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Line 186: − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − नागाद् व्रणं भवेत्कुष्ठं वङ्गात्तापोऽग्निदोषतः । मलाज्जड्यं तु चापल्याद् बोजनाशो विषान्मृतिः ।॥८॥ nāgād vraṇaṁ bhavētkuṣṭhaṁ vaṅgāttāpō’gnidōṣataḥ | malājjaḍyaṁ tu cāpalyād bōjanāśō viṣānmr̥tiḥ |||8||+ + + + + + + − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − === Harmful effects of consuming impure Mercury ===+ + + + + + + − === Shodhana Process ===+ + + + + + + + + +
→Harmful effects of consuming impure Mercury
== पारदस्य नेसर्गिका दोषाः ॥ Doshas or Impurities of Parada ==
== पारदस्य नेसर्गिका दोषाः ॥ Doshas or Impurities of Parada ==
Rasaratna Samucchaya mentions that due to the exceptional medicinal qualities of Jeeva (Parada) people did not age (jaraa), die (marana) or become ill due to diseases. They gradually came to have the longevity enjoyed by Indra and other devatas. Jealous of this Indra prayed to Mahadeva Shiva to introduce Kanchuki and other doshas in mercury.<ref name=":6" /> According to Rasatarangini, Parada has impurities as follows<blockquote>नागवङ्गौ वह्निमलौ चापल्यं गरलं गिरिः । असह्याग्निश्च विज्ञेयो दोषा नैसर्गिका रसे ॥७॥ nāgavaṅgau vahnimalau cāpalyaṁ garalaṁ giriḥ | asahyāgniśca vijñēyō dōṣā naisargikā rasē ||7||
Rasaratna Samucchaya mentions that due to the exceptional medicinal qualities of Jeeva (Parada) people did not age (jaraa), die (marana) or become ill due to diseases. They gradually came to have the longevity enjoyed by Indra and other devatas. Jealous of this Indra prayed to Mahadeva Shiva to introduce Kanchuki and other doshas in mercury.<ref name=":6" /> According to Rasatarangini, Parada has impurities as follows<blockquote>नागवङ्गौ वह्निमलौ चापल्यं गरलं गिरिः । असह्याग्निश्च विज्ञेयो दोषा नैसर्गिका रसे ॥७॥ nāgavaṅgau vahnimalau cāpalyaṁ garalaṁ giriḥ | asahyāgniśca vijñēyō dōṣā naisargikā rasē ||7|| <ref name=":1" /></blockquote>Intrinsically, Parada contains eight doshas namely, नाग (nāga), वङ्ग (vanga), वह्नि (vahni), मल (mala), चापल्य (cāpalya), विष (viṣa ), गिरि (giri), असह्याग्नि (asahyāgni). Though many Doshas are attributed to Mercury, Naga (Lead), Vanga (Tin) Doshas are considered the major ones.
{| class="wikitable"
|+General classification of Doshas (impurities) in Mercury<ref name=":0" />
!No
!Name of Dosha
!Twelve Types
!Reference
|-
|1
|Naisargika
|Visha, Vahni and Mala (3)
|
|-
|2
|Yougika
|Naga (Lead) and Vanga (Tin) (2)
|यौगिकौ नागवङ्गौ द्वैतौ जाड्याध्मान कुष्ठादौ । (Rasa Ratna Samu 11.18)
|-
|3
|Oupadika
|Kanchuka and other doshas (7)
|
|}
Apart from the above mentioned natural adulterations of Parada, treatises on Rasashastra mention about extra impurities of Parada (Para) in form of encapsulation or external coverings. These layers of extra impurities are known as Kanchukas and as they are seven in number called to as Sapta (7)- Kanchuka (covers) dosha (adulterations) of Parada. In short, these coverings are a mixture of other metals in powdered form with Parad, which cause disorders in the body if Parad is consumed without getting rid of these layers; Seven Kanchuka Doshas are as follows<ref name=":4">Manoj, Amrit S, Sohit S. ''[https://www.wjpmr.com/download/article/95042022/1651491290.pdf A Critical Review of Parada Samskaras in Context of Ayurvedic and Modern Concept.]'' World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 2022, 8(5), 139-142</ref>
# Bhedi (tearing)
# Malakad (causing impurities)
# Dravi (liquefying)
# Dhvanksi (causing darkness of skin)
# Parpatika (producing scales on the skin)
# Patanakari (rupturing)
# Andhakari (causing blindness)
गिरेः स्फोटोऽथ मोहश्च ह्यसह्याग्नेः प्रजायते । एतैर्दोषैर्विहीनञ्च रसेन्द्रमिह योजयेत् ॥ ९॥ girēḥ sphōṭō’tha mōhaśca hyasahyāgnēḥ prajāyatē | ētairdōṣairvihīnañca rasēndramiha yōjayēt || 9|| (Rasa. Tara. 5.7-9)<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>Intrinsically, Parada contains eight doshas namely, नाग (naga), वङ्ग (vanga), वह्नि (vahni), मल (mala), चापल्य (chapala), विष (visha), गिरि (giri), असह्याग्नि (asahyagni). Though many Doshas are attributed to Mercury, Naga (Lead), Vanga (Tin) Doshas are considered the major ones.
=== Harmful effects of consuming impure Mercury ===
Ayurveda Prakasa and Rasatarangini enumerates the harmful effects of unpurified mercury which has the above mentioned doshas. <blockquote>नागाद् व्रणं भवेत्कुष्ठं वङ्गात्तापोऽग्निदोषतः । मलाज्जड्यं तु चापल्याद् बोजनाशो विषान्मृतिः ।॥८॥ nāgād vraṇaṁ bhavētkuṣṭhaṁ vaṅgāttāpō’gnidōṣataḥ | malājjaḍyaṁ tu cāpalyād bōjanāśō viṣānmr̥tiḥ |||8||
गिरेः स्फोटोऽथ मोहश्च ह्यसह्याग्नेः प्रजायते । एतैर्दोषैर्विहीनञ्च रसेन्द्रमिह योजयेत् ॥ ९॥ girēḥ sphōṭō’tha mōhaśca hyasahyāgnēḥ prajāyatē | ētairdōṣairvihīnañca rasēndramiha yōjayēt || 9|| (Rasa. Tara. 5.7-9)<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>
They are as follows as per both Acharyas.
# नागदोषः (Naga) - व्रण (wounds)
# वङ्गदोषः (Vanga) - कुष्ठ (Kushta or Leprosy)
# अग्निदोषः (Agni/Vahni) - तापवृद्धि (Increase in Tapa)
# मलदोषः (Mala)- जड़ता (Jadatwa or laziness)
# चापल्यदोषः (Chapalya) - शुक्रक्षय (Veerya kshaya or loss of semen)
# विषदोषः (Visha) - मृत्यु ([[Mrutyu (मृत्युः)|Mrutyu]] or death)
# गिरिदोषः (Giri) - स्फोट (Sphota)
# असह्याग्निः - मोह विकार (Moha)
=== Shodhana Process or Samskaras of Mercury ===
Ayurveda texts inform about Ashtadasha Sanskaras (18 processes) required to clean Mercury. Of these, only the first 8 are suggested for Deh-vadha (medicinal purposes) while the remaining 10 steps, which are obscure and have occult implications, are used only for purifying Parada in such a way to convert metals into gold (Loh-vadha). The eight samskaras are as follows<ref name=":4" />
'''Svedana''' - Pippali, Maricha, Chitraka, Aradraka, Triphala and Saindhav Lavan are mixed together and made into paste. Parad sixteen times the weight of the mixed herbal paste is added with this paste carefully blended and the mixture rolled into a ball. The ball is tied in a poultice and steamed in dolayantra filled with Sauveer for 3-4 days. Everyday fresh herbal paste and Kaanji is used. This process of steaming Parada with natural herbs is called as Svedana Sanskara which helps to clear the impurities present in Parada.
'''Mardana'''- Parada procured after Svedan Sanskar is further vigorously rubbed individually with the following ingredients; Sarshap, Rasona, Soot (Jute or any cloth with a rough surface), Triphala, Aradrak and Lavan (Saindhav Lavan). This process is called as Mardana Sanskar which helps to clear Parad impurities that might not have been cleared by Svedana process.
'''Murchana'''- The next process after Mardana includes a further combination or processing of Parad with decoctions formed from Triphala, Chitraka and Kumari for one week each. This process is called as Murchana Sanskar which completely eliminates abnormalities and gives it a pulverised form.
'''Utthapana'''- Parad needs to recover its natural traits and form which is achieved from the Utthapana process. The Murchit Parad is steamed properly with Kaanji and carefully washed (The time-span is not fixed). The process gives Parad its normal form, eliminating all impurities.
'''Patana'''- Parad procured after Utthapana is treated to three different types of Patana-karma (sublimation process; downward, upward & oblique). This process is carried out in a special set of apparatus called as Patan-Yantra which are distinct for each process - Urdhvapatana and Adhapatana.
'''Bodhana /Rodhana'''- Bodhana /Rodhana Sanskara or process awakens Parad after its earlier treatments which give Parad its powers to move in different directions. To accomplish this, Parad obtained from the preceding Patana sanskara is tied in a poultice with bark obtained from the Bhurjapatra tree. The poultice is then steamed in salt-water (mixed with saline water). It removes impotency of Parad which occurs due to its previous sanskaras of Mardana (rubbing).
'''Niyamana'''- This type of Sanskar is done to remove any defects or instability with Parada after the Bodhana sanskar. The Parad is steamed with Rason, Bhringaraja, Amlika, Navsagar and Musta. The process needs to be carried out for three days, which is said to purify Parad of its Bhushali, Kanchuka and Mala impurities.
'''Deepana'''- Parad procured after the Niyamana sanskar is considered free of its impurities and its unpredictable properties. However, it still needs to be prepared for combining with other components to form complex and compound preparations. To complete this, Parad is steamed with the help of Dolayantra filled with Kaanji /Arnaal for one Prahara (3 hrs). This procedure is known as Deepana-sanskara which makes Parad capable of swallowing, digesting or amalgamating other entities. Deepana sanskar is the last Parad sanskara for Deh-Vada. Parad obtained after this sanskar can be used as medicine.
The remaining 10 Sanskaras (treatments) specifically used for Loh-vadha (alchemical, spiritual and occult purposes) are as follows.<ref name=":4" />
# Grasa (swallowing)
# Garbhadruti (inner liquelication)
# Bahirdruti (outer liquelication)
# Charana (movement)
# Jarana (combination)
# Ranjana (colouring)
# Sarana (pushing)
# Kramana (leaping)
# Vedha (transmentation)
# Sevana (application)
== Mercury Poisoning ==
== Mercury Poisoning ==