya Third Valli mantra 15  

First Adhyaya Third Valli mantra 15