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Line 2: − + + + − + + + + + + + − While taking his parents on pilgrimage, Shravan Kumar’s parents were thirty and wanted water, so he took rest and went near the river to grab some water. King Dashrath, who was father of Lord Rama, thought that some animal is near water and he aimed him. Unfortunately, it was not an animal but Shravan Kumar. The arrow hit his forehead, again on the स्थपनी मर्म. In guilt, King Dashrath took the arrow out and Shravan Kumar died. So, as I said above स्थपनी मर्म is a विषयलघ्न मर्म. (https://rasayan97.wordpress.com/2020/08/22/22-8-20/) Ravana and krishna are said to be have died due to injury on nabhi and kshipramarma respectively. <ref name=":0" />+ − In Valmiki Ramayana there are few verses during war wherein there is mention of marma points being used as targets for injury. + − + − There is a traditional and the oldest martial art form of India named Kalari or kalaripaywhich describes 365 marma points. The kalari warriors used this knowledge to harm their enemies. Also, they were nurtured using the same technique for healing wounds of the battle.+ Line 579:
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== परिचयः॥ Introduction ==
== परिचयः॥ Introduction ==
Marma or the vital points is one of the important and exclusive topic discussed in Ayurveda. The references for the fundamentals of knowledge about Marma can be traced back to [[Rigveda (ऋग्वेदः)|Rigveda]], [[Upanishads (उपनिषदः)|Upanishads]]<nowiki/>and [[Puranas (पुराणानि)|Puranas]]. The knowledge of marma was being widely used during a war to target enemies, for self-defence, for surgical procedures and also as a treatment modality ever since the Vedic period. The importance of marma from diagnostic and therapeutic perspective is huge. When certain type of marma is affected, specific signs and symptoms arise and making use of this feature a therapy is developed where controlled pressure on these points is created to activate the energy concentrated at these points. This can relieve the probable blocks in the energy pathways linked with marmas in body and help get rid of certain symptoms like pains, aches and disabilities. This is called as marma therapy and it is practiced in may parts of Bharata and outside Bharata as well. It is a modality of treatment which does not require any herb or drug and hence it is widely popular. Some people compare it with that of accupressure therapy from Traditional chinese medicine but both these are significantly different. To practice marma therapy, in depth knowledge of marmas is essential. 'Marmaparipalanam' i.e. protection of marmas is equated to the selfcare or self protection in Ayurveda.
Marma or the vital points is one of the important and exclusive topic discussed in Ayurveda. The references for the fundamentals of knowledge about Marma can be traced back to [[Rigveda (ऋग्वेदः)|Rigveda]], [[Upanishads (उपनिषदः)|Upanishads]]<nowiki/>and [[Puranas (पुराणानि)|Puranas]]. The knowledge of marma was being widely used during a war to target enemies, for self-defence, for surgical procedures and also as a treatment modality ever since the Vedic period. The importance of marma from diagnostic and therapeutic perspective is huge. When certain type of marma is affected, specific signs and symptoms arise and making use of this feature a therapy is developed where controlled pressure on these points is created to activate the energy concentrated at these points. This can relieve the probable blocks in the energy pathways linked with marmas in body and help get rid of certain symptoms like pains, aches and disabilities. This is called as marma therapy and it is practiced in may parts of Bharata and outside Bharata as well. It is a modality of treatment which does not require any herb or drug and hence it is widely popular. Some people compare it with that of acupressure therapy from Traditional Chinese
medicine but both these are significantly different. To practice marma therapy, in depth knowledge of marmas is essential. 'Marmaparipalanam' i.e. protection of marmas is equated to the selfcare or self protection in Ayurveda.
== इतिहासः॥ History ==
== इतिहासः॥ History ==
The knowledge of marmas had been absorbed by not just worriors but also devatas since time immemorial. The original description about of marma is found in the rugveda where Indra is said to have used an ayudh (weapon) named Vajra fight demon Vratra. The asura was killed by Indra's vajra when it was targeted on the marmasthana of vratra which is located in between the shoulders. <ref name=":0">Dr. Manjunath Gopal Sutar et al / Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Research Vol-8(3) 2020 [615-618]</ref> Rigveda mentions of varma or shield or body armor used for protection of marma points.<ref>Rigveda 6/75/18</ref> Few Upanishads like Shandilya upanishad, Garbha Upanishad, Kshurik Upanishad provide information about the concept and anatomical aspects of marma points. Agni purana mentions 10 locations of marma where the Prana reside.<ref>Agni Purana (370.45-46)</ref> Fire (agni) was used as the greatest weapon to injure the marmasthanas in wars. The great indian epic mahabharata and bhagavata gita, elephants, horses and soldiers wore varma to protect marma. Arjuna and karna were only vulnerable to be killed through marma exposure. There are also references about death of Shravan kumara, Ravana, Shreekrishna happening due to injury to vital marma points.
The knowledge of marmas had been acquired by not just the worriers of ancient time in Bharata but also devatas since time immemorial. The original description of marma is found in the [[Rigveda (ऋग्वेदः)|rigveda]] where [[Indra (इन्द्रः)|Indra]] is said to have used an ayudh (weapon) named Vajra fight demon [[Indra and Vrtrasura (इन्द्रः वृत्रासुरः च)|Vratra]]. The asura was killed by Indra's vajra when it was targeted on the marmasthana of vratra located in between his shoulders. <ref name=":0">Dr. Manjunath Gopal Sutar et al / Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Research Vol-8(3) 2020 [615-618]</ref> Rigveda mentions of varma or shield or body armor used for protection of marma points.<ref>Rigveda 6/75/18</ref> Few Upanishads like Shandilya upanishad, Garbha Upanishad, Kshurik Upanishad provide information about the concept and anatomical aspects of marma points. Agni purana mentions 10 locations of marma where the Prana reside.<ref>Agni Purana (370.45-46)</ref> Fire (agni) was used as the greatest weapon to injure the marmasthanas in wars. The great Indian epics mahabharata and bhagavata gita describe that elephants, horses and soldiers wore varma to protect marma points. Arjuna and Karna were only vulnerable to be killed through marma exposure. There are also references about death of Shravan kumara, Ravana, Shreekrishna happening due to injury to vital marma points.
'''The story of Shravana kumara, Ravana and Shrikrishna'''
Shravana kumara took hi parents to the pilgrimage on their wish. While on journey once the parents were thirsty and wanted water. So Shravana took rest and went near the river to get some water for them. King Dashratha, father of lord Rama was on hunting that time and was chasing an animal. That time he thought that the animal is near river and hence aimed at it but unfortunately it was shravana kumar. The arrow hit his forehead at a point known as Sthapani marma. The peculiarity of this marma point is that, if this marma is hit by a weapon then it should not be removed or else the person may die while if it is kept at that time the person survives (Vishlyaghna marma). On realizing that the arrow has inadvertently hit Shravan kumara, in guilt king Dasharatha removed the arrow from the point and Shravana kumara died. Thus knowledge of marmas was considered highly essential.
Similarly there are references in epics that Ravana died only when the arrow targeted by lord Rama hit Ravana's Nabhi and not by any other method. Nabhi is naval which is considered to be one of the Sadyapranahara marma. It is known in marma science that when such type of marma is hit it immediately causes death.
The kshipra marma is known as Kalantara pranahara type of marma. It means that an injury to this type of marma leads to death within few days of hit. The legend is mentioned that when lord shree krishna was resting in a jungle reclining on a tree bark, a hunter saw lord krishna's feet and it appeared like a rabbit to him from distance. Considering it a prey his arrow hit the point of lord krishna's feet and it was the ksipra marma. Owing to this marma injury, in few days lord krishna left to heavely abode.<ref name=":0" /> <ref>https://rasayan97.wordpress.com/2020/08/22/22-8-20/</ref>
'''Ramayana and Mahabharata'''
In Mahabharata, during the (Bhishma Parva) 114/56, 119/5, 119/47, 119/61, 119/65) (48), (Drona Parva 92/7, 92/22), (Karna Parva 19/61), (Shalya Parva 32/63, 36/64) has many references about protective shields used to cover marma sthana of both humans and animals.
In Valmiki Ramayana there are few verses during war wherein there is mention of marma points being used as targets for injury. In Mahabharata there are multiple references where one can find the use of protective shields used by worriers and animals for protection of marma points during war.
In Mahabharata, during the ( has many references about protective shields used to cover marma sthana of both humans and animals.<ref>Mahabharata (Bhishma Parva 114/56, 119/5, 119/47, 119/61, 119/65; Drona Parva 92/7, 92/22; Karna Parva 19/61; Shalya Parva 32/63, 36/64)</ref>
== निरुक्ती॥ Nirukti ==
== निरुक्ती॥ Nirukti ==
The knowledge of marma is an important aspect in the study of ayurvedic anatomy or Shareera Rachana. Anatomy of marma sthana helps give a broader scope and understanding while treatment of injuries and especially surgical procedures.
The knowledge of marma is an important aspect in the study of ayurvedic anatomy or Shareera Rachana. Anatomy of marma sthana helps give a broader scope and understanding while treatment of injuries and especially surgical procedures.
'''Kalaripayattu'''
There is a traditional and the oldest martial art form of India named Kalari or kalaripaywhich describes 365 marma points. The kalari warriors used this knowledge to harm their enemies. Also, they were nurtured using the same technique for healing wounds of the battle.
== Marma and Acupressure ==
== Marma and Acupressure ==