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Five of these, namely, Samvibhaga, Akrodha, Kshama, Shaucha and Adroha are extremely relevant in the context of the employer-employee relationship. They are enumerated in brief as follows.        

Five of these, namely, Samvibhaga, Akrodha, Kshama, Shaucha and Adroha are extremely relevant in the context of the employer-employee relationship. They are enumerated in brief as follows.        

=== Samvibhaga ===

=== संविभागः ॥ Samvibhaga ===

The principle of" Samvibhagaha", requires that the employers must share the profit arising out of running any industry or business with the employees. It means that as an employer runs his business, trade or industry only with the help of the employees, they should be given a reasonable share in the profit earned. If the principle of 'Samvibhagaha' remains uppermost in the mind of the employers and in the light of this principle they regulate their own life style and appropriate only a reasonable portion of the profit for themselves and distribute the profit among the employees, the relationship between the two would be cordial, and it would also promote a sense of gratitude among the employees towards the employers, which in turn increases the output of work both in quality and quantity. It is a matter of common knowledge that only when the employees see that the employers are indulging in extravagant and wasteful expenditure, while denying a reasonable share of profit to the employees, the industrial unrest begins. Even today, we see that in certain industries or business or trade, where employers look after their employees as their own children with love and affection and give a reasonable share in the profit to them, not only is the relationship between the two cordial but also the efficiency of the workers increases and they work as missionaries and not as mercenaries. Therefore, the principle of Samvibhaga constituted the fundamental Dharma to be observed by the employers towards their employees.

The principle of "Samvibhaga", entails that the employers share the profit arising out of running any industry or business with the employees. An employer runs his business, trade or industry with the help of the employees. Therefore, they should be given a reasonable share in the profit earned.  

=== Akrodha ===

 

=== अक्रोध: ॥ Akrodha ===

Akrodhaha means to be free from anger. On many occasions on account of anger, human beings commit atrocities on others, which might result in irreparable loss and injury, causing misery not only to the victims but also to the perpetrator of wrong acts. This general rule also regulated the relationship of employers and employees. There are many instances in which anger exhibited frequently without justification and disproportionate to the situation by the employers against the employees strain their relationship. The employees feel humiliated and as a result they are unwilling to do their work with devotion. This is also one of the causes of industrial unrest. This principle of Akrodhaha warns employers against uncontrolled anger and therefore requires that even when an employee commits mistake, the employer's anger should not cross reasonable limits. This guideline equally applies to employees.

Akrodhaha means to be free from anger. On many occasions on account of anger, human beings commit atrocities on others, which might result in irreparable loss and injury, causing misery not only to the victims but also to the perpetrator of wrong acts. This general rule also regulated the relationship of employers and employees. There are many instances in which anger exhibited frequently without justification and disproportionate to the situation by the employers against the employees strain their relationship. The employees feel humiliated and as a result they are unwilling to do their work with devotion. This is also one of the causes of industrial unrest. This principle of Akrodhaha warns employers against uncontrolled anger and therefore requires that even when an employee commits mistake, the employer's anger should not cross reasonable limits. This guideline equally applies to employees.

=== Kshama ===

=== क्षमा ॥ Kshama ===

Forgiveness is also important. Being human, employees are bound to err, or even be guilty of misconduct. It is essential for the employer to excuse the employees for bonafide errors or mistakes and to impose only just punishment, when they have acted unjustly. The quantum of penalty must be in proportion to the gravity of the misconduct and should not be harsh. It is only in cases in which the misconduct is grave that the maximum or highest penalty is justified; only then should such penalty be imposed.

Forgiveness is also important. Being human, employees are bound to err, or even be guilty of misconduct. It is essential for the employer to excuse the employees for bonafide errors or mistakes and to impose only just punishment, when they have acted unjustly. The quantum of penalty must be in proportion to the gravity of the misconduct and should not be harsh. It is only in cases in which the misconduct is grave that the maximum or highest penalty is justified; only then should such penalty be imposed.

=== Shaucha ===

=== शौचम् ॥ Shaucha ===

Transperancy -This means whether a person is an employer/manager or employee, he should be honest and straight-forward. It is also called "'''trikarana shuddhi'''", namely: cleanliness in thought, word arid deed. This principle is also of considerable importance because thinking one thing, speaking differently and doing something else, by anyone destroys the confidence in him and affects his reliability. Therefore, such a conduct was tabooed. It is indisputable that the following of this rule of Dharma both by the employers and the employees is most conducive to the smooth running of any department of Government, trade, business or industry and for cordial relationship between employers and employees.

Transperancy -This means whether a person is an employer/manager or employee, he should be honest and straight-forward. It is also called "'''trikarana shuddhi'''", namely: cleanliness in thought, word arid deed. This principle is also of considerable importance because thinking one thing, speaking differently and doing something else, by anyone destroys the confidence in him and affects his reliability. Therefore, such a conduct was tabooed. It is indisputable that the following of this rule of Dharma both by the employers and the employees is most conducive to the smooth running of any department of Government, trade, business or industry and for cordial relationship between employers and employees.

=== Adroha ===

=== अद्रोहः ॥ Adroha ===

Not betraying the confidence or trust reposed in on self. This principle required that an employee should not betray the confidence or trust reposed in him by the employer. He should not indulge in theft, cheating or misappropriation, or go slow in working etc., and thereby cause loss or injury to the employer.

Not betraying the confidence or trust reposed in on self. This principle required that an employee should not betray the confidence or trust reposed in him by the employer. He should not indulge in theft, cheating or misappropriation, or go slow in working etc., and thereby cause loss or injury to the employer.

The sense of gratitude which had been regarded as one of the basic rule of "Dharma", was applicable with greater force to the employers and employees. This meant that an employee should have to be grateful to the employer who provided him an employment, with the aid of which the employee not only learnt the job from the employer and acquired expertise, but also earned income. Similarly, an employer was required to have a sense of gratitude towards his employees, who toiled for him. Thus mutual co-operation with a sense of gratitude towards each other was made part of "Dharma" which is of eternal value for the success of any business, trade, industry or undertaking. In the absence of such attitude, both become utterly selfish. The employer would attempt to exploit the employees and the employees instead of being industrious, think of only demanding more wages and prerequisite without any concern for the interest of the employer or the trade, business or industry in which they are employed. Nowadays, it is a matter of common knowledge that in many cases the cause for industrial unrest or dispute is attempt by the employers to exploit workmen taking undue advantage of their helplessness. Similarly, there are also cases in which employees, after securing employment under an employer, and also acquiring experience and/or special training at his cost, either make unjust demands or desert the employer, the moment some other employer offers a little more salary as he is going to get a trained employee. Both such acts are instances of ingratitude and therefore contrary to Dharma.

The sense of gratitude which had been regarded as one of the basic rule of "Dharma", was applicable with greater force to the employers and employees. This meant that an employee should have to be grateful to the employer who provided him an employment, with the aid of which the employee not only learnt the job from the employer and acquired expertise, but also earned income. Similarly, an employer was required to have a sense of gratitude towards his employees, who toiled for him. Thus mutual co-operation with a sense of gratitude towards each other was made part of "Dharma" which is of eternal value for the success of any business, trade, industry or undertaking. In the absence of such attitude, both become utterly selfish. The employer would attempt to exploit the employees and the employees instead of being industrious, think of only demanding more wages and prerequisite without any concern for the interest of the employer or the trade, business or industry in which they are employed. Nowadays, it is a matter of common knowledge that in many cases the cause for industrial unrest or dispute is attempt by the employers to exploit workmen taking undue advantage of their helplessness. Similarly, there are also cases in which employees, after securing employment under an employer, and also acquiring experience and/or special training at his cost, either make unjust demands or desert the employer, the moment some other employer offers a little more salary as he is going to get a trained employee. Both such acts are instances of ingratitude and therefore contrary to Dharma.

=== Dharma for domestic servants ===

== Dharma for domestic servants ==

There has been a provision concerning domestic servants, which indicates that employer should ensure humane treatment to the employees.<blockquote>ये नित्या भात्किकास्तेषामनुपरोधेन संविभागो विहित: |काममात्मानं भार्यां पुत्रं कोपरुन्ध्यान्न त्वेव दासकर्मकरम् || </blockquote><blockquote>''ye nityā bhātkikāsteṣāmanuparodhena saṁvibhāgo vihita: | kāmamātmānaṁ bhāryāṁ putraṁ koparundhyānna tveva dāsakarmakaram ||''</blockquote>Meaning : While distributing food to all the guests, if there is any shortage of food, the householder may stint (reduce the share to) himself, his wife and children, but by no means the food due to should be reduced. (Apastamba Smriti - Vide Dharma Kosha -P-816)

There has been a provision concerning domestic servants, which indicates that employer should ensure humane treatment to the employees.<blockquote>ये नित्या भात्किकास्तेषामनुपरोधेन संविभागो विहित: |काममात्मानं भार्यां पुत्रं कोपरुन्ध्यान्न त्वेव दासकर्मकरम् || </blockquote><blockquote>''ye nityā bhātkikāsteṣāmanuparodhena saṁvibhāgo vihita: | kāmamātmānaṁ bhāryāṁ putraṁ koparundhyānna tveva dāsakarmakaram ||''</blockquote>Meaning : While distributing food to all the guests, if there is any shortage of food, the householder may stint (reduce the share to) himself, his wife and children, but by no means the food due to should be reduced. (Apastamba Smriti - Vide Dharma Kosha -P-816)

== References ==

== References ==

# M. RAMA JOIS, DHARMA - The Global Ethic, Published by "Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan

# M. RAMA JOIS, DHARMA - The Global Ethic, Published by "Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan