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Line 48: − + − − Srotases are categorised by Acharya Vagbhata as, − − (asht.hrud.shar.3.40-42) − − 1. Bahirmukha srotas(srotas which has opening externally) − − They are 9 in total, − − 2-nasika(nostrils) − − 2-karna(ear) − − 2-netra(eyes) − − 1-guda marga (anal orifice) − − 1-mukha (mouth opening) − − 1-Mutra marga (urethral opening) − − Three women specific srotas, 2- stana(breast) and 1- raktapatha(vaginal opening) − − − 2. Antarmukha srotas (srotas which has opening internally) − − They are 13 in number, − − 1-pranavaha srotas − − 7-rasadi dhatu srotas − − 1-mutravaha srotas − − 1-malavaha srotas − − 1-swedavaha srotas − − 1-jalavaha srotas − − 1-annavaha srotas − − − According to Acharya Charaka, (char.vim.5.8-22) − − 1. Pranavaha srotas − − Origin- hriday, mahasrotas − − Dushti karana(causes of vitiation) – kshaya(emaciation), kshudhita(excessive hunger), darunata(roughness), suppression of urges. − − − 2. Udakavaha srotas − − Origin- Talu,kloma − Dushti karana(causes of vitiation)- they are affected due to ushnata(excess heat), ama, atisushka sevana(excess dry food intake), excess alcohol intake.+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − + − 3. Annavaha srotas+ − + − Origin -amashaya, vamaparshva+ − + − Dushti karana (causes of vitiation)- Atimatra bhojan(excess intake of foof), akala bhojan(untimely eating), Ahita bhojan(intake of unwholesome food).+ − + − + − 4. Rasavaha srotas+ − + − Origin - hriday, dasha dhamani+ − + − Dushti karana(causes of vitiation)- guru ahara(heavy meals), sheeta(cold), atisnigdha ahara(excess unctuous food), chinta(stress or worry).+ − + − + − 5. Raktavaha srotas+ − + − Origin – yakrit, pleeha+ − + − Dushti karana(causes of vitiation)- vidahi annapana(food and drink which cause burning sensation), excess exposure to sun and heat.+ − + − + − 6. Mamsavaha srotas+ − + − Origin- snayu, tvak+ − + − Dushti karana(causes of vitiation)-abhishyandi bojan(heavy food), divaswapna(day sleep)+ − + − + − 7. Medavaha srotas+ − + − Origin – vrikka, vapavahan+ − + − Dushti karana(causes of vitiation)- avyayam(no exercixe), divaswapna(day sleep), atibhakshana(excessive intake of food).+ − + − + − 8. Asthivaha srotas+ − + − Origin – medamoolam,jaghanam+ − + − Dushti karana(causes of vitiation)- ativyayama(excessive exercising), excess intake of vata aggravating food, atisankshobh(jerkful joint movements).+ − + − + − 9. Majjavaha srotas+ − + − Origin – asthimoola, sandhi+ − + − Dushti karana(causes of vitiation)- utpeshad, abhighat(injury), viruddha anna sevan(intake of incompatible food).+ − + − + − 10.Sukravaha srotas+ − + − Origin – vrushana, sheaf+ − + − Dushti karana(causes of vitiation)-akala maithuna(untimely sexual intercourse), faulty surgical procedures, exposure to kshar(alkali), agna karma(cautery).+ − + − + − 11. Mutravaha srotas+ − + − Origin – basti, vankshan+ − − Dushti karana(causes of vitiation)- drinking water, eating during urge of micturition, mutra nigrahat(supressing urge) especially on kshina and kshata(emaciated and in trauma). − − − 12.Purishavaha srotas − − Origin – pakvashaya, sthoolaguda − − Dushti karana(causes of vitiation)- excess eating during indigestion, sandharanat(supressing faecal urge) etc. − − − 13.Swedavaha srotas − − Origin – romakupa − − Dushti karana(causes of vitiation)-ativyayama(excessive exercise), atisantapa(excess heat exposure), escess krodha(anger), bhay(fear) etc. − − − According to Acharya sushruta − − (sush.sha.9.12) − − There is explanation of viddha lakshanas meaning the symptoms which arise when there is a certain abhighata or injury to the srotas. − − 1. Pranavaha srotas − − Origin- Hridaya, rasavaha dhamani − − Viddha lakshana – kroshana(wailing), vinaman(body bending), moha(stupor), brahma(giddiness), vepana(shiver). − − − 2. Annavaha srotas − − Origin- amashaya, annavahini − − Viddha lakshana – adhmana, shoola(colic), annadvesha(loss of appetite), vaman(vomit), andhyam(blindness) − − − 3. Udakavaha srotas − − Origin – Talu, kloma − − Viddha lakshana- pipasa(excessive thirst), sadhyamaranam(death). − − − 4. Rasavaha srotas − − Origin- hriday, rasavahini − − Viddha lakshana – shosha(dryness). − − − 5. Raktavaha srotas − − Origin- yakrit, pleeha − − Viddha lakshana- shyavangta (black discolouration of body), jvara(fever), daha(burning sensation) panduta(paleness),shonita agaman(haemorrhage), rakt netrata (redness of eyes). − − − 6. Mamsavaha srotas − − Origin- snayu, tvak, raktavaha dhamani − − Viddha lakshana- shotha(swelling), mamsa shosha(muscle atrophy), sira granthi(varicosity) − − − 7. Medavaha srotas − − Origin – kati, vrukka − − Viddha lakshanas – swedagaman9excessive sweat), taalu shosha(dryness of palette), snidghangta (oiliness over body). − − − 8. Mutravaha srotas − − Origin – basti,sishnendriya − − Viddha lakshanas – mutranirodha(urine retention) etc − − − 9. Purishavaha srotas − − Origin -pakvashaya guda − − Viddha lakshanas – durgandhatata(foul smell), grathita antrata(matting of intestines) − − − 10. Sukravaha srotas − − Origin – stana, vrushana − − Viddha lakshanas – kleebata(impotency), rakta shukrata(semen discharge with blood) − − − 11.Artavavaha srotas − − Origin – garbhayashaya, artava vaha dhamani − − Viddha lakshanas – vandhyatva(infertility), maithuna asahishnuta(dyspareunia), artava naasha(absence of menstruation) − − − − − There also is mention of manovaha srotas differently while explaining the concept of psychological diseases, dreams et. (char.indr 5.41) Line 279:
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Line 165: − when the properties of Ahara(food) and vihara(lifestyle) which are vata dosha aggravating (mentioned in cha.sut.10.6-7). And the properties of ahara(food) vihara(lifestyle) which are opposite to the guna or properties of rasa, rakta etc dhatu are the factors which causes sroto dushti. (Asht.hrud.sha.3.44)+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Line 311:
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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
Srotas or srotosharera is a significant and distinct topic in Ayurveda anatomy which in literal means a pathway or channel or a bodily transport system. They carry dhatus and are completely different structures from arteries, veins, lymphatics etc. Each srotas has its own moolasthana or seat or origin, which mostly is organ specific. Srotas are innumerable but most important functional aspects appear in 13 internal srotas mentioned by Acharyas. Even though srotas in literal definition mean channels, but their purpose is far more than just being a transport system. They secrete or ooze as well and have the properties of the dhatu they carry.
Srotas or srotosharera is a significant and distinct topic in Ayurveda anatomy which in literal means a pathway or channel or a bodily transport system. They carry dhatus and are completely different structures from arteries, veins, lymphatics etc. Each srotas has its own moolasthana or seat or origin, which mostly is organ specific. Srotas are innumerable but most important functional aspects appear in 13 internal srotas mentioned by Acharyas. Even though srotas in literal definition mean channels, but their purpose is far more than just being a transport system. They secrete or ooze as well and have the properties of the dhatu they carry.
== Structure of srotas| ''swaroop'' ==
== Structure of srotas| ''swaroop'' ==
== Classification| ''pravibhaga'' ==
== Classification| ''pravibhaga'' ==
Conceptually srotas are innumerable but according to their specific functions they are categorised, also for better understanding.
Conceptually srotas are innumerable but according to their specific functions they are categorized, also for better understanding.
=== Strotasa classification as per Acharya Vagbhata ===
Srotasas are categorised as per opening point of their channels by Acharya Vagbhata as,<ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 3 Sutra 40-42)</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Bahirmukha Srotas (srotasas which has opening externally)'''
|'''Antarmukha (Srotasas which has opening internally)'''
|-
|Nasika(nostrils)- 2
|pranavaha srotas -1
|-
|Karna(ears) - 2
|Rasadidhatu vaha srotas - 7
|-
|Netra(eyes) - 2
|Mutravaha – 1
|-
|Guda marga (Anus) - 1
|Swedavaha – 1
|-
|Mutra marga (Urinary orifice) - 1
|Jalavaha – 1
|-
|Mukha (Oral cavity) - 1
|Malavaha – 1
|-
|Stana (Breasts) - 2 (Females specific)
|Annavaha srotas – 1
|-
|Raktapatha/Yoni (Vegina) -1 (Female specific)
|
|}
=== Strotasa classification as per Acharya Charaka ===
According to Acharya Charaka the strotasas are of following types. The table also described the causative factors for vitiation of these strotasas which work as disease causing factors for multiple illnesses related to these channels. <ref>Charaka Samhita (Vimanasthana Adhyaya 5 Sutra 8-22)</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|'''SROTAS'''
|'''ORIGIN'''
|'''CAUSES OF VITIATION'''
|-
|Pranavaha srotas
|Hriday, mahasrotas (Gastrointestinal system)
|Emaciation, kshudhita (excessive hunger), darunata (roughness), suppression of urges
|-
|Udakavaha srotas
|Talu, kloma
|Excess heat, ama (a toxic product formed due to imbalanced digestion and metabolims), excess dry food intake, excess alcohol intake.
|-
|Annavaha srotas
|amashaya, vamaparshva
|Overeating/excess intake of food, untimely/irregular eating, intake of unwholesome food
|-
|Rasavaha srotas
|hriday, dasha dhamani
|Heavy to digest food, cold food/drinks, excessively unctuous/fat rich food, persistent stress or worry
|-
|Raktavaha srotas
|Yakrit,pleeha
|vidahi annapana food and drink which cause burning sensation), excess exposure to sun and heat.
|-
|Mamsavaha srotas
|Snayu, tvak
|abhishyandi bojan(heavy food), divaswapna(day sleep)
|-
|Medovaha srotas
|Vrikka, vapavahan
|avyayam(no exercixe), divaswapna(day sleep), atibhakshana(excessive intake of food).
|-
|Asthivaha srotas
|Medamoolam, jaghanam
|ativyayama(excessive exercising), excess intake of vata aggravating food, atisankshobh(jerkful joint movements).
|-
|Majjavaha srotas
|Asthimoola, sandhi
|utpeshad, abhighat(injury), viruddha anna sevan(intake of incompatible food).
|-
|Sukravaha srotas
|Vrushana, shefa
|akala maithuna (untimely sexual intercourse), faulty surgical procedures, exposure to kshar(alkali), agna karma(cautery).
|-
|Mutravaha srotas
|Basti, vankshana
|drinking water, eating during urge of micturition, mutra nigrahat(supressing urge) especially on kshina and kshata(emaciated and in trauma).
|-
|Purishavaha srotas
|Pakvashaya, sthoolaguda
|excess eating during indigestion, sandharanat(supressing faecal urge) etc.
|-
|Swedavaha srotas
|Romakupa
|ativyayama(excessive exercise), atisantapa(excess heat exposure), excess krodha(anger), bhay(fear) etc.
|}
<nowiki>#</nowiki>(Moolasthana or origin of the srotas is stated above where in there is mention of body parts like talu, kloma, amashaya etc. These are organs mentioned in Ayurveda anatomy which cannot be explained with reference to modern science organs, thus must be considered as isolated concepts. These can be considered to be roughly equivalent to some organs we know as per modern medicine e.g. yakrit↔Liver, Talu↔palate, Amashaya↔stomach etc.)
(Moolasthana or origin of the srotas is stated above where in there is mention of talu, kloma, amashaya etc these are organs mentioned in Ayurveda anatomy which cannot be explained with reference to modern science organs, thus must be considered as isolated concepts)
== Abnormalities of srotas | ''Srotovaigunya'' ==
== Abnormalities of srotas | ''Srotovaigunya'' ==
== General morbidity in srotas| ''srotodushti'' ==
== General morbidity in srotas| ''srotodushti'' ==
Srotovaigunyata and srotodushti even though are two different concepts, the existence of sroto vaigunya is mandatory for sroto dushti to occur.
Strotodushti refers to the derrangenement of the functions being performed by that strotas due to some causative factor. It leads to impairment of function of not only that strotas but also the [[Dhatus (धातवः)|dhatu]], [[Upadhatus (उपधातवः)|upadhatu]], [[Doshas (दोषाः)|dosha]] and/or [[Malas (मलाः)|mala]] related to that strotas. When rasavaha strotas is dushta i.e. deranged it will lead to disequilibrium of [[Rasa Dhatu (रस धातु)|rasa dhatu]], kapha [[Doshas (दोषाः)|dosha]] and [[Upadhatus (उपधातवः)|upadhatus]] like raja, stanya etc. Therefore understanding of strotodushti is highly essential for any [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|vaidya]] to establish diagnosis and plan treatment. Srotovaigunyata and srotodushti even though are two different concepts, the existence of sroto vaigunya is mandatory for sroto dushti to occur.
Srotodushti manifests in four ways, (cha.vi.5.24)
Srotodushti manifests in four ways, (cha.vi.5.24)
=== Reason for manifestation of sroto dushti ===
=== Reason for manifestation of sroto dushti ===
When the properties of [[Ahara (आहारः)|Ahara]] (food) and vihara (lifestyle) which are [[Doshas (दोषाः)|dosha]] aggravating; and the properties of ahara(food) vihara(lifestyle) which are opposite to the guna or properties of rasa, rakta etc [[Dhatus (धातवः)|dhatu]] then it can cause vitiation of channels known as sroto dushti.<ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 3 Sutra 44)</ref> Acharya Charka has clearly described the signs and symptoms that arise when a particular strotas is affected. These are known as Strotodushti lakshanas. Acharyas Sushruta has put forward the list of signs and symptoms which manifest when a particular strotas is injusred by even some external injury and these are known as Viddha lakshanas or injury signs.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sharirsthana Adhyaya 9 Sutra 12)</ref> Clubbed together these signs represent the clinical manifestations of vitiation of a particular strotas and these are collectively put in table given below.
{| class="wikitable"
|'''SROTAS'''
|'''VIDDHA LAKSHANA (Acc to Acharya Sushruta)'''
|'''DUSHTI LAKSHANA (According to Acharya Charaka)'''
|-
|Pranavaha
|wailing, body bending, stupor, giddiness, shiver.
|Painful shallow breath with sound.
|-
|Annavaha
|Colic pain, loss of appetite, vomiting
|Indigestion, loss of appetite,
|-
|Udakavaha
|Excessive thirst
|Excessive thirst, dryness of mouth
|-
|Rasavaha
|Dryness in general
|Heaviness of body, aversion to food, premature ageing, tiredness etc
|-
|Raktavaha
|Black discolouration of body, paleness, burning sensation, haemorrhage
|Various skin disorders
|-
|Mamsavaha
|Swelling, muscle atrophy, varicosity
|Tonsilitis, certain tumours, piles etc
|-
|Medavaha
|Excessive sweating, dryness of mouth, oiliness of body
|Diabetes, excess fat gain etc
|-
|Purishavaha
|Foul smell, matting of intestines
|Loose motion, irregular bowel movements, painful movements
|-
|Artavavaha
|Infertility, absence of menstruation, dyspareunia
|
|-
|Sukravaha
|Impotency, blood discharge with semen
|Impotency, congenital abnormalities etc
|-
|Mutravaha
|Retention of urine
|Pain while urinating, increased frequency and density.
|-
|Asthivaha
|
|Teeth and bone pain, nail and body hair abnormality etc
|-
|Majjavaha
|
|Joint pain, giddiness, certain abscess etc
|-
|Swedavaha
|
|Excess perspiration or no perspiration at all, burning sensation
|}
There also is mention of manovaha srotas (The system for transport of mind and emotions) differently while explaining the concept of psychological diseases, dreams et. (char.indr 5.41)
== General Management principles of Sroto dushti | ''srotodushti samanya chikitsa'' ==
== General Management principles of Sroto dushti | ''srotodushti samanya chikitsa'' ==
== References ==
== References ==
[[Category:Ayurveda]]