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The term Vivaha (Samskrit: विवाह:) literally means (viśiṣṭaḥ vāhaḥ prāpaṇam) to make a girl attain wifehood, i.e. earlier there was "strītvam" (girlhood) and after marriage she attains "bhāryātvam" (wifehood) also. Vivaha Saṃskāra is the most important of all [https://dharmawiki.org/index.php/Samskaras_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83) samskaras]. The Grhyasutras presuppose that every man, in his normal conditions, is expected to marry and run a home. Denoted by the word "'''marriage'''" in English several Samskrit words are employed to denote the idea of marriage. These words are based on one or more elements of the vivaha itself. '''Vivaha''' (taking the girl away in a special way or for a special purpose, i.e., for making her one's wife), '''Udvaha''' (taking the girl out of her parental home), '''Parinayana''' or '''Parinaya''' (going around or making a pradakshina to the sacred fire), '''Upayama''' (to bring near and make one's own), '''Kanyadana''' (giving away of the Kanya in dana) and '''Panigrahana''' (taking the hand of the girl) are synonymous with each other.<ref name=":2">Kane, P. V. (1941) ''History of Dharmashastras, Volume 2, Part 1.'' Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. (Pages 427 - )</ref><ref name=":12">Pandey, Raj Bali. (1949) ''Hindu Samskaras, A Socio-religious study of the Hindu Sacraments.'' Banaras: Vikrama Publications. (Pages 261-405)</ref>  

The term Vivaha (Samskrit: विवाह:) literally means (viśiṣṭaḥ vāhaḥ prāpaṇam) to make a girl attain wifehood, i.e. earlier there was "strītvam" (girlhood) and after marriage she attains "bhāryātvam" (wifehood) also. Vivaha Saṃskāra is the most important of all [https://dharmawiki.org/index.php/Samskaras_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83) samskaras]. The Grhyasutras presuppose that every man, in his normal conditions, is expected to marry and run a home. Denoted by the word "'''marriage'''" in English several Samskrit words are employed to denote the idea of marriage. These words are based on one or more elements of the vivaha itself. '''Vivaha''' (taking the girl away in a special way or for a special purpose, i.e., for making her one's wife), '''Udvaha''' (taking the girl out of her parental home), '''Parinayana''' or '''Parinaya''' (going around or making a pradakshina to the sacred fire), '''Upayama''' (to bring near and make one's own), '''Kanyadana''' (giving away of the Kanya in dana) and '''Panigrahana''' (taking the hand of the girl) are synonymous with each other.<ref name=":2">Kane, P. V. (1941) ''History of Dharmashastras, Volume 2, Part 1.'' Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. (Pages 427 - 541)</ref><ref name=":12">Pandey, Raj Bali. (1949) ''Hindu Samskaras, A Socio-religious study of the Hindu Sacraments.'' Banaras: Vikrama Publications. (Pages 261-405)</ref>  

== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==

== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==