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Acharya Sushruta (आचार्य सुश्रुतः) (view source)
Revision as of 14:56, 15 November 2022
, 14:56, 15 November 2022Adding and editing content
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=== Pioneering work of Acharya Sushruta in the field of anatomy and surgery ===
=== Dissection ===
A deeper understanding of the human body is impossible without dissecting it, thus, Acharya Sushruta during his era did dissect the human body with the help of certain plants like roots of ushira(Vetiver) used as a brush, bamboo, and many more. His dissection methods were skillful and study of shareera (human body) layer by layer.
==== Embryology ====
Acharya Sushruta in Shareera Sthana mentioned verses describing the layers of development in the embryo. He later described the diseases affecting those layers and treatment and preventive aspects for mothers during pregnancy.
Thus, there is a description of congenital as well as genetic factors as well.
Anatomy
==== Anatomy ====
There are mentions of the anatomical positions of each named organ and its function, dosha, dhatu, and many other aspects of Ayurvedic anatomy in a separate section of Sushruta Samhita by Acharya Sushruta in Shareera Sthana.
Ophthalmology
Detailed mentions of the number of bones and their classification, muscles, various channels (strotas), organs, etc.
==== Ophthalmology ====
Ophthalmology and E.N.T (ear, nose, and throat) have been described in detail under the Shalakya Tantra.
There are steps mentioned by Acharya Sushruta in the form of verses, on how to remove the opacity of the cataractous lens. Several such surgical methods were practiced during that time following the steps mentioned in Sushruta Samhita.
==== Explanation of yantras and shastras ====
There is a description of over 120 surgical instruments (yantra-101 and shastra - 20) and more than 300 surgical procedures. And anushastras () where shastras cannot be used.
Apart from these, suture and bandaging techniques have also been mentioned in reference to fractures as well.
Unique techniques such as jalauka avacharana(extraction of a minimum quantity of blood from a particular area of shareera through Jalauka or certain kind of leeches), and siravedhana(venipuncture) specific to Shalya Tantra have gained popularity in recent times.
==== Reconstructive surgeries, skin grafts and plastic surgeries ====
Acharya Sushruta mentioned reconstruction of the earlobe in fifteen ways along with pre and post-operative procedures.
In 1792, Tipu Sultan’s soldiers captured a Maratha Cart driver and cut off his nose and arm. A year later, a Vaidya (named Kawasji) in Poona (now Pune) reconstructed his nose and two British surgeons from the Bombay Presidency observed and witnessed this skillful procedure and noted its details. This, in 1794 was later published in “The Gentlemen’s Magazine” describing it as an operation not uncommon in India. This procedure was similar to that mentioned in Sushruta Samhita.
These techniques suggest that acharya Sushruta considered Surgery as the best possible treatment for many disorders and has mentioned Standard protocol for skillful surgical procedures and many other unique methods including “jalauka avarachana” during medieval India and took surgery to commendable heights.
== References ==
== References ==
[[Category:Ayurveda]]
[[Category:Ayurveda]]