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Kautiliya Nagara Vyavastha (कौटिलीयनगरव्यवस्था) (view source)
Revision as of 13:45, 13 November 2018
, 13:45, 13 November 2018→विशेषव्यवस्था: ॥ Special rules: Adding content and citation
* Migrated people in new settlement exempted from payment of taxes for some years
* Migrated people in new settlement exempted from payment of taxes for some years
<blockquote>निवेश-सम-कालं यथा-आगतकं वा परिहारं दद्यात् ।। ०२.०१.१७ ।।<ref name=":2" /></blockquote><blockquote>''niveśa-sama-kālaṁ yathā-āgatakaṁ vā parihāraṁ dadyāt ।। 02.01.17 ।।''</blockquote>
* A city should be located centrally to facilitate trade and commerce.
* A city should be located centrally to facilitate trade and commerce.
* The site should be large in area and near a perennial water body.
* The site should be large in area and near a perennial water body.
<blockquote>ह्रदस्य वा अविशोषस्याङ्के । ''hradasya vā aviśoṣasyāṅke ।''<ref name=":3">Kautilya, Arthashastra, Adhikarana 2, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A9 Adhyaya 3].</ref></blockquote>
* The city shape should be circular, rectangular or square as per the topography.
* The city shape should be circular, rectangular or square as per the topography.
<blockquote>वृत्तं दीर्घं चतुरश्रं वा | ''vr̥ttaṁ dīrghaṁ caturaśraṁ vā |''<ref name=":3" /></blockquote>
* There should be separate areas for marketing different goods.
* There should be separate areas for marketing different goods.
For eg:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Placement of manufacturers, merchants and artisans within the Fort<ref name=":1" />
!People
!Residence
|-
|Merchants trading in scents, garlands, grains and liquids
|On the eastern side
|-
|Various manufactories
|On sites south by east.
|-
|Store-house of forest produce and the arsenal
|On sites south by west.
|-
|Those who trade in cooked rice, liquor, and flesh
|To the south
|-
|Artisans manufacturing worsted threads, cotton threads,
bamboo-mats, skins, armours, weapons, and gloves
|To the west
|-
|Artisans working on precious stones
|To the north
|}
<blockquote>ततः परं गन्ध-माल्य-रस-पण्याः प्रसाधन-कारवः क्षत्रियाश्च पूर्वां दिशं अधिवसेयुः ।। ०२.४.०९ ।।</blockquote><blockquote>दक्षिण-पूर्वं भागं भाण्ड-अगारं अक्ष-पटलं कर्म-निषद्याश्च । दक्षिण-पश्चिमं भागं कुप्य-गृहं आयुध-अगारं च ।। ०२.४.१० ।।</blockquote><blockquote>पक्व-अन्न-सुरा-मांस-पण्या रूपाजीवास्तालावचरा वैश्याश्च दक्षिणां दिशं अधिवसेयुः ।। ०२.४.११ ।।</blockquote><blockquote>ततः परं ऊर्णा-सूत्र-वेणु-चर्म-वर्म-शस्त्र-आवरण-कारवः शूद्राश्च पश्चिमां दिशं अधिवसेयुः ।। ०२.४.१३ ।।</blockquote><blockquote>लोह-मणि-कारवो ब्राह्मणाश्चौत्तरां दिशं अधिवसेयुः ।। ०२.४.१५ ।।<ref>Kautilya, Arthashastra, Adhikarana 2, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AA Adhyaya 4].</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''tataḥ paraṁ gandha-mālya-rasa-paṇyāḥ prasādhana-kāravaḥ kṣatriyāśca pūrvāṁ diśaṁ adhivaseyuḥ ।। 02.4.09 ।।''</blockquote><blockquote>''dakṣiṇa-pūrvaṁ bhāgaṁ bhāṇḍa-agāraṁ akṣa-paṭalaṁ karma-niṣadyāśca । dakṣiṇa-paścimaṁ bhāgaṁ kupya-gr̥haṁ āyudha-agāraṁ ca ।। 02.4.10 ।।''</blockquote><blockquote>''pakva-anna-surā-māṁsa-paṇyā rūpājīvāstālāvacarā vaiśyāśca dakṣiṇāṁ diśaṁ adhivaseyuḥ ।। 02.4.11 ।।''</blockquote><blockquote>''tataḥ paraṁ ūrṇā-sūtra-veṇu-carma-varma-śastra-āvaraṇa-kāravaḥ śūdrāśca paścimāṁ diśaṁ adhivaseyuḥ ।। 02.4.13 ।।''</blockquote><blockquote>''loha-maṇi-kāravo brāhmaṇāścauttarāṁ diśaṁ adhivaseyuḥ ।। 02.4.15 ।।''</blockquote>
* The wall around the town should be 6 dandas high and 12 dandas wide. Beyond this wall there should be three moats of 14 feet, 12 feet and 10 feet wide to be constructed four arm-lengths apart
* The wall around the town should be 6 dandas high and 12 dandas wide. Beyond this wall there should be three moats of 14 feet, 12 feet and 10 feet wide to be constructed four arm-lengths apart
* Three east-west and three north-south roads should divide the town.
* Three east-west and three north-south roads should divide the town.
* The main roads should be 8 dandas wide and other roads 4 dandas wide.
* The main roads should be 8 dandas wide and other roads 4 dandas wide.
* There should be 1 well per 10 houses.
* There should be 1 well per 10 houses.
== Today’s Challenges ==
Climate change brings new challenges, which impact the natural and built environments and aggravates existing environmental, social and economic problems. Clearly these changes will affect different aspects of spatial planning and the built environment, including external building fabric, structural integrity, internal environments, service infrastructure, open spaces, human comfort and the way people use indoor and outdoor space. Coupled with the challenges of rapid urbanization, climate change impacts will undermine country efforts to achieve the goals of sustainable development.
Climate change brings new challenges, which impact the natural and built environments and aggravates existing environmental, social and economic problems. Clearly these changes will affect different aspects of spatial planning and the built environment, including external building fabric, structural integrity, internal environments, service infrastructure, open spaces, human comfort and the way people use indoor and outdoor space. Coupled with the challenges of rapid urbanization, climate change impacts will undermine country efforts to achieve the goals of sustainable development.