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Line 16: − == Metabolism and Development == − The asthi dhatu is formed from its predecessor adipose tissue (meda dhatu). The nourishing portion of adipose tissue (meda dhatu) and constituents of nutrient fluid (ahara rasa) are transformed into asthi dhatu by action of factors responsible for its metabolism (asthi dhatvagni). Agni mahabhuta and vayu mahabhuta play a major role in the solidification and roughness of asthi by acting upon prithvi mahabhuta components of adipose tissue (meda dhatu).[Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 15/30] − Porosity in bones are due to actions of vayu and akasha mahabhuta. [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 15/30]+ + − === Metabolic byproducts and waste products (Upadhatu and mala) ===+ − During the process of metabolism and development of asthi dhatu, nails (nakha) are formed as the metabolic byproducts (upadhatu). [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 46/529] Sharangadhara considered teeth (danta) only as metabolic byproduct.[Sha. Sa. Purva khanda chapter 5] − Scalp hair (kesha) and body hair(loma) are waste products of metabolism of asthi dhatu. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/18]+ + − + − The asthi dhatu is formed from its predecessor meda dhatu. When meda dhatu is subjected to the process of micro-transformation (सूक्ष्मपचनम्), one processed part of it is specifically utilized to provide nourishment to the next dhatu in order i.e. Asthi Dhatu (धातु). This part is responsible for development and nourishment of asthi dhatu in body. Transformation of this fluid and unctuous form of meda dhatu into solid and tough (cha chi 15 24, 30) form of asthi dhatu happens due to action of Pruthvi, Teja and Vayu mahabhutas and generation of excess dryness in the processed part. Excess dryness and hardness are thus the distinguishing features of asthi dhatu from all other dhatus.+ − + + + + + + + + + + − + − The asthi dhatu is present in various forms as below.+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − === Channels for transportation and transformation of asthi dhatu (asthivaha srotas) ===
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The term 'Asthi' in samskrit refers to a 'Bone'. Thus Asthi dhatu mentioned in Ayurveda is similar to bony tissue in human body. In a literal sense, the word Asthi means that entity which doesn't get destroyed easily and stays longer as compared to all other counterparts. It is well known that even after years of burial of human bodies, the remnant tissue which one can find is bone. Thus bone or asthi is that body component which is not easily destroyed naturally very rapidly. In human beings Asthi dhatu performs the vital function of forming the skeleton, providing stability and shape.
The term 'Asthi' in samskrit refers to a 'Bone'. Thus Asthi dhatu mentioned in Ayurveda is similar to bony tissue in human body. In human beings Asthi dhatu performs the vital function of forming the skeleton, providing stability and shape. In a literal sense, the word Asthi means that entity which doesn't get destroyed easily and stays longer as compared to all other counterparts. It is well known that even after years of burial of human bodies, the remnant tissue which one can find is bone. Thus bone or asthi is that body component which is not easily destroyed naturally very rapidly. In human beings Asthi dhatu performs the vital function of forming the skeleton, providing stability and shape.
=== Characteristic feature of Asthi dhatu ===
=== Characteristic feature of Asthi dhatu ===
Asthi dhatu is identified by Ayurveda acharyas by its peculiar feature of strength. Acharya sushruta has beautifully explained the properties, role and importance of Asthi dhatu with example as follows,
Asthi dhatu is identified by Ayurveda acharyas by its peculiar feature of strength. Acharya Sushruta has beautifully explained the properties, role and importance of Asthi dhatu with example as follows,
अभ्यन्तरगतैः सारैर्यथा तिष्ठन्ति भूरुहाः | अस्थिसारैस्तथा देहा ध्रियन्ते देहिनां ध्रुवम् ||२१||
अभ्यन्तरगतैः सारैर्यथा तिष्ठन्ति भूरुहाः | अस्थिसारैस्तथा देहा ध्रियन्ते देहिनां ध्रुवम् ||२१||
== Panchabhautika constitution ==
== Panchabhautika constitution ==
Asthi dhatu is that tissue which is called as essence or extract of body. It is strong, hard and stable. Therefore it is clear that it has Prithvi mahabhuta dominance in it. At the same time it is also khara (dry and rough) in texture. (Cha chi 15/24,25) This property of Asthi is developed during its generation from meda dhatu by the action of Teja and Vayu along with Pruthvi. Also Asthi is one of the chief sites of vata residence. Thus Along with Pruthvi, Asthi dhatu has dominant vayu and teja mahabhuta as well.
Asthi dhatu is that tissue which is called as essence or extract of body. It is strong, hard and stable. Therefore it is clear that it has Prithvi mahabhuta dominance in it. At the same time it is also khara (dry and rough) in texture. (Cha chi 15/24,25) This property of Asthi is developed during its generation from meda dhatu by the action of Teja and Vayu along with Pruthvi. Also Asthi is one of the chief sites of vata residence. Thus Along with Pruthvi, Asthi dhatu has dominant vayu and teja mahabhuta as well.
== Utpatti of Asthi dhatu ==
The asthi dhatu is formed from its predecessor meda dhatu. When meda dhatu is subjected to the process of micro-transformation (सूक्ष्मपचनम्), one processed part of it is specifically utilized to provide nourishment to the next dhatu in order i.e. Asthi Dhatu (धातु). This part is responsible for development and nourishment of asthi dhatu in body. Transformation of this fluid and unctuous form of meda dhatu into solid and tough (cha chi 15 24, 30) form of asthi dhatu happens due to action of Pruthvi, Teja and Vayu mahabhutas. In this process, there happens generation of excess dryness in the processed part. Such excess dryness and hardness are the distinguishing features of asthi dhatu from all other dhatus.
Saushiryam ( Porosity) in bones are due to actions of vayu and akasha mahabhuta. [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 15/30]
== Upadhatu of Asthi ==
Nakha (nails) and Danta (teeth) are considered to be the Upadhatus (metabolic byproducts) of Asthi Dhatu. Those develop during the process of metabolism and development of asthi dhatu, [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 46/529] [Sha. Sa. Purva khanda chapter 5] Therefore it is observed that those suffering from diseases affecting Asthi dhatu may present with symptoms related to teeth and nails. Changes in the levels of asthi dhatu in body can be easily observed from the overall health of nails and teeth.
== Utpatti of Asthi dhatu ==
== Malas of Asthi ==
Kesha (Scalp hair) and Loma (body hair) are malas (waste products of metabolism) of asthi dhatu. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/18]
== Characteristics of best quality or essence (asthisara) ==
== Characteristics of best quality or essence (asthisara) ==
The persons with essence of asthi dhatu have prominent heels (parshni), ankles (gulpha), knee joint (janu), elbows (aratni), collarbones (jatru), chin (chibuka), head (shira), flanks (parshva) and joints and also bones and teeth. Such persons are highly enthusiastic, active, enduring, having strong and firm body as well as longevity.[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/107]
पार्ष्णिगुल्फजान्वरत्निजत्रुचिबुकशिरःपर्वस्थूलाः स्थूलास्थिनखदन्ताश्चास्थिसाराः|
ते महोत्साहाः क्रियावन्तः क्लेशसहाः सारस्थिरशरीरा भवन्त्यायुष्मन्तश्च||१०७|| [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/107]
Meaning: The persons with essence of asthi dhatu have prominent heels (parshni), ankles (gulpha), knee joint (janu), elbows (aratni), collarbones (jatru), chin (chibuka), head (shira), flanks (parshva) and joints and also bones and teeth. Such persons are highly enthusiastic, active, enduring, having strong and firm body as well as longevity.[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/107]
== Location of asthi dhatu ==
Asthi dhatu is present everywhere in the body mainly forming the skeleton of the bones. There are five types of bones in human body. [Su .Sa Sharira Sthana 5/20] Also,
These 5 types are as below,
== Anatomical and physiological structures ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Type
!Site
|
|-
|1.
|Flat bones (kapala)
|Knee (Janu), jaghana(pelvic), shoulder(amsa),
Cheek(ganda),palate(talu),temples(shankha),skull(shiras)
|-
|2.
|Teeth(ruchaka)
|Teeth
|-
|3.
|Cartilages(taruna)
|Nose(Ghrana), Ear(karna), Neck(griva),orbit of the eye(akshikosha)
|-
|4.
|curved/Annular bones(valaya)
|Ribs(Parshuka), vertebrae (prushthakasheruka)
|-
|5.
|Tubular bones (nalaka)
|All other long bo
|}
Channels for transportation and transformation of asthi dhatu (asthivaha srotas)
The channels originate from predecessor meda dhatu and buttocks (jaghana). [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 5/8] There are various other anatomical structures related to asthi dhatu. These can be included in the system. The structures are as described below.
The channels originate from predecessor meda dhatu and buttocks (jaghana). [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 5/8] There are various other anatomical structures related to asthi dhatu. These can be included in the system. The structures are as described below.