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Line 44: − + − वैवस्वतो यमः। यमः,६ अङ्गिरःपित्रथर्वभृगुसोमाः,७-९ लिङ्गोक्तदेवताः पितरो वा,१०-१२ श्वानौ। त्रिष्टुप्,१३,१४,१६, अनुष्टुप्, १५ बृहती।+ − − परेयिवांसं प्रवतो महीरनु बहुभ्यः पन्थामनुपस्पशानम | वैवस्वतं संगमनं जनानां यमं राजानं हविषा दुवस्य || 1 − − pareyivāṁsaṁ pravato mahīranu bahubhyaḥ panthāmanupaspaśānama | vaivasvataṁ saṁgamanaṁ janānāṁ yamaṁ rājānaṁ haviṣā duvasya || 1 − − यमो नो गातुं प्रथमो विवेद नैषा गव्यूतिरपभर्तवा उ | यत्रा नः पूर्वे पितरः परेयुरेना जज्ञानाः पथ्या अनु सवाः || 2 − − yamo no gātuṁ prathamo viveda naiṣā gavyūtirapabhartavā u | yatrā naḥ pūrve pitaraḥ pareyurenā jajñānāḥ pathyā anu savāḥ || 2 − − मातली कव्यैर्यमो अङगिरोभिर्बृहस्पतिऋक्वभिर्वावृधानः | याँश्च देवा वावृधुर्ये च देवान्त्स्वाहान्ये स्वधयान्ये मदन्ति || 3 − − mātalī kavyairyamo aṅagirobhirbr̥haspatir̥kvabhirvāvr̥dhānaḥ | yām̐śca − devā vāvr̥dhurye ca devāntsvāhānye svadhayānye madanti || 3 − − इमं यम प्रस्तरमा हि सीदाऽङगिरोभिः पित्र्भिःसंविदानः | आ त्वा मन्त्राः कविशस्ता वहन्त्वेना राजन्हविषा मादयस्व || 4 − − imaṁ yama prastaramā hi sīdā'ṅagirobhiḥ pitrbhiḥsaṁvidānaḥ | ā tvā mantrāḥ kaviśastā vahantvenā rājanhaviṣā mādayasva || 4 − − अङगिरोभिरा गहि यज्ञियेभिर्यम वैरूपैरिह मादयस्व | विवस्वन्तं हुवे यः पिता तेऽस्मिन्यज्ञे बर्हिष्यानिषद्य || 5 − − aṅagirobhirā gahi yajñiyebhiryama vairūpairiha mādayasva | vivasvantaṁ huve yaḥ pitā te'sminyajñe barhiṣyāniṣadya || 5 − − अङगिरसो नः पितरो नवग्वा अथर्वाणो भृगवः सोम्यासः | तेषां वयं सुमतौ यज्ञियानामपि भद्रे सौमनसेस्याम || 6 − − aṅagiraso naḥ pitaro navagvā atharvāṇo bhr̥gavaḥ somyāsaḥ | teṣāṁ vayaṁ sumatau yajñiyānāmapi bhadre saumanasesyāma || 6 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − यौ ते श्वानौ यम रक्षितारौ चतुरक्षौ पथिरक्षी नृचक्षसौ | ताभ्यामेनं परि देहि राजन्त्स्वस्ति चास्मानमीवं च धेहि || 11 − − yau te śvānau yama rakṣitārau caturakṣau pathirakṣī nr̥cakṣasau | tābhyāmenaṁ pari dehi rājantsvasti cāsmānamīvaṁ ca dhehi || 11 − − उरूणसावसुतृपा उदुम्बलौ यमस्य दूतौ चरतो जनाँ अनु | तावस्मभ्यं दृशये सूर्याय पुनर्दातामसुमद्येह भद्रम || 12 − − urūṇasāvasutr̥pā udumbalau yamasya dūtau carato janām̐ anu | tāvasmabhyaṁ dr̥śaye sūryāya punardātāmasumadyeha bhadrama || 12 − − यमाय सोमं सुनुत यमय जुहुता हविः | यमँ ह यज्ञो गच्छत्यग्निदूतो अरंकृत || 13 − − yamāya somaṁ sunuta yamaya juhutā haviḥ | yamam̐ ha yajño gacchatyagnidūto araṁkr̥ta || 13 − − यमाय घृतवद्धविर्जुहोत प्र च तिष्ठत | स नोदेवेष्वा यमद्दीर्घमायुः प्र जीवसे || 14 − − yamāya ghr̥tavaddhavirjuhota pra ca tiṣṭhata | sa nodeveṣvā yamaddīrghamāyuḥ pra jīvase || 14 − − यमाय मधुमत्तमं राज्ञे हव्यं जुहोतन | इदं नमर्षिभ्यः पूर्वजेभ्यः पूर्वेभ्यः पथिकृद्भ्यः || 15 − − yamāya madhumattamaṁ rājñe havyaṁ juhotana | idaṁ namarṣibhyaḥ pūrvajebhyaḥ pūrvebhyaḥ pathikr̥dbhyaḥ || 15 − − त्रिकद्रुकेभिः पतति षळ उर्वीरेकमिद्बृहत | त्रिष्टुब्गायत्री छन्दांसि सर्वा ता यम आहिता || 16 (Rig. Veda. 10.14). − − trikadrukebhiḥ patati ṣaḻa urvīrekamidbr̥hata | triṣṭubgāyatrī chandāṁsi sarvā tā yama āhitā || 16 (Rig. Veda. 10.14). − − Line 151:
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Sayanacharaya explains that Yama controls the middle planet Antariksha where exists the Yamaloka also described as Paravyoma, it is the higher plane of existence for the dead, who along with the pitris (ancestors) reside in this place for which Yama is the palaka (governor). Thus, Yamaloka and the Pitruloka are under the control of Yama.
Sayanacharaya explains that Yama controls the middle planet Antariksha where exists the Yamaloka also described as Paravyoma, it is the higher plane of existence for the dead, who along with the pitris (ancestors) reside in this place for which Yama is the palaka (governor). Thus, Yamaloka and the Pitruloka are under the control of Yama.
=== Yama Sukta यम सूक्त ===
=== यम सूक्त || Yama Sukta ===
<blockquote>प्रेहि प्रेहि पथिभिः पूर्व्येभिर्यत्रा नः पूर्वे पितरःपरेयुः | उभा राजाना स्वधया मदन्ता यमं पश्यासिवरुणं च देवम || 7</blockquote><blockquote>prehi prehi pathibhiḥ pūrvyebhiryatrā naḥ pūrve pitaraḥpareyuḥ | ubhā rājānā svadhayā madantā yamaṁ paśyāsivaruṇaṁ ca devama || 7</blockquote><blockquote>सं गच्छस्व पित्र्भिः सं यमेनेष्टापूर्तेन परमेव्योमन् | हित्वायावद्यं पुनरस्तमेहि सं गच्छस्व तन्वासुवर्चाः || 8</blockquote><blockquote>saṁ gacchasva pitrbhiḥ saṁ yameneṣṭāpūrtena paramevyoman | hitvāyāvadyaṁ punarastamehi saṁ gacchasva tanvāsuvarcāḥ || 8</blockquote><blockquote>अपेत वीत वि च सर्पतातोऽस्मा एतं पितरो लोकमक्रन् | अहोभिरद्भिरक्तुभिर्व्यक्तं यमो ददात्यवसानमस्मै || 9</blockquote><blockquote>apeta vīta vi ca sarpatāto'smā etaṁ pitaro lokamakran | ahobhiradbhiraktubhirvyaktaṁ yamo dadātyavasānamasmai || 9</blockquote><blockquote>अति द्रव सारमेयौ श्वानौ चतुरक्षौ शबलौ साधुना पथा | अथा पितॄन्त्सुविदत्रानुपेहि यमेन ये सधमादं मदन्ति || 10 16 (Rig. Veda. 10.14)</blockquote><blockquote>ati drava sārameyau śvānau caturakṣau śabalau sādhunā pathā | athā pitr̥̄ntsuvidatrānupehi yamena ye sadhamādaṁ madanti || 10 (Rig. Veda. 10.14)</blockquote>'''Brief Summary''' '''of the Sukta:''' This is a sukta in honor of Yama. We honor Yama, Vivasvan's son, who gathers all men together, and shows them a place to stay. He travels above and shows the path to many. Men may chose their own path to their ancestors (based on their deeds). Along with the Angirasas, Atharvans, Bhrigus, Yama is invited to have Soma. All the meters Tristub, Gayatri are contained in Yama. Mantra 8 and 9 in this sukta explain that Yamaloka is an abode for the ancestors, where they are given a place to rest with light and water.
प्रेहि प्रेहि पथिभिः पूर्व्येभिर्यत्रा नः पूर्वे पितरःपरेयुः | उभा राजाना स्वधया मदन्ता यमं पश्यासिवरुणं च देवम || 7
prehi prehi pathibhiḥ pūrvyebhiryatrā naḥ pūrve pitaraḥpareyuḥ | ubhā
rājānā svadhayā madantā yamaṁ paśyāsivaruṇaṁ ca devama || 7
सं गच्छस्व पित्र्भिः सं यमेनेष्टापूर्तेन परमेव्योमन् | हित्वायावद्यं पुनरस्तमेहि सं गच्छस्व तन्वासुवर्चाः || 8
saṁ gacchasva pitrbhiḥ saṁ yameneṣṭāpūrtena paramevyoman | hitvāyāvadyaṁ punarastamehi saṁ gacchasva tanvāsuvarcāḥ || 8
अपेत वीत वि च सर्पतातोऽस्मा एतं पितरो लोकमक्रन् | अहोभिरद्भिरक्तुभिर्व्यक्तं यमो ददात्यवसानमस्मै || 9
apeta vīta vi ca sarpatāto'smā etaṁ pitaro lokamakran | ahobhiradbhiraktubhirvyaktaṁ yamo dadātyavasānamasmai || 9
अति द्रव सारमेयौ श्वानौ चतुरक्षौ शबलौ साधुना पथा | अथा पितॄन्त्सुविदत्रानुपेहि यमेन ये सधमादं मदन्ति || 10
ati drava sārameyau śvānau caturakṣau śabalau sādhunā pathā | athā pitr̥̄ntsuvidatrānupehi yamena ye sadhamādaṁ madanti || 10
'''Brief Summary''' '''of the Sukta:''' This is a sukta in honor of Yama. We honor Yama, Vivasvan's son, who gathers all men together, and shows them a place to stay. He travels above and shows the path to many. Men may chose their own path to their ancestors (based on their deeds). Along with the Angirasas, Atharvans, Bhrigus, Yama is invited to have Soma. All the meters Tristub, Gayatri are contained in Yama. Mantra 8 and 9 in this sukta explain that Yamaloka is an abode for the ancestors, where they are given a place to rest with light and water.
Therefore, it should not be hastily construed that Yamaloka is the land of suffering alone. This larger understanding as explained in the Vedas demolishes the common notions prevalent among people, that Yamaloka is an infernal place. However it should be emphasized that Naraka does exist and Yamadeva oversees the activities there.
Therefore, it should not be hastily construed that Yamaloka is the land of suffering alone. This larger understanding as explained in the Vedas demolishes the common notions prevalent among people, that Yamaloka is an infernal place. However it should be emphasized that Naraka does exist and Yamadeva oversees the activities there.
Scriptures like Dharma Sindhu says that this Tharpana should be given by one and all irrespective of the fact whether father is alive or not. In case father is not alive it can be given in Savya/Apasavya position as said above. In case father is alive, it should be given with water and rice with Yagnopaveetham in Savya position.
Scriptures like Dharma Sindhu says that this Tharpana should be given by one and all irrespective of the fact whether father is alive or not. In case father is not alive it can be given in Savya/Apasavya position as said above. In case father is alive, it should be given with water and rice with Yagnopaveetham in Savya position.
== References ==
== References ==
# VSP
# Narayanacharya, K. S. (2011). ''Veda Samskrita Parichaya''. Hubli:Sahitya Prakashana.
# The Mahabharata, Book 13: Anusasana Parva: Section 68
# The Mahabharata, Book 13: Anusasana Parva: Section 68