Changes

Each chapter of the Taittiriya Upanishad is called a ''Valli'' (वल्ली), which literally means a medicinal [[vine]]-like climbing plant that grows independently yet is attached to a main tree. Paul Deussen states that this symbolic terminology is apt and likely reflects the root and nature of the Taittiriya Upanishad, which too is largely independent of the liturgical Yajur Veda, and is attached to the main text.<ref name="pauldeussen" />

Each chapter of the Taittiriya Upanishad is called a ''Valli'' (वल्ली), which literally means a medicinal [[vine]]-like climbing plant that grows independently yet is attached to a main tree. Paul Deussen states that this symbolic terminology is apt and likely reflects the root and nature of the Taittiriya Upanishad, which too is largely independent of the liturgical Yajur Veda, and is attached to the main text.<ref name="pauldeussen" />

Advaitins consider that Taittiriya Upanishad has only three chapters: the ''Siksha Valli'', the ''Ananda Valli'' and the ''Bhrigu Valli''.<ref name=":1">Insights Into the Taittiriya Upanishad, Dr. K. S. Narayanacharya, Published by Kautilya Institute of National Studies, Mysore, Page 20</ref> Visistadvaitins, consider that there is a fourth chapter also - Yajniki Chapter. This fourth chapter is designated by them as तैत्तिरीय नारायणीयं.<ref name=":1" />

Advaitins consider that Taittiriya Upanishad has only three chapters: the ''Siksha Valli'', the ''Ananda Valli'' and the ''Bhrigu Valli''.<ref name=":1">Insights Into the Taittiriya Upanishad, Dr. K. S. Narayanacharya, Published by Kautilya Institute of National Studies, Mysore, Page 20</ref> Visistadvaitins, consider that there is a fourth chapter also - Yajniki Chapter. This fourth chapter is designated by them as तैत्तिरीय नारायणीयं.<ref name=":1" />

The four chapters have another structure also.  

The four chapters have another structure also.  

=== Alternate structure ===

=== Alternate structure<ref name=":2">Insights Into the Taittiriya

Studies, Mysore, Page 21 </ref> ===

The Four chapters can also be arranged as:

The Four chapters can also be arranged as:

* Samhiti "Upnaishad" (This comprises of Siksha Valli)

* Samhiti "Upnaishad" (This comprises of Siksha Valli)

* Varuni "Upanishad" (This comprises of Ananda and Bhrgu Vallis)

* Varuni "Upanishad" (This comprises of Ananda and Bhrgu Vallis)

* Yajniki  

* Yajniki  

The first chapter Siksha alli includes twelve ''Anuvaka'' (lessons). The second chapter ''Ananda Valli'', sometimes called ''Brahmananda Valli'' includes nine verses.<ref name="maxmullerbv">Max Muller, The [[Sacred Books of the East]], Volume 15, Oxford University Press, Chapter 3: Taittiriya Upanishad, [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/sbe15/sbe15005.htm Archived Online]</ref> The third chapter ''Bhrigu Valli'' consists of ten verses.<ref>Original: [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/तैत्तिरीयोपनिषद् Taittiriya Upanishad] (Sanskrit);<br>'''English Translation''': Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814684, pages 220-246</ref>

The first chapter Siksha alli includes twelve ''Anuvaka'' (lessons). The second chapter ''Ananda Valli'', sometimes called ''Brahmananda Valli'' includes nine verses.<ref name="maxmullerbv">Max Muller, The [[Sacred Books of the East]], Volume 15, Oxford University Press, Chapter 3: Taittiriya Upanishad, [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/sbe15/sbe15005.htm Archived Online]</ref> The third chapter ''Bhrigu Valli'' consists of ten verses.<ref>Original: [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/तैत्तिरीयोपनिषद् Taittiriya Upanishad] (Sanskrit);<br>'''English Translation''': Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814684, pages 220-246</ref>

===Shiksha Valli===

===Shiksha Valli===

The Siksha Valli chapter of Taittiriya Upanishad derives its name from [[Shiksha]] (Sanskrit: शिक्षा), which literally means "instruction, education".<ref>[http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=zikSA&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0 zikSA] Sanskrit English Dictionary, Cologne University, Germany</ref> The various lessons of this first chapter are related to education of students in ancient Vedic era of India, their initiation into a school and their responsibilities after graduation.<ref>CP Bhatta (2009), Holistic Personality Development through Education: Ancient Indian Cultural Experiences, Journal of Human Values, vol. 15, no. 1, pages 49-59</ref> It mentions lifelong "pursuit of knowledge", includes hints of "Self-knowledge", but is largely independent of the second and third chapter of the Upanishad which discuss [[Ātman (Hinduism)|Atman]] and Self-knowledge. Paul Deussen states that the ''Shiksha Valli'' was likely the earliest chapter composed of this Upanishad, and the text grew over time with additional chapters.<ref name=pauldeussensv>Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814684, pages 220-231</ref>

The Siksha Valli chapter of Taittiriya Upanishad derives its name from [[Shiksha]] (Sanskrit: शिक्षा), which literally means "instruction, education".<ref>[http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=zikSA&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0 zikSA] Sanskrit English Dictionary, Cologne University, Germany</ref> The various lessons of this first chapter are related to education of students in ancient Vedic era of India, their initiation into a school and their responsibilities after graduation.<ref>CP Bhatta (2009), Holistic Personality Development through Education: Ancient Indian Cultural Experiences, Journal of Human Values, vol. 15, no. 1, pages 49-59</ref> It mentions lifelong "pursuit of knowledge", includes hints of "Self-knowledge", but is largely independent of the second and third chapter of the Upanishad which discuss [[Ātman (Hinduism)|Atman]] and Self-knowledge. Paul Deussen states that the ''Shiksha Valli'' was likely the earliest chapter composed of this Upanishad, and the text grew over time with additional chapters.<ref name=pauldeussensv>Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814684, pages 220-231</ref>

The Siksha Valli includes promises by students entering the Vedic school, an outline of basic course content, the nature of advanced courses and creative work from human relationships, ethical and social responsibilities of the teacher and the students, the role of breathing and proper pronunciation of Vedic literature, the duties and ethical precepts that the graduate must live up to post-graduation.<ref name=pauldeussensv/><ref>[https://archive.org/stream/AitareyataittiriyaUpanishadsWithShankaraBhashya-English/05AitareyataittiriyaUpanishadsWithShankaraBhashya-English#page/n61/mode/2up Aitareya and Taittiriya Upanishads with Shankara Bhashya] SA Sastri (Translator), pages 56-192</ref>

The Siksha Valli includes promises by students entering the Vedic school, an outline of basic course content, the nature of advanced courses and creative work from human relationships, ethical and social responsibilities of the teacher and the students, the role of breathing and proper pronunciation of Vedic literature, the duties and ethical precepts that the graduate must live up to post-graduation.<ref name=pauldeussensv/><ref>[https://archive.org/stream/AitareyataittiriyaUpanishadsWithShankaraBhashya-English/05AitareyataittiriyaUpanishadsWithShankaraBhashya-English#page/n61/mode/2up Aitareya and Taittiriya Upanishads with Shankara Bhashya] SA Sastri (Translator), pages 56-192</ref>