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= परिचयः ॥ Introduction =

== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==

Dharma regulates the conduct of all individuals in every sphere of human activity. One such aspect is the rules to be observed by both employers and the employees. These were part of Raja dharma (Constitutional Law) and Vyavahara dharma (The Law on various other topics) and applied to both government and private employment. There were eighteen major topics of law which were in force at the earliest point of time. Two of them  namely,   

Dharma regulates the conduct of all individuals in every sphere of human activity. One such aspect is the rules to be observed by both employers and the employees. These were part of Raja dharma (Constitutional Law) and Vyavahara dharma (The Law on various other topics) and applied to both government and private employment. There were eighteen major topics of law which were in force at the earliest point of time. Two of them  namely,   

* Swamipala Vivada ie. disputes between master and servant  

* Swamipala Vivada ie. disputes between master and servant  

laid down the Dharma of Employers and Employees. This law was expanded further from time to time as and when the situation demanded. Shukraniti contains several provisions which prescribe the duties of the employers towards employees and vice-versa.  

laid down the Dharma of Employers and Employees. This law was expanded further from time to time as and when the situation demanded. Shukraniti contains several provisions which prescribe the duties of the employers towards employees and vice-versa.  

== व्यवसायस्य मूलतत्त्वम् ॥ Salient Principles of Employment ==

== व्यवसायस्य मूलतत्त्वे ॥ Salient Principles of Employment ==

Two core principles governed the basic philosophy in the relationship between employers and employees. They were,

Two core principles governed the basic philosophy in the relationship between employers and employees. They were,

# The right to perform one's duty.

# The right to perform one's duty.

# Happiness of all.

# Happiness of all.

=== The right to perform one's duty. ===

=== कर्तव्याधिकारः ॥ Right to perform one's duty ===

Employers were required to discharge their obligations towards their employees and the employees were required to discharge their duty

Both, the employer and the employee were given the right to perform their duty. Wherein, the employers were required to discharge their obligations towards their employees and the employees were required to discharge their duty towards the employers. This Dharmic ideal endeavoured to establish a duty-based society. Its postulate was not only the duty of the individual towards the society but also the duty of the society towards the individuals through political, commercial and other organisations. The ancient thinkers of Bharata had clearly identified the mark of distinction in the approach to life in this land of Bharat and have recorded it in Vishnu Purana.

towards the employers. This Dharmic ideal endeavoured to establish a duty-based

society. Its postulate was not only the duty of the individual towards the society but also the duty of the society towards the individuals through political and commercial and other organisations. The ancient thinkers of Bharat

had clearly identified the mark of distinction in the approach to life in this

land Bharat and have recorded it in Vishnupurana. The stress was on the duty of an individual towards others (selflessness) and not on the right to fulfill selfish desires. This is also evident from the time-honoured statement in theBhagavadgeeta, which declared

"Your right is to perform your duty"(Karmanyevadhikaraste). Every individual was asked to be Dharma-abiding and discharge his duty towards the society so that all would live happily. The duty

The stress was on the duty of an individual towards others (selflessness) and not on the right to fulfill selfish desires. This is also evident from the time-honoured statement in the Bhagavad Gita which declared, <blockquote>कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते | ''karmaṇyevādhikāraste |'' </blockquote>Meaning: Your right is to perform your duty.

of the State as laid down in "Rajadharma"was to ensure that everyone conforms to Dharma. The doctrine of Laissez-faire was never accepted in this land.  

=== Happiness of all. ===

 

=== सर्वे जनाः सुखिनो भवन्तु ॥ Happiness of all. ===

2.  Another distinctive feature was the rejection of the principle of "the greatest good of the greatest number"''',''' according to which, in order to secure the good of a large number of persons, injustice could be caused to a small number of persons. The ideal laid down was,<blockquote>"sarve janah sukhino bhavantu"</blockquote>Meaning : Everyone should be happy.

2.  Another distinctive feature was the rejection of the principle of "the greatest good of the greatest number"''',''' according to which, in order to secure the good of a large number of persons, injustice could be caused to a small number of persons. The ideal laid down was,<blockquote>"sarve janah sukhino bhavantu"</blockquote>Meaning : Everyone should be happy.