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→Padarthas in Ayurveda
=== Padarthas in Ayurveda ===
=== Padarthas in Ayurveda ===
'''Dravyas''': According to Ayurveda, all dravyas in the universe and the body is Panchabhoutika, i.e., originates or made up of the Panchabhutas. The Doshas, Malas etc., and the organs are all Paanchabhoutika. All dravyas have a specific composition of panchamahabhuta with an appropriate combination and separation (samyoga and vibhaga). There is a dominance of a particular mahabhuta. This defines them as akashiya (akasha dominant), vayavya (vayu dominant), agneya (agni dominant), apya (apa dominant) and parthiva (prithvi dominant).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":9">https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Dravya#cite_note-Susruta-3</ref>
[[File:Ayurveda Dravyas.png|right|frameless|433x433px|Classification of Dravyas in Ayurveda]]
'''Dravyas''': Dravya is that in which both Guna and Karma exist with invariable concomitance and is the ultimate cause for Karya according to Acharya Charaka.<blockquote>यत्राश्रिताः कर्मगुणाः कारणं समवायि यत् । तद्रव्यं – yatrāśritāḥ karmaguṇāḥ kāraṇaṁ samavāyi yat | tadravyaṁ – Char. Samh. 1</blockquote>Acharya Sushruta strengthens this view stating -<blockquote>द्रव्य लक्षणं तु क्रिया गुणवत् समवायी कारणम् ॥ dravya lakṣaṇaṁ tu kriyā guṇavat samavāyī kāraṇam ||</blockquote>According to Ayurveda, all dravyas in the universe and the body is Panchabhoutika, i.e., originates or made up of the Panchabhutas. The Doshas, Malas etc., and the organs are all Paanchabhoutika. All dravyas have a specific composition of panchamahabhuta with an appropriate combination and separation (samyoga and vibhaga). There is a dominance of a particular mahabhuta. This defines them as akashiya (akasha dominant), vayavya (vayu dominant), agneya (agni dominant), apya (apa dominant) and parthiva (prithvi dominant).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":9">[https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Dravya#cite_note-Susruta-3 M.K. Bhojani, Rani Durga, Ankur kumar Tanwar, "Dravya" in Charak Samhita New Edition, ed.by Y.S. Deole, page 230, (Jamnagar:CSRTSDC,2020), https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Dravya&oldid=44626 (accessed November 9, 2024).]</ref>
Dravyas are divided into two viz., Ahara and Aushadha Dravyas. They both have six tastes, viz, madhura, amla, lavana, katu, tikta and kashaya. Dravyas have gunas also; accompanied with the gunas Dravyas act on the body accordingly.<ref name=":9" />
Dravyas are divided into two viz., Ahara and Aushadha Dravyas. They both have six tastes, viz, madhura, amla, lavana, katu, tikta and kashaya. Dravyas have gunas also; accompanied with the gunas Dravyas act on the body accordingly.<ref name=":9" />
'''Gunas''': Guna is based on Dravya and depends on it. Dravya and Guna have the Adhara-Adheya, ashraya-ashrayee relationship. Since Guna reveals the significance of Dravya, it is called Viseshana. Guna depends on dravya, and reveals its speciality, thus it is Gaouna or secondary.
'''Gunas''': Charaka states <blockquote>समवायीतु निश्चेष्टः कारणं गुणः । samavāyītu niścēṣṭaḥ kāraṇaṁ guṇaḥ | (Char. Samh. 1/51) </blockquote>Guna is based on Dravya and depends on it. Dravya and Guna have the Adhara-Adheya, ashraya-ashrayee relationship. Since Guna reveals the significance of Dravya, it is called Viseshana. Guna depends on dravya, and reveals its speciality, thus it is Gaouna or secondary.
A total of 41 gunas are explained in Ayurveda. They are classified under the following headings [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 1/49]<ref>Y.S. Deole, E.G. Aneesh, "Guna" in Charak Samhita New Edition, ed.by G. Basisht, page 152, (Jamnagar:CSRTSDC,2020), <nowiki>https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/index.php?title=Guna&oldid=44627</nowiki> (accessed November 9, 2024).</ref>
* Physical properties (sharira guna): These are 20 in number. All these are useful in the treatment as well as for protection of health.
{| class="wikitable"
|Laghu (Light)
|Gurutva (Heaviness)
|Manda (Dull)
|Tīkṣṇa (Sharp)
|Śīta (Cold)
|Uṣṇa (Hot)
|
|-
|Ślakṣṇa (Smooth)
|Khara (Rough)
|Sāndra (Viscid)
|Mṛdu (Soft)
|Kaṭhina (Hard)
|Sthira (Stable)
|Dravatva (Fluidity)
|-
|Sara (Unstable)
|Sūkṣma (Subtle)
|Sthūla (Gross)
|Viśada (Clear)
|Picchila (Sticky)
|Rūksa (Dry)
|Snigdha (Unctuous)
|}
* General properties (samanya gunas): These are 10 in number.
* Spiritual properties (atma gunas): These are 06 in number.
* Properties of objects of senses (indriyartha/vishishta guna): These are 05 in number.
Features of gunas can be summarized as
# Guna depends on dravya
# It does not contain other gunas and karma
# By itself it is not in a form of action
# It produces other similar gunas
# It is not related to Samyoga (conjunction) and Vibhaga (disjunction)
# A padartha which possesses the gunatva jati is called Guna
== References ==
== References ==
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Darshanas]]
[[Category:Darshanas]]