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Acharya Sushruta (आचार्य सुश्रुतः) (view source)
Revision as of 19:03, 30 November 2022
, 19:03, 30 November 2022no edit summary
== Time period and history ==
== Time period and history ==
Ayurvedic knowledge is the oldest Indian traditional system of medicine that antedates other systems of medicine by not less than four centuries. Acharya Sushruta was the disciple of “Deivodasa” who was the King of Kashi. (Kashi is considered one of the oldest cities, known to humans since 1500 BCE, which is now known as Varanasi) he hailed from the Dhanwantari () school of thought. Medicine was taught in ancient India through ''Guru- Shishya parampara'' which is a method of imparting knowledge from a guru or teacher to his shishya or student/disciple in the form of ''shruti'' (verbal verses) which is solely in Sanskrit.
Ayurvedic knowledge is the oldest Indian traditional system of medicine that antedates other systems of medicine by not less than four centuries. Acharya Sushruta was the disciple of “Deivodasa” who was the King of Kashi. (Kashi is considered one of the oldest cities, known to humans since 1500 BCE, which is now known as Varanasi) he hailed from the Dhanwantari () school of thought. Medicine was taught in ancient India through ''Guru- Shishya parampara'' which is a method of imparting knowledge from a guru or teacher to his shishya or student/disciple in the form of ''shruti'' (verbal verses) which is solely in Sanskrit.<ref>Bhattacharya, S. Sushruta—the Very First Anatomist of the World. ''[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12262-022-03578-y#citeas Indian J Surg]'' 84, 901–904 (2022). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-022-03578-y</nowiki></ref>
According to some references mentioned in Ramayana, Acharya Sushruta was the son of Sage Vishwamitra (he was the Guru of Lord Rama and Lakshmana).
According to some references mentioned in Ramayana, Acharya Sushruta was the son of Sage Vishwamitra (he was the Guru of Lord Rama and Lakshmana).
Even though many aspects of Sushruta Samhita are well-researched these days, there is not much written about Acharya Sushruta, who wrote the treatise. Son of Sage Vishwamitra, Acharya Sushruta practiced in the northern city of India, Kashi (now Varanasi) by the banks of river Ganga around 1000-1500 BCE. This interacts with the period of Acharya Charaka, drawing a loose conclusion that these two Acharyas could be contemporaries.
Even though many aspects of Sushruta Samhita are well-researched these days, there is not much written about Acharya Sushruta, who wrote the treatise. Son of Sage Vishwamitra, Acharya Sushruta practiced in the northern city of India, Kashi (now Varanasi) by the banks of river Ganga around 1000-1500 BCE. This interacts with the period of Acharya Charaka, drawing a loose conclusion that these two Acharyas could be contemporaries.<ref>Singh V. Sushruta: The father of surgery. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2017 Jan-Jun;8(1):1-3. doi: 10.4103/njms.NJMS_33_17. PMID: 28761269; PMCID: PMC5512402.</ref>
According to certain historians, Sushruta is the term used to denote “renowned”, thus the birth name could be different.
According to certain historians, Sushruta is the term used to denote “renowned”, thus the birth name could be different. <ref>Mark JJ. Sushruta. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/static/about/</ref>
According to “panini” in the 7<sup>th</sup> cent BCE, refers the meaning of the word “Sushruta” is a person who is skilled in surgery.
According to “panini” in the 7<sup>th</sup> cent BCE, refers the meaning of the word “Sushruta” is a person who is skilled in surgery.
According to certain historians, Deviodasa is also considered as an incarnation of Lord Dhanwantari.
According to certain historians, Divodasa is also considered as an incarnation of Lord Dhanwantari.
== Sushruta Samhita ==
== Sushruta Samhita ==
Originally written by Acharya Sushruta, this treatise was later redacted by Acharya Nagarjuna.
Originally written by Acharya Sushruta, this treatise was later redacted by Acharya Nagarjuna.
The original treatises written by Acharya Sushruta are yet untraceable, but a copy of this original treatise was found in Chinese Turkestan, in 1890. This was later sold to a man named Hamilton Bower. Now, this copy is named Bower’s manuscript since it was purchased by him. This Bower’s manuscript is now placed in Oxford, Bodlean Library. A man named Horlean later edited this copy and since Sushruta’s name was found in the treatise, he traced its origins around the 5<sup>th</sup> cent BCE. This is approx. 150 years before Hippocrates.
<nowiki>https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v5i3/NOV153097.pdf</nowiki>
Acharya Sushruta’s disciples were known as Sushrutas, and they were trained for 6 years in theory and later practical knowledge and the hands-on training was provided for them following Standard procedure. The incision and suture techniques were practiced on Vegetables, and leather bags filled with different densities of mud. Puncturing on veins of dead animals, lotus stalks, scraping techniques on the skin of hairy animals, scarring on the wooden plank smeared with beeswax. The skills of incision and cuts were taught on the skin of Alavu(bottle gourd), Pushpaphala(another type of gourd), and cucumber. These methods merely suggest the excellent skill set and training methods during those times as well.
<nowiki>https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v5i3/NOV153097.pdf</nowiki>
The original treatise consists of 120 chapters which are divided into 5 sections or “sthana”,
The original treatise consists of 120 chapters which are divided into 5 sections or “sthana”,