Changes

षड्‍ भिः मासैः श्रुतधरः सुवर्णप्राशनाद्भवेत्॥ (Kash. Samh. Sutra 18.26-27)<ref name=":12" /></blockquote>

षड्‍ भिः मासैः श्रुतधरः सुवर्णप्राशनाद्भवेत्॥ (Kash. Samh. Sutra 18.26-27)<ref name=":12" /></blockquote>

* If administered for 1 month, the child will become Parama Medhavi (highly intelligent) and will not be affected by any disease (Immune)

* If administered for 1 month, the child will become Parama Medhavi (highly intelligent) and will not be affected by any disease (Immune)

* If administered for 6 months, the baby will become Srutadhara (will be able to remember the things, which are just heard).

* If administered for 6 months, the baby will become Shrutadhara (will be able to remember the things, which are just heard).

All the above said benefits are indicating the enhancement of all favorable factors required for proper growth and development of a child, which is considered to be rapid during Shaishavavastha (infancy).

All the above said benefits are indicating the enhancement of all favorable factors required for proper growth and development of a child, which is considered to be rapid during Shaishavavastha (infancy).

=== Role of Suvarnaprashana validated by experimental studies ===

=== Role of Suvarnaprashana validated by research studies ===

In swarna prashana, gold particles are encapsulated by honey, ghee, and herbs, and it helps the gold particles to form into various size, shape, charges, and composition. This irregular form of the gold particles in swarna prashana may induce the non-specific immunity by activating both cellular and humoral immunity [4, 9, 11, 12]. In general, pathogens undergo several mutations naturally or induced by man. Therefore, human system which acquired non-specific immunity will be ready to defend against any pathogens and inflammatory substances that enter or develop in our system [13]. It is evident that gold nanoparticles are efficiently interacting with the target cells in terms of immunological responses and cytotoxicity [14].

Various scientific research studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Suvarna (Gold) bhasma and and Suvarnabindu (Medicinal formulation used for Suvarnaprashana) used in  in Ayurveda. The reports of the studies show that,<ref>Nelaturi P, Nagarajan P, Sabapathy SK, Sambandam R. Swarna Bindu Prashana-an Ancient Approach to Improve the Infant's Immunity. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021 Jun;199(6):2145-2148. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02353-y. Epub 2020 Aug 27. PMID: 32856248; PMCID: PMC7451701.</ref>

Gold has already proved its immune-modulatory effects because of its antibacterial action against different organisms, but when it is mixed with kinds of honey and clarified butter, it widens its spectrum of action to stimulate body immune cells [4, 5, 16]

* Immunomodulatory activity of Gold has been proved in some studies because of gold's antibacterial action against different organisms. But when the gold is mixed with honey and clarified butter or ghee as in Suvarnaprashana is is found to widen the spectrum of its action to stimulate body immune cells.

* Suvarna prashana is believed to activate non-specific immunity by activating both ellular and humoral immunity. This activity of SP is supposed to be as a result of the actual chemical stucture of gold in SP where it is combined with ghee and honey making it encapsulated and develop into particles of various size, shape, charges, and composition. This activity helps to train immune system to identify and defend human system from many different types of antigens and develop immunity against wide range of pathogens and their mutations as well. It is evident that gold nanoparticles are efficiently interacting with the target cells in terms of immunological responses and cytotoxicity

=== Effect of Suvarnaprashana seen in clinical research studies ===

=== Effect of Suvarnaprashana seen in clinical research studies ===

== Plausible Mechanisms of Swarna Prashana ==

== Plausible Mechanisms of Swarna Prashana ==

(TBE)Swarna prashana is related to the smaller gold particles perhaps containing wide variation in shapes, sizes, charges, and bio-molecular compositions [4]. These particles retain high stability, low toxicity, and immunogenicity conjugation due to the molecular ingredients found in ghee and honey [21]. The molecular ingredients contain sugars, amino acids, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and other components [10]. Moreover, these components help in capping the gold particles in swarna prashan which exhibits multivalent interactions between the particle and membrane receptor of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells [1, 4, 8]. Targeting these dendritic cells is considered to be one of the efficient strategies in promoting immunotherapies and vaccine development [8]. Therefore, the plausible mechanism of swarna prashana in interacting with dendritic cells is as follows: dendritic cells opt several mechanisms in the internalization of swarna prashana particles including receptor-mediated endocytosis, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis [1, 4, 5, 20]. Immature dendritic cells will uptake and internalize the swarna prashana particles in the cytosol. As a result, immature dendritic cells differentiate into mature dendritic that causes expression of CD83 and CD86 and also morphological changes in the maturation of the dendritic cells [8] (Fig. 1). The internalized particles, namely, antigens, are processed in the cytoplasm and initiate T cell response based on antigen presented through MHC complex [4, 7, 19]. Interestingly, swarna prashana particles comprise of mosaic features in terms of size, shape, charge, and composition of the particles which results in intercellular trafficking in dendritic cells [1, 4]. Therefore, dendritic cells present multiple antigens effectively to the T cells [20]. It is believed that the activated dendritic cells and T cells require soluble cytokines including IL-7, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-23, TNF, and IFN to exhibit immunogenic response [4, 8]. The potential application of swarna prashana in immunomodulation is the development of both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine [4, 8, 19]. Ancient scripts have suggested that the colloidal preparation of swarna (gold particles) with honey and ghee would significantly induce robust immunity like vaccines [4, 8, 10]. Gold particles are the most promising ones which do not affect living cells and do not produce adverse effects [20]. It is believed that gold is used in ayurvedic, herbal, and herbo-mineral preparations for the treatment of chronic and degenerative disease without any side effect [12, 13, 17]. The advantages of biodegradable gold particles are utilization in the vaccinated organism, high loading efficiency for the target substance, enhanced ability to cross various physiological barriers, and low systemic side effects. In all likelihood, the immune actions of biodegradable nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles as corpuscular carriers are similar. The recent data indicating low toxicity of gold nanoparticles makes it being used in the development of next-generation vaccines [1, 8, 16]. However, no extensive studies on animals or cell lines model are available, and further clinical trials are required on interaction of swarna prashana particles and human functions.

 

(TBE)Swarna prashana is related to the smaller gold particles perhaps containing wide variation in shapes, sizes, charges, and bio-molecular compositions [4]. These particles retain high stability, low toxicity, and immunogenicity conjugation due to the molecular ingredients found in ghee and honey [21]. The molecular ingredients contain sugars, amino acids, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and other components [10]. Moreover, these components help in capping the gold particles in swarna prashan which exhibits multivalent interactions between the particle and membrane receptor of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells [1, 4, 8]. '''Targeting these dendritic cells is considered to be one of the efficient strategies in promoting immunotherapies and vaccine development [8].'''

 

Therefore, the plausible mechanism of swarna prashana in interacting with dendritic cells is as follows: dendritic cells opt several mechanisms in the internalization of swarna prashana particles including receptor-mediated endocytosis, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis [1, 4, 5, 20]. Immature dendritic cells will uptake and internalize the swarna prashana particles in the cytosol. As a result, immature dendritic cells differentiate into mature dendritic that causes '''expression of CD83 and CD86 and also morphological changes in the maturation of the dendritic cells''' [8] (Fig. 1). The internalized particles, namely, antigens, are processed in the cytoplasm and '''initiate T cell response based on antigen presented through MHC complex''' [4, 7, 19]. Interestingly, swarna prashana particles comprise of mosaic features in terms of size, shape, charge, and composition of the particles which results in intercellular trafficking in dendritic cells [1, 4]. Therefore, dendritic cells present multiple antigens effectively to the T cells [20]. It is believed that the activated dendritic cells and T cells require soluble cytokines including IL-7, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-23, TNF, and IFN to exhibit immunogenic response [4, 8]. The potential application of swarna prashana in immunomodulation is the development of both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine [4, 8, 19].  

 

'''It is believed that gold is used in ayurvedic, herbal, and herbo-mineral preparations for the treatment of chronic and degenerative disease without any side effect [12, 13, 17]. The advantages of biodegradable gold particles are utilization in the vaccinated organism, high loading efficiency for the target substance, enhanced ability to cross various physiological barriers, and low systemic side effects.''' In all likelihood, the immune actions of biodegradable nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles as corpuscular carriers are similar. T'''he recent data indicating low toxicity of gold nanoparticles makes it being used in the development of next-generation vaccines [1, 8, 16].''' However, no extensive studies on animals or cell lines model are available, and further clinical trials are required on interaction of swarna prashana particles and human functions.

== Hypothesis ==

== Hypothesis ==