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# Naga (नाग) : 2nd half of Amavasya tithi
# Naga (नाग) : 2nd half of Amavasya tithi
# Kimsthugna (किंस्तुघ्नम्) : : 1st half of Pratipat tithi}}
# Kimsthugna (किंस्तुघ्नम्) : : 1st half of Pratipat tithi}}
== Solar Calendar ==
Among the time measurement systems followed in Bharatavarsha, Saura Mana is followed for many purposes such as determining Ayanas (Uttaraayana and Dakshinaayana), Sankrantis etc. The Saura Samvatsara or Solar (sidereal) Year is the time taken by the Sun to go round the ecliptic once with reference to the fixed stars. The Solar Year starts when the Sun enters Mesha rashi i.e., with the Mesha Sankramana of Sun. In the current period Mesha Sankranti in Gregorian calendar falls around April 14 (13 or 15). The solar year is divided into 12 solar months. The length of any particular saura masa is the duration of the stay of the Sun in a particular rashi (of 30° extent) of the rashi chakra.<ref name=":2" />
The saura masas are named after the rashis which the Sun occupies during these months, as Mesha, Vrshabha, Mithuna etc. However, in usage, the names of the solar months are the same as those of the lunar months, namely, Chaitra, Vaishaka etc. These names are prefixed with "saura" to denote the difference between solar and lunar calendar months. Thus solar year commences with Saura Vaishaka (April 14) and ends with Saura Chaitra. The lunar year commences with Chaitra masa (varying in March and April) and ends with Phalguna masa. The names of the solar months are ambiguous, followed differently in different regions of India, hence according to some scholars, naming solar months after the rashis occupied by the Sun will provide clarity.<ref name=":2" />
== Role of Panchanga in Bharatiya Traditions ==
Apart from using the [[Kalamana (कालमानम्)|Kalamana]] for determining macrocosmic time scales and astrological calculations, mostly Saura and Chandra Manas are used to determine the auspicious times for various rituals, yajnas, vratas and samskaras. Most notably the festivals followed in India are based on luni-solar (or lunar) calendar. Each of the festivals falls on a particular tithi or a specified paksha in a particular lunar month. A few prominent examples of Bharatiya festivals are as follows<ref name=":2" />
{| class="wikitable"
!Festival Name
!Lunar Calendar (Amanta System)
|-
|Lunar New Year - Chandramana Yugadi
|Chaitra Shukla Pratipat
|-
|Sri Rama Navami
|Chaitra Shukla Navami
|-
|Krishna Janmastami
|Sravana Krshna Ashtami
|-
|Ganesha Chaturthi
|Bhadrapada Shukla Chaturthi
|-
|Mahalaya Amavasya (Pitr Paksha)
|Bhadrapada Amavasya
|-
|Dasara (Dassera or Dusshera) Ten days of Durga Puja, the tenth day called as Vijayadasami
|Asvayuja Shukla Pratipat to Dashami
|-
|Naraka Chaturdasi and Deepavali (Diwali)
|Asvayuja Krshna Chaturdashi and Amavasya
|-
|Kartika Purnima
|Kartika Purnima
|-
|Ratha Saptami
|Magha Shukla Saptami
|-
|Mahashivaratri
|Magha Krshna Chaturdashi
|-
|Holi (Holika Dahana)
|Phalguna Purnima
|-
!Festival Name
!Solar Calendar
|-
|Solar New Year (Assam, Bengal, Odisha, Tamilnadu, Kerala) or Mesha Masa
|Mesha Sankranti (April 14)
|-
|Makara Sankranti or Pongal, Magha Bhihu
|Makara Sankranti (January 14)
|-
!Festival Name
!Nakshatra
|-
|Sri Krshna Jayanti
|Moon in Rohini Nakshatra in Saura Bhadrapada (August 17 - September 16)
|-
|Onam (kerala)
|Moon in Sravana Nakshatra in Saura Bhadrapada (August 17 - September 16)
|}
== References ==
== References ==
[[Category:Vedangas]]
[[Category:Vedangas]]
<references />
<references />