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Line 254: − + − In the 3rd skandha of the '''Bhagavata Purana''' shraddha is described as the daughter born to kardama prajapati by Devahuti. She became the wife of angiras. And they had two sons, Utatthya and brhaspati and four daughters, sinivali, kuhu, raka and anumati. (Puranic Encyclopedia, Purana Index) + − श्रद्धां अङ्गिरसेऽयच्छत् .... ॥ २२ ॥<ref>Bhagavata Purana, Skandha 3, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A9/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AA Adhyaya 24]</ref> + − Elsewhere also, in the '''Bhagavata Purana''', shraddha is the daughter of कर्दम and wife of अङ्गिरस् or मनु+ − श्रद्धा त्वङ्गिरसः पत्नी... ॥ ३४ ॥<ref name=":13" /> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
→इतिहासपुराणेषु श्रद्धा ॥ Shraddha in the Itihasa and Puranas: Editing
{{ToBeEdited}}Shraddha (Samskrit: श्रद्धा) as a concept broadly refers to firm belief towards a deity, person or shastra.<ref name=":4">Dharm P. S. Bhawuk, [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0971333620906758 Sraddha: Construct Definition from the Bhagavad-Gita], SAGE Journals, Volume 32, Issue 1.</ref> As a quality, it is described as the rudimentary stage of Bhakti.<ref name=":15">Tridandi Sri Bhakti Prajnan Yati (1991), [https://archive.org/details/ShandilyaBhaktiSutra Sri Shandilya Bhakti Sutras], Madras: Sree Gaudiya Math.</ref> Shraddha is also a deity in the Rgveda.<ref name=":16" /> And is seen personified across Vedic literature from the Brahmanas, to the Itihasas and Puranas.<ref>Vettam Mani (1975), [https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/734/mode/2up Puranic Encyclopaedia], Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.</ref> This article explores the different facets of Shraddha from the Vedas to the Puranas.
{{ToBeEdited}}Shraddha (Samskrit: श्रद्धा) as a concept broadly refers to firm belief towards a deity, person or shastra.<ref name=":4">Dharm P. S. Bhawuk, [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0971333620906758 Sraddha: Construct Definition from the Bhagavad-Gita], SAGE Journals, Volume 32, Issue 1.</ref> As a quality, it is described as the rudimentary stage of Bhakti.<ref name=":15">Tridandi Sri Bhakti Prajnan Yati (1991), [https://archive.org/details/ShandilyaBhaktiSutra Sri Shandilya Bhakti Sutras], Madras: Sree Gaudiya Math.</ref> Shraddha is also a deity in the Rgveda.<ref name=":16" /> And is seen personified across Vedic literature from the Brahmanas, to the Itihasas and Puranas.<ref name=":25">Vettam Mani (1975), [https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/734/mode/2up Puranic Encyclopaedia], Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.</ref> This article explores the different facets of Shraddha from the Vedas to the Puranas.
== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
nāmato dharmapatnyastāḥ kīrtyamānā nibodha me। kīrtirlakṣmīrdhr̥tirmedhā puṣṭiḥ śraddhā kriyā tathā।। 1.67.14
nāmato dharmapatnyastāḥ kīrtyamānā nibodha me। kīrtirlakṣmīrdhr̥tirmedhā puṣṭiḥ śraddhā kriyā tathā।। 1.67.14
buddhirlajjā matiścaiva patnyo dharmasya tā daśa। dvārāṇyetāni dharmasya vihitāni svayaṁbhuvā।। 1.67.15</blockquote>The Bhagavata Purana mentions that Prasuti, daughter of Manu, married Daksha, the son of Brahma. They had 16 daughters. Shraddha was one of their 13 daughters given in marriage to Dharma. The others being Maitri, Daya, Shanti, Tushti, Pushti, Kriya, Unnati, Buddhi, Medha, Titiksha, Hri and Murti.<ref>A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (1972), Srimad Bhagavatam ([http://prabhupadabooks.com/pdf/sb4.1.pdf Fourth Canto-Part One]), The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust.</ref><blockquote>प्रसूतिं मानवीं दक्ष उपयेमे ह्यजात्मजः । तस्यां ससर्ज दुहितॄः षोडशामललोचनाः ॥ ४७ ॥ त्रयोदशादाद्धर्माय ...
buddhirlajjā matiścaiva patnyo dharmasya tā daśa। dvārāṇyetāni dharmasya vihitāni svayaṁbhuvā।। 1.67.15</blockquote>The Bhagavata Purana mentions that Prasuti, daughter of Manu, married Daksha, the son of Brahma. They had 16 daughters. Shraddha was one of their 13 daughters given in marriage to Dharma. The others being Maitri, Daya, Shanti, Tushti, Pushti, Kriya, Unnati, Buddhi, Medha, Titiksha, Hri and Murti.<ref name=":26">A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (1972), Srimad Bhagavatam ([http://prabhupadabooks.com/pdf/sb4.1.pdf Fourth Canto-Part One]), The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust.</ref><blockquote>प्रसूतिं मानवीं दक्ष उपयेमे ह्यजात्मजः । तस्यां ससर्ज दुहितॄः षोडशामललोचनाः ॥ ४७ ॥ त्रयोदशादाद्धर्माय ...
श्रद्धा मैत्री दया शान्तिः तुष्टिः पुष्टिः क्रियोन्नतिः । बुद्धिर्मेधा तितिक्षा ह्रीः मूर्तिर्धर्मस्य पत्नयः ॥ ४९ ॥<ref name=":13">Bhagavata Purana, Skandha 4, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AA/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7 Adhyaya 1]</ref>
श्रद्धा मैत्री दया शान्तिः तुष्टिः पुष्टिः क्रियोन्नतिः । बुद्धिर्मेधा तितिक्षा ह्रीः मूर्तिर्धर्मस्य पत्नयः ॥ ४९ ॥<ref name=":13">Bhagavata Purana, Skandha 4, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AA/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7 Adhyaya 1]</ref>
* Furthermore, the Vayu Purana (Adhyaya 10, verse 34)<ref name=":23" />, Vishnu Purana (Amsha 1, Adhyaya 7, verse 28)<ref name=":24" /> and Markandeya Purana (Adhyaya 50, verse 25)<ref>Markandeya Purana, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AC-%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A6 Adhyaya 50]</ref> mention that Shraddha is the mother of Kama. And the Bhagavata Purana (Skandha 4, Adhyaya 1, verse 50)<ref name=":13" /> states that Shraddha gave birth to Shubha.
* Furthermore, the Vayu Purana (Adhyaya 10, verse 34)<ref name=":23" />, Vishnu Purana (Amsha 1, Adhyaya 7, verse 28)<ref name=":24" /> and Markandeya Purana (Adhyaya 50, verse 25)<ref>Markandeya Purana, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AC-%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A6 Adhyaya 50]</ref> mention that Shraddha is the mother of Kama. And the Bhagavata Purana (Skandha 4, Adhyaya 1, verse 50)<ref name=":13" /> states that Shraddha gave birth to Shubha.
* Kardama Putri Angirasa Patni - Bhagavata Purana
* There are a couple of more occurances of Shraddha in the Bhagavata Purana as follows:
The Bhagavata Purana (in Skandhas 3<ref>A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (1974), Srimad Bhagavatam ([http://prabhupadabooks.com/pdf/SB3.3.pdf Third Canto-Part 3]), The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust.</ref> and 4<ref name=":26" />) describes Shraddha as one of the nine daughters of Kardama Muni and Devahuti (daughter of Svayambhuva Manu and Shatarupa) who was given in marrriage to Rshi Angiras. It also states that Shraddha and Rshi Angiras had 4 daughters viz. Sinivali, Kuhu, Raka and Anumati and 2 sons viz. Utatthya and Brhaspati.<ref name=":25" /> <blockquote>देवहूतिमदात् तात कर्दमायात्मजां मनुः । तत्संबन्धि श्रुतप्रायं भवता गदतो मम ॥ १० ॥
याः कर्दमसुताः प्रोक्ता नव ब्रह्मर्षिपत्नयः । तासां प्रसूतिप्रसवं प्रोच्यमानं निबोध मे ॥ १२ ॥
श्रद्धा त्वङ्गिरसः पत्नी चतस्रोऽसूत कन्यकाः । सिनीवाली कुहू राका चतुर्थ्यनुमतिस्तथा ॥ ३४ ॥
तत्पुत्रावपरावास्तां ख्यातौ स्वारोचिषेऽन्तरे । उतथ्यो भगवान् साक्षात् ब्रह्मिष्ठश्च बृहस्पतिः ॥ ३५ ॥<ref name=":13" />
devahūtimadāt tāta kardamāyātmajāṁ manuḥ । tatsaṁbandhi śrutaprāyaṁ bhavatā gadato mama ॥ 10 ॥
yāḥ kardamasutāḥ proktā nava brahmarṣipatnayaḥ । tāsāṁ prasūtiprasavaṁ procyamānaṁ nibodha me ॥ 12 ॥
śraddhā tvaṅgirasaḥ patnī catasro'sūta kanyakāḥ । sinīvālī kuhū rākā caturthyanumatistathā ॥ 34 ॥
tatputrāvaparāvāstāṁ khyātau svārociṣe'ntare । utathyo bhagavān sākṣāt brahmiṣṭhaśca br̥haspatiḥ ॥ 35 ॥</blockquote>In the 9th Skandha, while describing the lineage of Vaivasvata Manu, it is said,
From the mind of Lord Brahma, Marici took birth, and from the semen of Marici, Ka.Syapa appeared from the womb of the daughter of Dak�a Maharaja. From Ka8yapa, by the womb of Aditi, Vivasviin took birth. from Vivasviin, by the womb of Samjiia, Sraddhadeva Manu was born. Sraddhadeva Manu, having conquered his senses, begot ten sons in the womb of �is wife, Sraddha. The names of these sons were lk�viiku, Nrga, Saryati, Di��a, Dhr��a, Karu�aka, Nari�yanta, Pr�adhra, Nabhaga and Kavi.
मरीचिः मनसस्तस्य जज्ञे तस्यापि कश्यपः । दाक्षायण्यां ततोऽदित्यां विवस्वान् अभवत् सुतः ॥ १० ॥
ततो मनुः श्राद्धदेवः संज्ञायामास भारत । श्रद्धायां जनयामास दश पुत्रान् स आत्मवान् ॥ ११ ॥
इक्ष्वाकुनृगशर्याति दिष्टधृष्ट करूषकान् । नरिष्यन्तं पृषध्रं च नभगं च कविं विभुः ॥ १२ ॥
तत्र श्रद्धा मनोः पत्नी... ॥ १४ ॥<ref name=":14" />
तत्र श्रद्धा मनोः पत्नी... ॥ १४ ॥<ref name=":14" />