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|To the north
 
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<blockquote>ततः परं गन्ध-माल्य-रस-पण्याः प्रसाधन-कारवः क्षत्रियाश्च पूर्वां दिशं अधिवसेयुः ।। ०२.४.०९ ।।</blockquote><blockquote>दक्षिण-पूर्वं भागं भाण्ड-अगारं अक्ष-पटलं कर्म-निषद्याश्च । दक्षिण-पश्चिमं भागं कुप्य-गृहं आयुध-अगारं च ।। ०२.४.१० ।।</blockquote><blockquote>पक्व-अन्न-सुरा-मांस-पण्या रूपाजीवास्तालावचरा वैश्याश्च दक्षिणां दिशं अधिवसेयुः ।। ०२.४.११ ।।</blockquote><blockquote>ततः परं ऊर्णा-सूत्र-वेणु-चर्म-वर्म-शस्त्र-आवरण-कारवः शूद्राश्च पश्चिमां दिशं अधिवसेयुः ।। ०२.४.१३ ।।</blockquote><blockquote>लोह-मणि-कारवो ब्राह्मणाश्चौत्तरां दिशं अधिवसेयुः ।। ०२.४.१५ ।।<ref>Kautilya, Arthashastra, Adhikarana 2, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AA Adhyaya 4].</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''tataḥ paraṁ gandha-mālya-rasa-paṇyāḥ prasādhana-kāravaḥ kṣatriyāśca pūrvāṁ diśaṁ adhivaseyuḥ ।। 02.4.09 ।।''</blockquote><blockquote>''dakṣiṇa-pūrvaṁ bhāgaṁ bhāṇḍa-agāraṁ akṣa-paṭalaṁ karma-niṣadyāśca । dakṣiṇa-paścimaṁ bhāgaṁ kupya-gr̥haṁ āyudha-agāraṁ ca ।। 02.4.10 ।।''</blockquote><blockquote>''pakva-anna-surā-māṁsa-paṇyā rūpājīvāstālāvacarā vaiśyāśca dakṣiṇāṁ diśaṁ adhivaseyuḥ ।। 02.4.11 ।।''</blockquote><blockquote>''tataḥ paraṁ ūrṇā-sūtra-veṇu-carma-varma-śastra-āvaraṇa-kāravaḥ śūdrāśca paścimāṁ diśaṁ adhivaseyuḥ ।। 02.4.13 ।।''</blockquote><blockquote>''loha-maṇi-kāravo brāhmaṇāścauttarāṁ diśaṁ adhivaseyuḥ ।। 02.4.15 ।।''</blockquote>
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<blockquote>ततः परं गन्ध-माल्य-रस-पण्याः प्रसाधन-कारवः क्षत्रियाश्च पूर्वां दिशं अधिवसेयुः ।। ०२.४.०९ ।।</blockquote><blockquote>दक्षिण-पूर्वं भागं भाण्ड-अगारं अक्ष-पटलं कर्म-निषद्याश्च । दक्षिण-पश्चिमं भागं कुप्य-गृहं आयुध-अगारं च ।। ०२.४.१० ।।</blockquote><blockquote>पक्व-अन्न-सुरा-मांस-पण्या रूपाजीवास्तालावचरा वैश्याश्च दक्षिणां दिशं अधिवसेयुः ।। ०२.४.११ ।।</blockquote><blockquote>ततः परं ऊर्णा-सूत्र-वेणु-चर्म-वर्म-शस्त्र-आवरण-कारवः शूद्राश्च पश्चिमां दिशं अधिवसेयुः ।। ०२.४.१३ ।।</blockquote><blockquote>लोह-मणि-कारवो ब्राह्मणाश्चौत्तरां दिशं अधिवसेयुः ।। ०२.४.१५ ।।<ref name=":4">Kautilya, Arthashastra, Adhikarana 2, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AA Adhyaya 4].</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''tataḥ paraṁ gandha-mālya-rasa-paṇyāḥ prasādhana-kāravaḥ kṣatriyāśca pūrvāṁ diśaṁ adhivaseyuḥ ।। 02.4.09 ।।''</blockquote><blockquote>''dakṣiṇa-pūrvaṁ bhāgaṁ bhāṇḍa-agāraṁ akṣa-paṭalaṁ karma-niṣadyāśca । dakṣiṇa-paścimaṁ bhāgaṁ kupya-gr̥haṁ āyudha-agāraṁ ca ।। 02.4.10 ।।''</blockquote><blockquote>''pakva-anna-surā-māṁsa-paṇyā rūpājīvāstālāvacarā vaiśyāśca dakṣiṇāṁ diśaṁ adhivaseyuḥ ।। 02.4.11 ।।''</blockquote><blockquote>''tataḥ paraṁ ūrṇā-sūtra-veṇu-carma-varma-śastra-āvaraṇa-kāravaḥ śūdrāśca paścimāṁ diśaṁ adhivaseyuḥ ।। 02.4.13 ।।''</blockquote><blockquote>''loha-maṇi-kāravo brāhmaṇāścauttarāṁ diśaṁ adhivaseyuḥ ।। 02.4.15 ।।''</blockquote>
* The wall around the town should be 6 dandas high and 12 dandas wide. Beyond this wall there should be three moats of 14 feet, 12 feet and 10 feet wide to be constructed four arm-lengths apart
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* The wall around the town should be 6 dandas high and 12 dandas wide.  
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<blockquote>षड्दण्ड-उच्छ्रितं अवरुद्धं तद्-द्विगुण-विष्कम्भम् । ''ṣaḍdaṇḍa-ucchritaṁ avaruddhaṁ tad-dviguṇa-viṣkambham ।'' <ref name=":3" /></blockquote>
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* Beyond this wall there should be three moats of 14 feet, 12 feet and 10 feet wide to be constructed four arm-lengths apart.
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<blockquote>तस्य परिखास्तिस्रो दण्ड-अन्तराः कारयेत्चतुर्दश द्वादश दशैति दण्डान्विस्तीर्णाः ।<ref name=":3" /></blockquote><blockquote>''tasya parikhāstisro daṇḍa-antarāḥ kārayetcaturdaśa dvādaśa daśaiti daṇḍānvistīrṇāḥ ।''</blockquote>
 
* Three east-west and three north-south roads should divide the town.
 
* Three east-west and three north-south roads should divide the town.
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<blockquote>त्रयः प्राचीना राज-मार्गास्त्रय उदीचीना इति वास्तु-विभागः ।। ०२.४.०१ ।।<ref name=":4" /></blockquote><blockquote>''trayaḥ prācīnā rāja-mārgāstraya udīcīnā iti vāstu-vibhāgaḥ ।। 02.4.01 ।।''</blockquote>
 
* The main roads should be 8 dandas wide and other roads 4 dandas wide.
 
* The main roads should be 8 dandas wide and other roads 4 dandas wide.
 
* There should be 1 well per 10 houses.
 
* There should be 1 well per 10 houses.
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<blockquote>दश-कुली-वाटं कूप-स्थानं ।। ०२.४.२६ ।। ''daśa-kulī-vāṭaṁ kūpa-sthānaṁ ।। 02.4.26 ।।''<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>
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== Today’s Challenges ==
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== अर्थशास्त्रस्य प्रयुक्तिः ॥ Need of Arthashastra ==
 
Climate change brings new challenges, which impact the natural and built environments and aggravates existing environmental, social and economic problems. Clearly these changes will affect different aspects of spatial planning and the built environment, including external building fabric, structural integrity, internal environments, service infrastructure, open spaces, human comfort and the way people use indoor and outdoor space. Coupled with the challenges of rapid urbanization, climate change impacts will undermine country efforts to achieve the goals of sustainable development.            
 
Climate change brings new challenges, which impact the natural and built environments and aggravates existing environmental, social and economic problems. Clearly these changes will affect different aspects of spatial planning and the built environment, including external building fabric, structural integrity, internal environments, service infrastructure, open spaces, human comfort and the way people use indoor and outdoor space. Coupled with the challenges of rapid urbanization, climate change impacts will undermine country efforts to achieve the goals of sustainable development.            
  

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