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=== कल्पम् ॥ Kalpa ===

=== कल्पम् ॥ Kalpa ===

Kalpa is the period of one thousand Chaturyugas or Mahayugas, forming a day of Brahma. A Kalpa is divided into 14 [[Manvantaras (मन्वन्तराणि)]], and there is a Manu, the patriarch, of each of the 14 Manvantaras. The list of Manus who were the rulers in different Manvantaras is given variously in different Puranas. Bhagavata Purana mentions as follows  <blockquote>त्रिलोक्या युगसाहस्रं बहिराब्रह्मणो दिनम् । तावत्येव निशा तात यन्निमीलति विश्वसृक् ॥ २२ ॥ (Bhag. Pura. 3.11.22)</blockquote><blockquote>निशावसान आरब्धो लोककल्पोऽनुवर्तते । यावद्दिनं भगवतो मनून् भुञ्जंश्चतुर्दश ॥ २३ ॥(Bhag. Pura. 3.11.23)<ref name=":3" /> </blockquote>Summary : A day of Brahma consists of one thousand cycles of four yugas (when creation proceeds). The night is also of the same duration when Brahma withdraws from creation (and is said to be in sleep). At the end of the night (cyclic time) the creation of the world (Kalpa) and proceeds so long as it is Brahma's day which covers the time period of fourteen Manus.

Kalpa is the period of one thousand Chaturyugas or Mahayugas, forming a day of Brahma. A Kalpa is divided into 14 [[Manvantaras (मन्वन्तराणि)]], and there is a Manu, the patriarch, of each of the 14 Manvantaras. The list of Manus who were the rulers in different Manvantaras is given variously in different Puranas. Bhagavata Purana mentions as follows  <blockquote>त्रिलोक्या युगसाहस्रं बहिराब्रह्मणो दिनम् । तावत्येव निशा तात यन्निमीलति विश्वसृक् ॥ २२ ॥ (Bhag. Pura. 3.11.22)</blockquote><blockquote>निशावसान आरब्धो लोककल्पोऽनुवर्तते । यावद्दिनं भगवतो मनून् भुञ्जंश्चतुर्दश ॥ २३ ॥(Bhag. Pura. 3.11.23)<ref name=":3" /> </blockquote>Summary : A day of Brahma consists of one thousand cycles of four yugas (when creation proceeds). The night is also of the same duration when Brahma withdraws from creation (and is said to be in sleep). At the end of the night (cyclic time) the creation of the world (Kalpa) and proceeds so long as it is Brahma's day which covers the time period of fourteen Manus.  

 

  1 Kalpa = 1 Day of Brahma

  1 Kalpa = 1 Day of Brahma

The largest Indian time cycle is that of 100 years of the life of Brahma. Like [[Indra (इन्द्रः)|Indra]] is a position, Brahma is also a position of a creator.  <blockquote>एवंविधैरहोरात्रैः कालगत्योपलक्षितैः । अपक्षितमिवास्यापि परमायुर्वयःशतम् ॥ ३२ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>यदर्धमायुषस्तस्य परार्धमभिधीयते । पूर्वः परार्धोऽपक्रान्तो ह्यपरोऽद्य प्रवर्तते ॥ ३३ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>पूर्वस्यादौ परार्धस्य ब्राह्मो नाम महानभूत् । कल्पो यत्राभवद्‍ब्रह्मा शब्दब्रह्मेति यं विदुः ॥ ३४ ॥ (Bhag. Pura. 3.11.32-34)<ref name=":3" /></blockquote>Summary : In due course of Kala, with such types of days and nights as described above, even the Ayu (long span of life) of 100 years of Brahma comes to an end. Half of this Brahmayu is called Parardha (परार्धः). The first parardha of Brahma's life has passed, now the other half is running.   

The largest Indian time cycle is that of 100 years of the life of Brahma. Like [[Indra (इन्द्रः)|Indra]] is a position, Brahma is also a position of a creator.  <blockquote>एवंविधैरहोरात्रैः कालगत्योपलक्षितैः । अपक्षितमिवास्यापि परमायुर्वयःशतम् ॥ ३२ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>यदर्धमायुषस्तस्य परार्धमभिधीयते । पूर्वः परार्धोऽपक्रान्तो ह्यपरोऽद्य प्रवर्तते ॥ ३३ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>पूर्वस्यादौ परार्धस्य ब्राह्मो नाम महानभूत् । कल्पो यत्राभवद्‍ब्रह्मा शब्दब्रह्मेति यं विदुः ॥ ३४ ॥ (Bhag. Pura. 3.11.32-34)<ref name=":3" /></blockquote>Summary : In due course of Kala, with such types of days and nights as described above, even the Ayu (long span of life) of 100 years of Brahma comes to an end. Half of this Brahmayu is called Parardha (परार्धः). The first parardha of Brahma's life has passed, now the other half is running.   

Purva parardha which constitutes the first fifty years and Dvitiya parardha which make the later fifty years of Brahma's age. At the beginning of the purva parardha, there was great Kalpa called Brahma Kalpa when Brahma was born called as Sabda Brahma. The subsequent Kalpa was called Padma Kalpa, when Brahma is said to have sprouted from the like-like navel of Hari in the form of world-like lotus.   

Purva parardha constitutes the first fifty years and Dvitiya parardha makes the later fifty years of Brahma's age. At the beginning of the purva parardha, there was great Kalpa called Brahma Kalpa when Brahma was born called as Sabda Brahma. The subsequent Kalpa was called Padma Kalpa, when Brahma is said to have sprouted from the navel of Hari in the form of world-like lotus.   

=== Current Kala ===

=== Current Kala ===

Currently we are in the Vaivasvata Manvantara, the seventh Manvantara of the Svetavaraha Kalpa, which is at the beginning of the second Parardha, or the fifty-first year of the current 100 year cycle of Brahma.<blockquote>अयं तु कथितः कल्पो द्वितीयस्यापि भारत । वाराह इति विख्यातो यत्रासीत् शूकरो हरिः ॥ ३६ ॥ (Bhag. Pura. 3.11.36)<ref name=":3" /></blockquote>Sumamary : The present Kalpa of the second Parardha is known as Varaha (pertaining to the boar) as Hari assumed the boar-form (शूकरः) in this Kalpa.

Currently we are in the Vaivasvata Manvantara, the seventh Manvantara of the Svetavaraha Kalpa, which is at the beginning of the second Parardha, or the fifty-first year of the current 100 year cycle of Brahma.<blockquote>अयं तु कथितः कल्पो द्वितीयस्यापि भारत । वाराह इति विख्यातो यत्रासीत् शूकरो हरिः ॥ ३६ ॥ (Bhag. Pura. 3.11.36)<ref name=":3" /></blockquote>Sumamary : The present Kalpa of the second Parardha is known as Varaha (pertaining to the boar) as Hari assumed the boar-form (शूकरः) in this Kalpa.

Present Kalpa = Svetavaraha Kalpa   

Present Kalpa = Svetavaraha Kalpa (51 year of the 100 years of Brahma Ayuh)  

Present Manvantara = Vaivasvata Manvantara (seventh of the 14 Manvantaras)   

Present Manvantara = Vaivasvata Manvantara (seventh of the 14 Manvantaras)   

Present Mahayuga = 28th (of the 71 Mahayugas)   

Present Mahayuga = 28th (of the 71 Mahayugas)   

Present Chaturyuga = Kaliyuga   

Present Chaturyuga = Kaliyuga (4th of the Chaturyugas)    

As mentioned above the 100 years of life of Brahma is discussed in this section.   

As mentioned above the 100 years of life of Brahma is discussed in this section.   

== Microcosmic Time Scale ==

== Microcosmic Time Scale ==

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