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Line 155: − == Microcosmic Time Scale == − Just as the macrocosmic Yuga system is discussed extensively in various texts, the microcosmic time scale is also widely explained. − !Unit+ − !Definition+ − !Relation to SI units+ − |- − !Truti − |Base unit − |≈ 35.5 µs − |- − !Tatpara − |100 Truti − |≈ 3.55 ms − − − |30 Tatpara − |≈ 106.7 ms − |- − − |30 Nimesha − |≈ 3.2 s − !Kalā+ − + − − !Muhūrta+ − + − − !Nakṣatra Ahorātram (Sidereal Day)+ − + −
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Shivapurana mentions that Kala is controlled by Sadashiva with time based on the divisions involving Kshana, Truti, Lava, Nimesha, Kashtha, Muhurta, Day, NIght, Paksha, Masa, season, Samvatsara, Yuga, Kalpa and Mahakalpa<ref>Shastri, J. L. (1960) Shiva Purana, Volume 3, Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology Series. Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass Pvt. Ltd. ([https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.459585/page/n492 Adhyaya 25 of Uma Samhita on Page 1558])</ref> as given in the following slokas<blockquote>क्षणं त्रुटिर्लवं चैव निमेषं काष्ठकालिकम् ।। ३८ ।। </blockquote><blockquote>मुहूर्तकं त्वहोरात्रं पक्षमासर्तुवत्सरम् ।। अब्दं युगं तथा कल्पं महाकल्पं तथैव च ।। ३९ ।। </blockquote><blockquote>एवं स हरते कालः परिपाट्या सदाशिवः ।। (Shiv. Pura. 5.25.38 - 40)<ref>Shiva Purana (Samhita 5 (Uma Samhita) [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A5%AB_(%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE)/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB Adhyaya 25])</ref></blockquote>
Shivapurana mentions that Kala is controlled by Sadashiva with time based on the divisions involving Kshana, Truti, Lava, Nimesha, Kashtha, Muhurta, Day, NIght, Paksha, Masa, season, Samvatsara, Yuga, Kalpa and Mahakalpa<ref>Shastri, J. L. (1960) Shiva Purana, Volume 3, Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology Series. Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass Pvt. Ltd. ([https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.459585/page/n492 Adhyaya 25 of Uma Samhita on Page 1558])</ref> as given in the following slokas<blockquote>क्षणं त्रुटिर्लवं चैव निमेषं काष्ठकालिकम् ।। ३८ ।। </blockquote><blockquote>मुहूर्तकं त्वहोरात्रं पक्षमासर्तुवत्सरम् ।। अब्दं युगं तथा कल्पं महाकल्पं तथैव च ।। ३९ ।। </blockquote><blockquote>एवं स हरते कालः परिपाट्या सदाशिवः ।। (Shiv. Pura. 5.25.38 - 40)<ref>Shiva Purana (Samhita 5 (Uma Samhita) [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A5%AB_(%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE)/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB Adhyaya 25])</ref></blockquote>
== Kala in Surya Siddhanta ==
== Microcosmic Time Scale ==
<blockquote>प्राणादिः कथितो मूर्तः त्रुट्याद्योऽमूर्तसंज्ञकः । षड्भिःप्राणैः विनाडी स्यात्तत्षष्ट्या नाडिका स्मृता ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>नाडी षष्ट्या तु नाक्षत्रमहोरात्रं प्रकीर्तितम् । तत्त्रिंशता भवेन्मासः सावनोऽर्कोदयैःस्मृतः ॥</blockquote><blockquote>ऐन्दवस्तिथिभिः तद्वत्सङ्क्रान्त्या सौर उच्यते । मासैर्द्वादशभिर्वर्ष दिव्यं तदह उच्यते ॥ (Sury. Sidd. 11 - 13)<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>The time called Murta begins with Prana and the time called Amurta begins with Truti. The time which contains six Pranas is called Pala and that which contains sixty Palas is called a Nadika (also called Nadi or ghatika). The time which contains sixty Ghatikas is called Naakshatra Ahoratra (Sidereal Day and Night). Thirty Naakshatra Ahoratras makes up a Naakshatra Masa. Thirty Savana days (day counted from Sunrise to sunset) make a Savana month.
Just as the macrocosmic Yuga system is discussed extensively in various texts, the microcosmic time scale is also widely explained. A few systems are discussed.
=== Surya Siddhanta ===
<blockquote>प्राणादिः कथितो मूर्तः त्रुट्याद्योऽमूर्तसंज्ञकः । षड्भिःप्राणैः विनाडी स्यात्तत्षष्ट्या नाडिका स्मृता ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>नाडी षष्ट्या तु नाक्षत्रमहोरात्रं प्रकीर्तितम् । तत्त्रिंशता भवेन्मासः सावनोऽर्कोदयैःस्मृतः ॥</blockquote><blockquote>ऐन्दवस्तिथिभिः तद्वत्सङ्क्रान्त्या सौर उच्यते । मासैर्द्वादशभिर्वर्ष दिव्यं तदह उच्यते ॥ (Sury. Sidd. 11 - 13)<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>Summary : The time called Murta begins with Prana and the time called Amurta begins with Truti. The time which contains six Pranas is called Pala and that which contains sixty Palas is called a Nadika (also called Nadi or ghatika). The time which contains sixty Ghatikas is called Naakshatra Ahoratra (Sidereal Day and Night). Thirty Naakshatra Ahoratras makes up a Naakshatra Masa. Thirty Savana days (day counted from Sunrise to sunset) make a Savana month.
10 gurvakshara uccharana kala = 1 prana
10 gurvakshara uccharana kala = 1 prana
60 nadi = 1 day
60 nadi = 1 day
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Microcosmic Time
!No
!Surya Siddhanta
|-
!Nimesha
!Kāṣṭhā
|-
|-
|1
|30 Kāṣṭhā
|
|≈ 1.6 min
|-
|-
|
|30 Kalā
|
|≈ 48 min
|-
|-
|
|30 Muhūrta
|
|≈ 24 h
|}
|}