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→Role of Panchanga in Bharatiya Traditions
== पञ्चाङ्ग॥ Calculations in Panchanga ==
== पञ्चाङ्ग॥ Calculations in Panchanga ==
The mathematical calculations involved in making a panchanga primarily follow two systems
In our country, based on the siddhantas handed down from generations people have evolved calculation systems of the Panchangas. They are still being followed in lineages of families. One who calculates and gives the Panchanga is called a Panchangakarta. The mathematical calculations involved in making a panchanga primarily follows two systems
# Purvapaddhati
# Purvapaddhati
# Drkganita siddhanta
# Drkganita paddhati
The Purvapaddhati (or Older System) is said to be followed when the Panchangakarta uses principles laid down in ancient texts without taking into consideration, the astronomical corrections. Followers of Drkganita (meaning the mathematical calculations based on what is seen in the sky) take into accord the changing time points based on changing planetary motions over large periods of time. For example, based on the planetary descriptions in Mahabharata, Bhishma chose to leave his body with the arrival of Uttarayana. This day is observed as Bhishma Ekadasi, in the present days it is around February or Magha Masa (Lunar Amanta System). So around the time of Mahabharata Uttarayana was in the time of Magha Masa. Varahamihira mentions that during his time Uttarayana and Makara Sankramana came together. It should be noted that Uttarayana or the movement of the Sun towards the Northern hemisphere started with the Makara Sankramana time (in January in current time) is also mentioned in Surya Siddhanta. However, if we see the present day planetary motions, it is observed that the Sun takes the northern path from Dhanus (December 22) itself denoting the start of Uttarayana.
== पञ्चाङ्ग-विषयाः ॥ Contents of a Panchanga ==
== पञ्चाङ्ग-विषयाः ॥ Contents of a Panchanga ==
== Role of Panchanga in Bharatiya Traditions ==
== Role of Panchanga in Bharatiya Traditions ==
Apart from using the [[Kalamana (कालमानम्)|Kalamana]] for determining macrocosmic time scales and astrological calculations, mostly Saura and Chandra Manas are used to determine the auspicious times for various rituals, yajnas, vratas and samskaras. Most notably the festivals followed in India are based on luni-solar (or lunar) calendar. Each of the festivals falls on a particular tithi or a specified paksha in a particular lunar month. A few prominent examples of Bharatiya festivals are as follows<ref name=":2" />
Apart from using the [[Kalamana (कालमानम्)|Kalamana]] for determining macrocosmic time scales and astrological calculations, mostly Saura and Chandra Manas are used to determine the auspicious times for various rituals, yajnas, vratas and samskaras. Most notably the festivals followed in India are based on luni-solar (or lunar) calendar. Each of the festivals falls on a particular tithi or a specified paksha in a particular lunar month. Across many traditions, people follow both kinds of calendars and follow the rituals accordingly. A few prominent examples of Bharatiya festivals are as follows<ref name=":2" />
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Festival Name
!Festival Name
|Sri Rama Navami
|Sri Rama Navami
|Chaitra Shukla Navami
|Chaitra Shukla Navami
|-
|Raksha Bandhan
|Sravana Purnima
|-
|-
|Krishna Janmastami
|Krishna Janmastami