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== श्राद्धकार्यविधिः ॥ Shraddha Karya Vidhi ==

== श्राद्धकार्यविधिः ॥ Shraddha Karya Vidhi ==

* Let him first invite a (Brahmana) in honour of the gods as a protection for the (offering to the forefathers); for the Rakshasas destroy a funeral sacrifice which is left without such a protection. (3.204)

* One should first perform a Devakarya (offering in honour of the gods) as a protection for the offering to the forefathers; because the Rakshasas destroy a funeral sacrifice which is left without such a protection.Therefore, One should begin and end the Shraddha with a rite in honour of the gods; and not with a rite to the forefathers; for he who makes it begin and end with a rite in honour of the forefathers, soon perishes together with his progeny (Manu Smrt. 3.204 and 3.205).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>तेषां आरक्षभूतं तु पूर्वं दैवं नियोजयेत् । रक्सांसि विप्रलुम्पन्ति श्राद्धं आरक्षवर्जितम् || ३.२०४ ||</blockquote><blockquote>दैवाद्यन्तं तदीहेत पित्राद्यन्तं न तद्भवेत् । पित्राद्यन्तं त्वीहमानः क्षिप्रं नश्यति सान्वयः || ३.२०५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>teṣāṁ ārakṣabhūtaṁ tu pūrvaṁ daivaṁ niyojayet । raksāṁsi vipralumpanti śrāddhaṁ ārakṣavarjitam || 3.204 ||</blockquote>

* Let him make (the Shraddha) begin and end with (a rite) in honour of the gods; it shall not begin and end with a (rite) to the forefathers; for he who makes it begin and end with a (rite) in honour of the forefathers, soon perishes together with his progeny. (3.205)

<blockquote>daivādyantaṁ tadīheta pitrādyantaṁ na tadbhavet । pitrādyantaṁ tvīhamānaḥ kṣipraṁ naśyati sānvayaḥ || 3.205 ||</blockquote>

<blockquote>दैवाद्यन्तं तदीहेत पित्राद्यन्तं न तद्भवेत् । पित्राद्यन्तं त्वीहमानः क्षिप्रं नश्यति सान्वयः || ३.२०५ ||</blockquote><blockquote>daivādyantaṁ tadīheta pitrādyantaṁ na tadbhavet । pitrādyantaṁ tvīhamānaḥ kṣipraṁ naśyati sānvayaḥ || 3.205 ||</blockquote>

* Then one should smear a pure and secluded place with cowdung, and carefully make it sloping towards the south. The forefathers are always pleased with offerings made in open, naturally pure places, on the banks of rivers, and in secluded spots (Manu Smrt. 3.206 and 3.207).<ref name=":1" />

* Let him smear a pure and secluded place with cowdung, and carefully make it sloping towards the south. (3.206) The forefathers are always pleased with offerings made in open, naturally pure places, on the banks of rivers, and in secluded spots. (3.207)

<blockquote>शुचिं देशं विविक्तं च गोमयेनोपलेपयेत् । दक्षिनाप्रवणं चैव प्रयत्नेनोपपादयेत् || ३.२०६ ||</blockquote><blockquote>अवकाशेषु चोक्षेषु जलतीरेषु चैव हि । विविक्तेषु च तुष्यन्ति दत्तेन पितरः सदा || ३.२०७ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>śuciṁ deśaṁ viviktaṁ ca gomayenopalepayet । dakṣināpravaṇaṁ caiva prayatnenopapādayet || 3.206 || </blockquote><blockquote>avakāśeṣu cokṣeṣu jalatīreṣu caiva hi । vivikteṣu ca tuṣyanti dattena pitaraḥ sadā || 3.207 ||</blockquote>

<blockquote>शुचिं देशं विविक्तं च गोमयेनोपलेपयेत् । दक्षिनाप्रवणं चैव प्रयत्नेनोपपादयेत् || ३.२०६ ||</blockquote><blockquote>अवकाशेषु चोक्षेषु जलतीरेषु चैव हि । विविक्तेषु च तुष्यन्ति दत्तेन पितरः सदा || ३.२०७ ||</blockquote><blockquote>śuciṁ deśaṁ viviktaṁ ca gomayenopalepayet । dakṣināpravaṇaṁ caiva prayatnenopapādayet || 3.206 || </blockquote><blockquote>avakāśeṣu cokṣeṣu jalatīreṣu caiva hi । vivikteṣu ca tuṣyanti dattena pitaraḥ sadā || 3.207 ||</blockquote>

* Then one should make the invited Brahmanas, sit down on separate, prepared seats of Kusa grass. Having seated those virtuous Brahmanas on their seats, he should honour them with fragrant perfumes, sandalwood, flowers, incense,etc beginning with those called in honour of the Vishvedevas followed by those for the Pitrs. (Manu Smrt. 3.208 and 3.209)<ref name=":1" />

* The (sacrificer) shall make the (invited) Brahmanas, who have duly performed their ablutions, sit down on separate, prepared seats, on which blades of Kusa grass have been placed. (3.208) Having placed those blameless Brahmanas on their seats, he shall honour them with fragrant garlands and perfumes, beginning with (those who are invited in honour of) the gods. (3.209)

<blockquote>आसनेषूपक्ल्प्तेषु बर्हिष्मत्सु पृथक्पृथक् । उपस्पृष्टोदकान्सम्यग्विप्रांस्तानुपवेशयेत् || ३.२०८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>उपवेश्य तु तान्विप्रानासनेष्वजुगुप्सितान् । गन्धमाल्यैः सुरभिभिरर्चयेद्दैवपूर्वकम् || ३.२०९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>āsaneṣūpaklpteṣu barhiṣmatsu pr̥thakpr̥thak । upaspr̥ṣṭodakānsamyagviprāṁstānupaveśayet || 3.208 ||</blockquote><blockquote>upaveśya tu tānviprānāsaneṣvajugupsitān । gandhamālyaiḥ surabhibhirarcayeddaivapūrvakam || 3.209 ||</blockquote>

<blockquote>आसनेषूपक्ल्प्तेषु बर्हिष्मत्सु पृथक्पृथक् । उपस्पृष्टोदकान्सम्यग्विप्रांस्तानुपवेशयेत् || ३.२०८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>उपवेश्य तु तान्विप्रानासनेष्वजुगुप्सितान् । गन्धमाल्यैः सुरभिभिरर्चयेद्दैवपूर्वकम् || ३.२०९ ||</blockquote><blockquote>āsaneṣūpaklpteṣu barhiṣmatsu pr̥thakpr̥thak । upaspr̥ṣṭodakānsamyagviprāṁstānupaveśayet || 3.208 ||</blockquote><blockquote>upaveśya tu tānviprānāsaneṣvajugupsitān । gandhamālyaiḥ surabhibhirarcayeddaivapūrvakam || 3.209 ||</blockquote>

* Having presented to them Arghya with sesame and blades of Kusa grass, one should offer oblations in the sacred fire with the Brahmanas called for the Shraddha, after having taken permission from everyone. (Manu Smrt. 3.210).<ref name=":1" />

* Having presented to them water, sesamum grains, and blades of Kusa grass, the Brahmana (sacrificer) shall offer (oblations) in the sacred fire, after having received permission (to do so) from (all) the Brahmana (guests) conjointly. (3.210)

<blockquote>तेषां उदकं आनीय सपवित्रांस्तिलानपि । अग्नौ कुर्यादनुज्ञातो ब्राह्मणो ब्राह्मणैः सह || ३.२१० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>teṣāṁ udakaṁ ānīya sapavitrāṁstilānapi । agnau kuryādanujñāto brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇaiḥ saha || 3.210 ||</blockquote>

<blockquote>तेषां उदकं आनीय सपवित्रांस्तिलानपि । अग्नौ कुर्यादनुज्ञातो ब्राह्मणो ब्राह्मणैः सह || ३.२१० ||</blockquote><blockquote>teṣāṁ udakaṁ ānīya sapavitrāṁstilānapi । agnau kuryādanujñāto brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇaiḥ saha || 3.210 ||</blockquote>

* One should first, please Agni, Soma and Yama with oblations, afterwards on should satisfy the forefathers by offering of sacrificial food. But if no sacred fire is available, one shall place the three offerings into the hand of a Brahmana; for Brahmanas are considered a form of Agni. Also, Pitrkarma must not be made in laukika agni and an Agnihotri (Brahmana who keeps a sacred fire) may perform Shraddha only on the new-moon day. (Manu Smrt. 3.211, 212 and 282).<ref name=":1" />

* Having first, according to the rule, performed, as a means of protecting (the Shraddha), oblations to Agni, to Soma, and to Yama, let him afterwards satisfy the forefathers by a gift of sacrificial food. (3.211) But if no (sacred) fire (is available), he shall place (the offerings) into the hand of a Brahmana; for Brahmanas who know the sacred texts declare, 'What fire is, even such is a Brahmana.'(3.212) The burnt-oblation, offered at a sacrifice to the forefathers, must not be made in a common fire; a Brahmana who keeps a sacred fire (shall) not (perform) a funeral sacrifice except on the new-moon day. (3.282)

<blockquote>अग्नेः सोमयमाभ्यां च कृत्वाप्यायनं आदितः । हविर्दानेन विधिवत्पश्चात्संतर्पयेत्पितॄन् || ३.२११ ||</blockquote><blockquote>अग्न्यभावे तु विप्रस्य पाणावेवोपपादयेत् । यो ह्यग्निः स द्विजो विप्रैर्मन्त्रदर्शिभिरुच्यते || ३.२१२ ||</blockquote><blockquote>न पैतृयज्ञियो होमो लौकिकेऽग्नौ विधीयते । न दर्शेन विना श्राद्धं आहिताग्नेर्द्विजन्मनः || ३.२८२ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>agneḥ somayamābhyāṁ ca kr̥tvāpyāyanaṁ āditaḥ । havirdānena vidhivatpaścātsaṁtarpayetpitr̥̄n || 3.211 ||</blockquote><blockquote>agnyabhāve tu viprasya pāṇāvevopapādayet । yo hyagniḥ sa dvijo viprairmantradarśibhirucyate || 3.212 ||</blockquote><blockquote>na paitr̥yajñiyo homo laukike'gnau vidhīyate । na darśena vinā śrāddhaṁ āhitāgnerdvijanmanaḥ || 3.282 ||</blockquote>

<blockquote>अग्नेः सोमयमाभ्यां च कृत्वाप्यायनं आदितः । हविर्दानेन विधिवत्पश्चात्संतर्पयेत्पितॄन् || ३.२११ ||</blockquote><blockquote>अग्न्यभावे तु विप्रस्य पाणावेवोपपादयेत् । यो ह्यग्निः स द्विजो विप्रैर्मन्त्रदर्शिभिरुच्यते || ३.२१२ ||</blockquote><blockquote>न पैतृयज्ञियो होमो लौकिकेऽग्नौ विधीयते । न दर्शेन विना श्राद्धं आहिताग्नेर्द्विजन्मनः || ३.२८२ ||</blockquote><blockquote>agneḥ somayamābhyāṁ ca kr̥tvāpyāyanaṁ āditaḥ । havirdānena vidhivatpaścātsaṁtarpayetpitr̥̄n || 3.211 ||</blockquote><blockquote>agnyabhāve tu viprasya pāṇāvevopapādayet । yo hyagniḥ sa dvijo viprairmantradarśibhirucyate || 3.212 ||</blockquote><blockquote>na paitr̥yajñiyo homo laukike'gnau vidhīyate । na darśena vinā śrāddhaṁ āhitāgnerdvijanmanaḥ || 3.282 ||</blockquote>

* After he has performed (the oblations) in the fire, (and) the whole series of ceremonies in such a manner that they end in the south, let him sprinkle water with his right hand on the spot (where the cakes are to be placed). (3.214) But having made three cakes out of the remainder of that sacrificial food, he must, concentrating his mind and turning towards the south, place them on (Kusa grass) exactly in the same manner in which (he poured out the libations of) water. (3.215)

* After he has performed (the oblations) in the fire, (and) the whole series of ceremonies in such a manner that they end in the south, let him sprinkle water with his right hand on the spot (where the cakes are to be placed). (3.214) But having made three cakes out of the remainder of that sacrificial food, he must, concentrating his mind and turning towards the south, place them on (Kusa grass) exactly in the same manner in which (he poured out the libations of) water. (3.215)

<blockquote>अपसव्यं अग्नौ कृत्वा सर्वं आवृत्य विक्रमम् । अपसव्येन हस्तेन निर्वपेदुदकं भुवि || ३.२१४ ||</blockquote><blockquote>त्रींस्तु तस्माद्धविःशेषात्पिण्डान्कृत्वा समाहितः । औदकेनैव विधिना निर्वपेद्दक्षिणामुखः || ३.२१५ ||</blockquote><blockquote>apasavyaṁ agnau kr̥tvā sarvaṁ āvr̥tya vikramam । apasavyena hastena nirvapedudakaṁ bhuvi || 3.214 ||</blockquote><blockquote>trīṁstu tasmāddhaviḥśeṣātpiṇḍānkr̥tvā samāhitaḥ । audakenaiva vidhinā nirvapeddakṣiṇāmukhaḥ || 3.215 ||</blockquote>

<blockquote>अपसव्यं अग्नौ कृत्वा सर्वं आवृत्य विक्रमम् । अपसव्येन हस्तेन निर्वपेदुदकं भुवि || ३.२१४ ||</blockquote><blockquote>त्रींस्तु तस्माद्धविःशेषात्पिण्डान्कृत्वा समाहितः । औदकेनैव विधिना निर्वपेद्दक्षिणामुखः || ३.२१५ ||</blockquote><blockquote>apasavyaṁ agnau kr̥tvā sarvaṁ āvr̥tya vikramam । apasavyena hastena nirvapedudakaṁ bhuvi || 3.214 ||</blockquote><blockquote>trīṁstu tasmāddhaviḥśeṣātpiṇḍānkr̥tvā samāhitaḥ । audakenaiva vidhinā nirvapeddakṣiṇāmukhaḥ || 3.215 ||</blockquote>