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Vedanta (Samskrit: वेदांतम्) or Uttara Mimamsa is one of the [[Shad Darshanas (षड्दर्शनानि)|six Darshanas]] or schools of philosophy that have originated from the spiritual experience of the sages of ancient India. Subsequently, these philosophical concepts were elaborated into systems of thought and explained in terms of reason and logic. One of the living systems of Indian philosophy, the Vedanta, has become widely studied in recent centuries, as to some Western intellectuals it became a solace and a solution to the vexed problems of the world. They consider that it offers the central principles of the universal religion, which, swayed the thought and life of Indians through ages of time. {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qa6TBN_xxkI&feature=youtu.be
Vedanta (Samskrit: वेदांतम्) or Uttara Mimamsa is one of the [[Shad Darshanas (षड्दर्शनानि)|six Darshanas]] or schools of philosophy that have originated from the spiritual experience of the sages of ancient India. Subsequently, these philosophical concepts were elaborated into systems of thought and explained in terms of reason and logic. {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qa6TBN_xxkI&feature=youtu.be
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|description=Vedanta - Darsana - The Path to Transcedence and Self-realization
|description=Vedanta - Darsana - The Path to Transcedence and Self-realization
}}Primarily the word Vedanta stood for [[Upanishads (उपनिषदः)|Upanishads]]; later its scope widened to include all thoughts developed out of the Upanishads<ref name=":0">Satischandra Chatterjee, Dheerendramohan Dutta (1948) An Introduction to Indian Philosophy. Calcutta: Calcutta University Press. pp. 395, 396</ref>.
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One of the living systems of Indian philosophy, the Vedanta, has become widely studied in recent centuries, as to some Western intellectuals it became a solace and a solution to the vexed problems of the world. They consider that it offers the central principles of the universal religion, which, swayed the thought and life of Indians through ages of time. Primarily the word Vedanta stood for [[Upanishads (उपनिषदः)|Upanishads]]; later its scope widened to include all thoughts developed out of the Upanishads<ref name=":0">Satischandra Chatterjee, Dheerendramohan Dutta (1948) An Introduction to Indian Philosophy. Calcutta: Calcutta University Press. pp. 395, 396</ref>.
In this article, the term Godhead is used in the same spirit as "Bhagvaan” or "Parabrahman", intrinsic aspect of God analogous to waterness in water.
In this article, the term Godhead is used in the same spirit as "Bhagvaan” or "Parabrahman", intrinsic aspect of God analogous to waterness in water.
== Introduction ==
== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
Philosophy is the search for an experience of Reality. The subject-matter of Indian philosophy, however, is not the entire Reality. It is more about the true nature of the Self. One of the postulates of Indian philosophy is that the [[Atman (आत्मन्)|Atman]], loosely translated as soul in abrahmic texts, is the core of Self and its intrinsic nature full of [[Sukha and Ananda (सुखानन्दश्च)|Ananda]]. The realization of the true and native nature of the Self is another name for [[Moksha (मोक्षः)|moksha]]. Vedanta adopted ideas from other Darshanas such as Yoga and Nyaya, and, over time, became the most prominent of the Astika Darshanas, influencing the sampradayas or diverse traditions within it. There are at least ten schools of Vedanta, of which Advaita Vedanta, Visishtadvaita, Dvaita and Bhedabheda are the best known.
Philosophy is the search for an experience of Reality. The subject-matter of Indian philosophy, however, is not the entire Reality. It is more about the true nature of the Self. One of the postulates of Indian philosophy is that the [[Atman (आत्मन्)|Atman]], loosely translated as soul in abrahmic texts, is the core of Self and its intrinsic nature full of [[Sukha and Ananda (सुखानन्दश्च)|Ananda]]. The realization of the true and native nature of the Self is another name for [[Moksha (मोक्षः)|moksha]]. Vedanta adopted ideas from other Darshanas such as Yoga and Nyaya, and, over time, became the most prominent of the Astika Darshanas, influencing the sampradayas or diverse traditions within it. There are at least ten schools of Vedanta, of which Advaita Vedanta, Visishtadvaita, Dvaita and Bhedabheda are the best known.
The essential point in the above first four questions is that these questions are directly connected with consciousness. Philosophy whether Eastern Advaita Vedanta or Modern Western Philosophy all of them are vitally connected with consciousness.
The essential point in the above first four questions is that these questions are directly connected with consciousness. Philosophy whether Eastern Advaita Vedanta or Modern Western Philosophy all of them are vitally connected with consciousness.
==Etymology==
==व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology==
The word ''Vedanta'' is a compound word made up of two Sanskrit words: ‘''Veda’'' and ‘''Anta’'' meaning वेदानाम् अन्तः। or ''<nowiki/>'end of Vedas''' and indeed, many of these texts are found at the end of each of [[The Four Vedas (चतुर्वेदाः)|the four Vedas]]. In Shabdakalpadhruma<ref>See word [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80 Vedanta on Page 4/501]</ref>, Hemachandra mentions Vedanta to be Upanishads.
The word ''Vedanta'' is a compound word made up of two Sanskrit words: ‘''Veda’'' and ‘''Anta’'' meaning वेदानाम् अन्तः। or ''<nowiki/>'end of Vedas''' and indeed, many of these texts are found at the end of each of [[The Four Vedas (चतुर्वेदाः)|the four Vedas]]. In Shabdakalpadhruma<ref>See word [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80 Vedanta on Page 4/501]</ref>, Hemachandra mentions Vedanta to be Upanishads.
: Vedanta signifies the Upanishads, the means of right knowledge (with respect to Self) and the Sharirika sutras and other (works) helpful in understanding them, as per Vedantasara (text) composed by Sadananda Yogindra Acharya.
: Vedanta signifies the Upanishads, the means of right knowledge (with respect to Self) and the Sharirika sutras and other (works) helpful in understanding them, as per Vedantasara (text) composed by Sadananda Yogindra Acharya.
At the end or culmination of the Vedas, in the sense that they embody the highest philosophical knowledge of the Vedas, Upanishads, are also called Uttara Mimamsa. Vedanta is also called '''Uttara Mimamsa''', or the 'latter enquiry' or 'higher enquiry', and is often paired with Purva Mimamsa which deals with the previous part of the Vedas, namely the [[Brahmana (ब्राह्मणम्)|Brahmanas]]. It also refers to the 'former enquiry' or 'primary enquiry' in the Brahmana granthas. Purva Mimamsa, is called Karma Mimamsa, or is simply called as Mimamsa, deals with explanations of the ''Karma-kanda'' or rituals part of the Vedic mantras in Samhita and Brahmanas, while Uttara Mimamsa or usually called as Vedanta or Jnana Mimamsa as it deals with the philosophical knowledge of [[Upanishads]] or the ''Jnana-kanda'' of the Vedas.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Sharma, Chandradhar. (1962) ''The Indian Philosophy : A Critical Survey.'' Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref>
At the end or culmination of the Vedas, in the sense that they embody the highest philosophical knowledge of the Vedas, Upanishads, are also called Uttara Mimamsa. Vedanta is also called '''Uttara Mimamsa''', or the 'latter enquiry' or 'higher enquiry', and is often paired with Purva Mimamsa which deals with the previous part of the Vedas, namely the [[Brahmana (ब्राह्मणम्)|Brahmanas]]. Thus, both Purva and Uttara Mimamsa It also refers to the 'former enquiry' or 'primary enquiry' in the Brahmana granthas. Purva Mimamsa, is called Karma Mimamsa, or is simply called as Mimamsa, deals with explanations of the ''Karma-kanda'' or rituals part of the Vedic mantras in Samhita and Brahmanas, while Uttara Mimamsa or usually called as Vedanta or Jnana Mimamsa as it deals with the philosophical knowledge of [[Upanishads]] or the ''Jnana-kanda'' of the Vedas.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Sharma, Chandradhar. (1962) ''The Indian Philosophy : A Critical Survey.'' Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref>
== Aims and Characteristics of Vedanta ==
== Aims and Characteristics of Vedanta ==