Changes

== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==

== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==

It is said that, the sages, the forefathers, the gods, the Bhutas, and guests ask the householders (for offerings and gifts); hence he who knows (the law), must give to them (what is due to each). (Manu 3.80)<blockquote>ऋषयः पितरो देवा भूतान्यतिथयस्तथा । आशासते कुटुम्बिभ्यस्तेभ्यः कार्यं विजानता ॥ ३.८० ॥<ref name=":0">Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 3]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>r̥ṣayaḥ pitaro devā bhūtānyatithayastathā । āśāsate kuṭumbibhyastebhyaḥ kāryaṁ vijānatā ॥ 3.80 ॥</blockquote>And the forefathers are to be worshiped by funeral offerings (Shraddha) - पितॄञ् श्राद्धैश्च | pitr̥̄ñ śrāddhaiśca | (Manu 3.81)<ref name=":0" /> Infact, for dvijas (brahmanas) men the rite in honour of the forefathers is more important than the rite in honour of the gods; for the offering to the gods which precedes (the Shraddhas), has been declared to be a means of fortifying (the latter). (3.203)<blockquote>दैवकार्याद्द्विजातीनां पितृकार्यं विशिष्यते । दैवं हि पितृकार्यस्य पूर्वं आप्यायनं स्मृतम् । । ३.२०३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>daivakāryāddvijātīnāṁ pitr̥kāryaṁ viśiṣyate । daivaṁ hi pitr̥kāryasya pūrvaṁ āpyāyanaṁ smr̥tam । । 3.203 । ।</blockquote>

It is said that, the sages, the forefathers, the gods, the Bhutas, and guests ask the householders (for offerings and gifts); hence he who knows (the law), must give to them (what is due to each). (Manu 3.80)<blockquote>ऋषयः पितरो देवा भूतान्यतिथयस्तथा । आशासते कुटुम्बिभ्यस्तेभ्यः कार्यं विजानता ॥ ३.८० ॥<ref name=":0">Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 3]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>r̥ṣayaḥ pitaro devā bhūtānyatithayastathā । āśāsate kuṭumbibhyastebhyaḥ kāryaṁ vijānatā ॥ 3.80 ॥</blockquote>And the forefathers are to be worshiped by funeral offerings (Shraddha) - पितॄञ् श्राद्धैश्च | pitr̥̄ñ śrāddhaiśca | (Manu 3.81)<ref name=":0" /> Infact, for dvijas (brahmanas) the rite in honour of the forefathers is more important than the rite in honour of the gods; for the offering to the gods which precedes (the Shraddhas), has been declared to be a means of fortifying (the latter). (3.203)<blockquote>दैवकार्याद्द्विजातीनां पितृकार्यं विशिष्यते । दैवं हि पितृकार्यस्य पूर्वं आप्यायनं स्मृतम् । । ३.२०३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>daivakāryāddvijātīnāṁ pitr̥kāryaṁ viśiṣyate । daivaṁ hi pitr̥kāryasya pūrvaṁ āpyāyanaṁ smr̥tam । । 3.203 । ।</blockquote>

== पितृवंशः ॥ The Clan of Ancestors ==

== पितृवंशः ॥ The Clan of Ancestors ==

<blockquote>अग्नेः सोमयमाभ्यां च कृत्वाप्यायनं आदितः । हविर्दानेन विधिवत्पश्चात्संतर्पयेत्पितॄन् । । ३.२११ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>अग्न्यभावे तु विप्रस्य पाणावेवोपपादयेत् । यो ह्यग्निः स द्विजो विप्रैर्मन्त्रदर्शिभिरुच्यते । । ३.२१२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>agneḥ somayamābhyāṁ ca kr̥tvāpyāyanaṁ āditaḥ । havirdānena vidhivatpaścātsaṁtarpayetpitr̥̄n । । 3.211 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>agnyabhāve tu viprasya pāṇāvevopapādayet । yo hyagniḥ sa dvijo viprairmantradarśibhirucyate । । 3.212 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>अग्नेः सोमयमाभ्यां च कृत्वाप्यायनं आदितः । हविर्दानेन विधिवत्पश्चात्संतर्पयेत्पितॄन् । । ३.२११ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>अग्न्यभावे तु विप्रस्य पाणावेवोपपादयेत् । यो ह्यग्निः स द्विजो विप्रैर्मन्त्रदर्शिभिरुच्यते । । ३.२१२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>agneḥ somayamābhyāṁ ca kr̥tvāpyāyanaṁ āditaḥ । havirdānena vidhivatpaścātsaṁtarpayetpitr̥̄n । । 3.211 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>agnyabhāve tu viprasya pāṇāvevopapādayet । yo hyagniḥ sa dvijo viprairmantradarśibhirucyate । । 3.212 । ।</blockquote>

* After he has performed (the oblations) in the fire, (and) the whole series of ceremonies in such a manner that they end in the south, let him sprinkle water with his right hand on the spot (where the cakes are to be placed). (3.214) But having made three cakes out of the remainder of that sacrificial food, he must, concentrating his mind and turning towards the south, place them on (Kusa grass) exactly in the same manner in which (he poured out the libations of) water. (3.215)

* After he has performed (the oblations) in the fire, (and) the whole series of ceremonies in such a manner that they end in the south, let him sprinkle water with his right hand on the spot (where the cakes are to be placed). (3.214) But having made three cakes out of the remainder of that sacrificial food, he must, concentrating his mind and turning towards the south, place them on (Kusa grass) exactly in the same manner in which (he poured out the libations of) water. (3.215)

<blockquote>अपसव्यं अग्नौ कृत्वा सर्वं आवृत्य विक्रमम् । अपसव्येन हस्तेन निर्वपेदुदकं भुवि । । ३.२१४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>त्रींस्तु तस्माद्धविःशेषात्पिण्डान्कृत्वा समाहितः । औदकेनैव विधिना निर्वपेद्दक्षिणामुखः । । ३.२१५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>apasavyaṁ agnau kr̥tvā sarvaṁ āvr̥tya vikramam । apasavyena hastena nirvapedudakaṁ bhuvi । । 3.214 । ।

<blockquote>अपसव्यं अग्नौ कृत्वा सर्वं आवृत्य विक्रमम् । अपसव्येन हस्तेन निर्वपेदुदकं भुवि । । ३.२१४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>त्रींस्तु तस्माद्धविःशेषात्पिण्डान्कृत्वा समाहितः । औदकेनैव विधिना निर्वपेद्दक्षिणामुखः । । ३.२१५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>apasavyaṁ agnau kr̥tvā sarvaṁ āvr̥tya vikramam । apasavyena hastena nirvapedudakaṁ bhuvi । । 3.214 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>trīṁstu tasmāddhaviḥśeṣātpiṇḍānkr̥tvā samāhitaḥ । audakenaiva vidhinā nirvapeddakṣiṇāmukhaḥ । । 3.215 । ।</blockquote>

trīṁstu tasmāddhaviḥśeṣātpiṇḍānkr̥tvā samāhitaḥ । audakenaiva vidhinā nirvapeddakṣiṇāmukhaḥ । । 3.215 । ।</blockquote>

* Having offered those cakes according to the (prescribed) rule, being pure, let him wipe the same hand with (the roots of) those blades of Kusa grass for the sake of the (three ancestors) who partake of the wipings (lepa). (3.216)

* Having offered those cakes according to the (prescribed) rule, being pure, let him wipe the same hand with (the roots of) those blades of Kusa grass for the sake of the (three ancestors) who partake of the wipings (lepa). (3.216)

<blockquote>न्युप्य पिण्डांस्ततस्तांस्तु प्रयतो विधिपूर्वकम् । तेषु दर्भेषु तं हस्तं निर्मृज्याल्लेपभागिनाम् । । ३.२१६ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>nyupya piṇḍāṁstatastāṁstu prayato vidhipūrvakam । teṣu darbheṣu taṁ hastaṁ nirmr̥jyāllepabhāginām । । 3.216 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>न्युप्य पिण्डांस्ततस्तांस्तु प्रयतो विधिपूर्वकम् । तेषु दर्भेषु तं हस्तं निर्मृज्याल्लेपभागिनाम् । । ३.२१६ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>nyupya piṇḍāṁstatastāṁstu prayato vidhipūrvakam । teṣu darbheṣu taṁ hastaṁ nirmr̥jyāllepabhāginām । । 3.216 । ।</blockquote>

* Let him eagerly entertain at a funeral sacrifice a daughter's son, though he be a student, and let him place a Nepal blanket on the seat (of each guest), scattering sesamum grains on the ground. (3.234) There are three means of sanctification, (to be used) at a Shraddha, a daughter's son, a Nepal blanket, and sesamum grains; and they recommend three (other things) for it, cleanliness, suppression of anger, and absence of haste. (3.235)

* Let him eagerly entertain at a funeral sacrifice a daughter's son, though he be a student, and let him place a Nepal blanket on the seat (of each guest), scattering sesamum grains on the ground. (3.234) There are three means of sanctification, (to be used) at a Shraddha, a daughter's son, a Nepal blanket, and sesamum grains; and they recommend three (other things) for it, cleanliness, suppression of anger, and absence of haste. (3.235)

<blockquote>व्रतस्थं अपि दौहित्रं श्राद्धे यत्नेन भोजयेत् । कुतपं चासनं दद्यात्तिलैश्च विकिरेन्महीम् । । ३.२३४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>त्रीणि श्राद्धे पवित्राणि दौहित्रः कुतपस्तिलाः । त्रीणि चात्र प्रशंसन्ति शौचं अक्रोधं अत्वराम् । । ३.२३५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>vratasthaṁ api dauhitraṁ śrāddhe yatnena bhojayet । kutapaṁ cāsanaṁ dadyāttilaiśca vikirenmahīm । । 3.234 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>trīṇi śrāddhe pavitrāṇi dauhitraḥ kutapastilāḥ । trīṇi cātra praśaṁsanti śaucaṁ akrodhaṁ atvarām । । 3.235 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>व्रतस्थं अपि दौहित्रं श्राद्धे यत्नेन भोजयेत् । कुतपं चासनं दद्यात्तिलैश्च विकिरेन्महीम् । । ३.२३४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>त्रीणि श्राद्धे पवित्राणि दौहित्रः कुतपस्तिलाः । त्रीणि चात्र प्रशंसन्ति शौचं अक्रोधं अत्वराम् । । ३.२३५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>vratasthaṁ api dauhitraṁ śrāddhe yatnena bhojayet । kutapaṁ cāsanaṁ dadyāttilaiśca vikirenmahīm । । 3.234 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>trīṇi śrāddhe pavitrāṇi dauhitraḥ kutapastilāḥ । trīṇi cātra praśaṁsanti śaucaṁ akrodhaṁ atvarām । । 3.235 । ।</blockquote>

* To a Brahmana (householder), or to an ascetic who comes for food, he may, with the permission of (his) Brahmana (guests), show honour according to his ability. (3.243)

* To a Brahmana (householder), or to an ascetic who comes for food, he may, with the permission of (his) Brahmana (guests), show honour according to his ability. (3.243)

<blockquote>दातॄन्प्रतिग्रहीतॄंश्च कुरुते फलभागिनः । विदुषे दक्षिणां दत्त्वा विधिवत्प्रेत्य चेह च । । ३.१४३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>dātr̥̄npratigrahītr̥̄ṁśca kurute phalabhāginaḥ । viduṣe dakṣiṇāṁ dattvā vidhivatpretya ceha ca । । 3.143 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>ब्राह्मणं भिक्षुकं वापि भोजनार्थं उपस्थितम् ।<br>

ब्राह्मणैरभ्यनुज्ञातः शक्तितः प्रतिपूजयेत् । । ३.२४३[२३३ं] । ।</blockquote>

* Let him mix all the kinds of food together, sprinkle them with water and put them, scattering them (on Kusa grass), down on the ground in front of (his guests), when they have finished their meal. (3.244)

* Let him mix all the kinds of food together, sprinkle them with water and put them, scattering them (on Kusa grass), down on the ground in front of (his guests), when they have finished their meal. (3.244)

<blockquote>कामं श्राद्धेऽर्चयेन्मित्रं नाभिरूपं अपि त्वरिम् । द्विषता हि हविर्भुक्तं भवति प्रेत्य निष्फलम् । । ३.१४४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>kāmaṁ śrāddhe'rcayenmitraṁ nābhirūpaṁ api tvarim । dviṣatā hi havirbhuktaṁ bhavati pretya niṣphalam । । 3.144 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>सार्ववर्णिकं अन्नाद्यं संनीयाप्लाव्य वारिणा ।<br>

समुत्सृजेद्भुक्तवतां अग्रतो विकिरन्भुवि । । ३.२४४[२३४ं] । ।</blockquote>

* But before the performance of the Sapindikarana, one must feed at the funeral sacrifice in honour of a (recently-) deceased Aryan (one Brahmana) without (making an offering) to the gods, and give one cake only. (3.247) But after the Sapindikarana of the (deceased father) has been performed according to the sacred law, the sons must offer the cakes with those ceremonies, (described above.) (3.248)

* But before the performance of the Sapindikarana, one must feed at the funeral sacrifice in honour of a (recently-) deceased Aryan (one Brahmana) without (making an offering) to the gods, and give one cake only. (3.247) But after the Sapindikarana of the (deceased father) has been performed according to the sacred law, the sons must offer the cakes with those ceremonies, (described above.) (3.248)

<blockquote>एष वै प्रथमः कल्पः प्रदाने हव्यकव्ययोः । अनुकल्पस्त्वयं ज्ञेयः सदा सद्भिरनुष्ठितः । । ३.१४७ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>मातामहं मातुलं च स्वस्रीयं श्वशुरं गुरुम् । दौहित्रं विट्पतिं बन्धुं ऋत्विग्याज्यौ च भोजयेत् । । ३.१४८ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>eṣa vai prathamaḥ kalpaḥ pradāne havyakavyayoḥ । anukalpastvayaṁ jñeyaḥ sadā sadbhiranuṣṭhitaḥ । । 3.147 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>mātāmahaṁ mātulaṁ ca svasrīyaṁ śvaśuraṁ gurum । dauhitraṁ viṭpatiṁ bandhuṁ r̥tvigyājyau ca bhojayet । । 3.148 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>आसपिण्डक्रियाकर्म द्विजातेः संस्थितस्य तु ।<br>

अदैवं भोजयेच्छ्राद्धं पिण्डं एकं च निर्वपेत् । । ३.२४७[२३७ं] । ।</blockquote><blockquote>सहपिण्डक्रियायां तु कृतायां अस्य धर्मतः । अनयैवावृता कार्यं पिण्डनिर्वपनं सुतैः । । ३.२४८[२३८ं] । ।</blockquote>

* Having addressed the question, 'Have you dined well?' (to his guests), let him give water for sipping to them who are satisfied, and dismiss them, after they have sipped water, (with the words) 'Rest either (here or at home)!'(3.251)

* Having addressed the question, 'Have you dined well?' (to his guests), let him give water for sipping to them who are satisfied, and dismiss them, after they have sipped water, (with the words) 'Rest either (here or at home)!'(3.251)

<blockquote>जटिलं चानधीयानं दुर्बालं कितवं तथा । याजयन्ति च ये पूगांस्तांश्च श्राद्धे न भोजयेत् । । ३.१५१ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>jaṭilaṁ cānadhīyānaṁ durbālaṁ kitavaṁ tathā । yājayanti ca ye pūgāṁstāṁśca śrāddhe na bhojayet । । 3.151 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>पृष्ट्वा स्वदितं इत्येवं तृप्तानाचामयेत्ततः ।<br>

आचान्तांश्चानुजानीयादभितो रम्यतां इति । । ३.२५१[२४१ं] । ।</blockquote>

* The Brahmana (guests) shall then answer him, 'Let there be Svadha;' for at all rites in honour of the forefathers the word Svadha is the highest benison. (3.252)

* The Brahmana (guests) shall then answer him, 'Let there be Svadha;' for at all rites in honour of the forefathers the word Svadha is the highest benison. (3.252)

<blockquote>चिकित्सकान्देवलकान्मांसविक्रयिणस्तथा । विपणेन च जीवन्तो वर्ज्याः स्युर्हव्यकव्ययोः । । ३.१५२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>cikitsakāndevalakānmāṁsavikrayiṇastathā । vipaṇena ca jīvanto varjyāḥ syurhavyakavyayoḥ । । 3.152 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>स्वधास्त्वित्येव तं ब्रूयुर्ब्राह्मणास्तदनन्तरम् ।<br>

स्वधाकारः परा ह्याषीः सर्वेषु पितृकर्मसु । । ३.२५२[२४२ं] । ।</blockquote>

* Next let him inform (his guests) who have finished their meal, of the food which remains; with the permission of the Brahmanas let him dispose (of that), as they may direct. (3.253)

* Next let him inform (his guests) who have finished their meal, of the food which remains; with the permission of the Brahmanas let him dispose (of that), as they may direct. (3.253)

<blockquote>प्रेष्यो ग्रामस्य राज्ञश्च कुनखी श्यावदन्तकः । प्रतिरोद्धा गुरोश्चैव त्यक्ताग्निर्वार्धुषिस्तथा । । ३.१५३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>preṣyo grāmasya rājñaśca kunakhī śyāvadantakaḥ । pratiroddhā guroścaiva tyaktāgnirvārdhuṣistathā । । 3.153 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>ततो भुक्तवतां तेषां अन्नशेषं निवेदयेत् ।<br>

यथा ब्रूयुस्तथा कुर्यादनुज्ञातस्ततो द्विजैः । । ३.२५३[२४३ं] । ।</blockquote>

* At a (Shraddha) in honour of the forefathers one must use (in asking of the guests if they are satisfied, the word) svaditam; at a Goshthi-sraddha, (the word) susrutam; at a Vriddhi-sraddha, (the word) sampannam; and at (a rite) in honour of the gods, (the word) rukitam. (3.254)

* At a (Shraddha) in honour of the forefathers one must use (in asking of the guests if they are satisfied, the word) svaditam; at a Goshthi-sraddha, (the word) susrutam; at a Vriddhi-sraddha, (the word) sampannam; and at (a rite) in honour of the gods, (the word) rukitam. (3.254)

<blockquote>यक्ष्मी च पशुपालश्च परिवेत्ता निराकृतिः । ब्रह्मद्विट्परिवित्तिश्च गणाभ्यन्तर एव च । । ३.१५४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>yakṣmī ca paśupālaśca parivettā nirākr̥tiḥ । brahmadviṭparivittiśca gaṇābhyantara eva ca । । 3.154 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>पित्र्ये स्वदितं इत्येव वाच्यं गोष्ठे तु सुशृतम् ।<br>

संपन्नं इत्यभ्युदये दैवे रुचितं इत्यपि । । ३.२५४[२४४ं] । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>कुशीलवोऽवकीर्णी च वृषलीपतिरेव च । पौनर्भवश्च काणश्च यस्य चोपपतिर्गृहे । । ३.१५५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>kuśīlavo'vakīrṇī ca vr̥ṣalīpatireva ca । paunarbhavaśca kāṇaśca yasya copapatirgr̥he । । 3.155 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>अकारणे परित्यक्ता मातापित्रोर्गुरोस्तथा । ब्राह्मैर्यौनैश्च संबन्धैः संयोगं पतितैर्गतः । । ३.१५७ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>akāraṇe parityaktā mātāpitrorgurostathā । brāhmairyaunaiśca saṁbandhaiḥ saṁyogaṁ patitairgataḥ । । 3.157 । ।</blockquote>

* Having dismissed the (invited) Brahmanas, let him, with a concentrated mind, silent and pure, look towards the south and ask these blessings of the forefathers: (3.258) 'May liberal men abound with us! May (our knowledge of) the Vedas and (our) progeny increase! May faith not forsake us! May we have much to give (to the needy)!'(3.259)

* Having dismissed the (invited) Brahmanas, let him, with a concentrated mind, silent and pure, look towards the south and ask these blessings of the forefathers: (3.258) 'May liberal men abound with us! May (our knowledge of) the Vedas and (our) progeny increase! May faith not forsake us! May we have much to give (to the needy)!'(3.259)

<blockquote>अगारदाही गरदः कुण्डाशी सोमविक्रयी । समुद्रयायी बन्दी च तैलिकः कूटकारकः । । ३.१५८ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>पित्रा विवदमानश्च कितवो मद्यपस्तथा । पापरोग्यभिशस्तश्च दाम्भिको रसविक्रयी । । ३.१५९ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>agāradāhī garadaḥ kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī । samudrayāyī bandī ca tailikaḥ kūṭakārakaḥ । । 3.158 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>pitrā vivadamānaśca kitavo madyapastathā । pāparogyabhiśastaśca dāmbhiko rasavikrayī । । 3.159 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>विसृज्य ब्राह्मणांस्तांस्तु नियतो वाग्यतः शुचिः ।<br>

दक्षिणां दिशं आकाङ्क्षन्याचेतेमान्वरान्पितॄन् । । ३.२५८[२४८ं] । ।</blockquote><blockquote>दातारो नोऽभिवर्धन्तां वेदाः संततिरेव च । श्रद्धा च नो मा व्यगमद्बहुदेयं च नोऽस्त्विति । । ३.२५९[२४९ं] । ।</blockquote>

* Having thus offered (the cakes), let him, after (the prayer), cause a cow, a Brahmana, a goat, or the sacred fire to consume those cakes, or let him throw them into water. (3.260) Some make the offering of the cakes after (the dinner); some cause (them) to be eaten by birds or throw them into fire or into water. (3.261)

* Having thus offered (the cakes), let him, after (the prayer), cause a cow, a Brahmana, a goat, or the sacred fire to consume those cakes, or let him throw them into water. (3.260) Some make the offering of the cakes after (the dinner); some cause (them) to be eaten by birds or throw them into fire or into water. (3.261)

<blockquote>धनुःशराणां कर्ता च यश्चाग्रेदिधिषूपतिः । मित्रध्रुग्द्यूतवृत्तिश्च पुत्राचार्यस्तथैव च । । ३.१६० । ।</blockquote><blockquote>भ्रामरी गन्डमाली च श्वित्र्यथो पिशुनस्तथा । उन्मत्तोऽन्धश्च वर्ज्याः स्युर्वेदनिन्दक एव च । । ३.१६१ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>dhanuḥśarāṇāṁ kartā ca yaścāgredidhiṣūpatiḥ । mitradhrugdyūtavr̥ttiśca putrācāryastathaiva ca । । 3.160 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>bhrāmarī ganḍamālī ca śvitryatho piśunastathā । unmatto'ndhaśca varjyāḥ syurvedanindaka eva ca । । 3.161 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>एवं निर्वपणं कृत्वा पिण्डांस्तांस्तदनन्तरम् ।<br>

गां विप्रं अजं अग्निं वा प्राशयेदप्सु वा क्षिपेत् । । ३.२६०[२५०ं] । । </blockquote><blockquote>पिण्डनिर्वपणं के चित्परस्तादेव कुर्वते । वयोभिः खादयन्त्यन्ये प्रक्षिपन्त्यनलेऽप्सु वा । । ३.२६१[२५१ं] । ।</blockquote>

* The (sacrificer's) first wife, who is faithful and intent on the worship of the forefathers, may eat the middle-most cake, (if she be) desirous of bearing a son. (3.262) (Thus) she will bring forth a son who will be long-lived, famous, intelligent, rich, the father of numerous offspring, endowed with (the quality of) goodness, and righteous. (3.263)

* The (sacrificer's) first wife, who is faithful and intent on the worship of the forefathers, may eat the middle-most cake, (if she be) desirous of bearing a son. (3.262) (Thus) she will bring forth a son who will be long-lived, famous, intelligent, rich, the father of numerous offspring, endowed with (the quality of) goodness, and righteous. (3.263)

<blockquote>हस्तिगोऽश्वोष्ट्रदमको नक्षत्रैर्यश्च जीवति । पक्षिणां पोषको यश्च युद्धाचार्यस्तथैव च । । ३.१६२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>स्रोतसां भेदको यश्च तेषां चावरणे रतः । गृहसंवेशको दूतो वृक्षारोपक एव च । । ३.१६३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>hastigo'śvoṣṭradamako nakṣatrairyaśca jīvati । pakṣiṇāṁ poṣako yaśca yuddhācāryastathaiva ca । । 3.162 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>srotasāṁ bhedako yaśca teṣāṁ cāvaraṇe rataḥ । gr̥hasaṁveśako dūto vr̥kṣāropaka eva ca । । 3.163 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>पतिव्रता धर्मपत्नी पितृपूजनतत्परा ।<br>

मध्यमं तु ततः पिण्डं अद्यात्सम्यक्सुतार्थिनी । । ३.२६२[२५२ं] । ।</blockquote><blockquote>आयुष्मन्तं सुतं सूते यशोमेधासमन्वितम् । धनवन्तं प्रजावन्तं सात्त्विकं धार्मिकं तथा । । ३.२६३[२५३ं] । ।</blockquote>

* Having washed his hands and sipped water, let him prepare (food) for his paternal relations and, after giving it to them with due respect, let him feed his maternal relatives also. (3.264) But the remnants shall be left (where they lie) until the Brahmanas have been dismissed; afterwards he shall perform the (daily) domestic Bali-offering; that is a settled (rule of the) sacred law. (3.265)

* Having washed his hands and sipped water, let him prepare (food) for his paternal relations and, after giving it to them with due respect, let him feed his maternal relatives also. (3.264) But the remnants shall be left (where they lie) until the Brahmanas have been dismissed; afterwards he shall perform the (daily) domestic Bali-offering; that is a settled (rule of the) sacred law. (3.265)

<blockquote>श्वक्रीडी श्येनजीवी च कन्यादूषक एव च । हिंस्रो वृषलवृत्तिश्च गणानां चैव याजकः । । ३.१६४ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>आचारहीनः क्लीबश्च नित्यं याचनकस्तथा । कृषिजीवी श्लीपदी च सद्भिर्निन्दित एव च । । ३.१६५ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>śvakrīḍī śyenajīvī ca kanyādūṣaka eva ca । hiṁsro vr̥ṣalavr̥ttiśca gaṇānāṁ caiva yājakaḥ । । 3.164 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>ācārahīnaḥ klībaśca nityaṁ yācanakastathā । kr̥ṣijīvī ślīpadī ca sadbhirnindita eva ca । । 3.165 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>प्रक्साल्य हस्तावाचाम्य ज्ञातिप्रायं प्रकल्पयेत् ।<br>

 

ज्ञातिभ्यः सत्कृतं दत्त्वा बान्धवानपि भोजयेत् । । ३.२६४[२५४ं] । ।</blockquote><blockquote>उच्छेषणं तु तत्तिष्ठेद्यावद्विप्रा विसर्जिताः । ततो गृहबलिं कुर्यादिति धर्मो व्यवस्थितः । । ३.२६५[२५५ं] । ।</blockquote>

== श्राद्धनियमाः ॥ Rules governing Shraddha ==

== श्राद्धनियमाः ॥ Rules governing Shraddha ==

Manusmrti talks in detail about who and how many must be fed on the occasion of a Shraddha, who must be avoided, and what kind of food should be served. (Manu Smrt 3.124)<blockquote>तत्र ये भोजनीयाः स्युर्ये च वर्ज्या द्विजोत्तमाः । यावन्तश्चैव यैश्चान्नैस्तान्प्रवक्ष्याम्यशेषतः ॥ ३.१२४ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>tatra ye bhojanīyāḥ syurye ca varjyā dvijottamāḥ । yāvantaścaiva yaiścānnaistānpravakṣyāmyaśeṣataḥ ॥ 3.124 ॥</blockquote>

Manusmrti talks in detail about who and how many must be fed on the occasion of a Shraddha, who must be avoided, and what kind of food should be served. (Manu Smrt 3.124)<blockquote>तत्र ये भोजनीयाः स्युर्ये च वर्ज्या द्विजोत्तमाः । यावन्तश्चैव यैश्चान्नैस्तान्प्रवक्ष्याम्यशेषतः ॥ ३.१२४ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>tatra ye bhojanīyāḥ syurye ca varjyā dvijottamāḥ । yāvantaścaiva yaiścānnaistānpravakṣyāmyaśeṣataḥ ॥ 3.124 ॥</blockquote>

* It is said that, even water offered with faith (to the forefathers) in vessels made of silver or adorned with silver, produces endless (bliss). (3.202)

* It is said that, even water offered with faith (to the forefathers) in vessels made of silver or adorned with silver, produces endless (bliss). (3.202)

<blockquote>राजतैर्भाजनैरेषां अथो वा रजतान्वितैः । वार्यपि श्रद्धया दत्तं अक्षयायोपकल्पते । । ३.२०२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>rājatairbhājanaireṣāṁ atho vā rajatānvitaiḥ । vāryapi śraddhayā dattaṁ akṣayāyopakalpate । । 3.202 । ।</blockquote>

<blockquote>राजतैर्भाजनैरेषां अथो वा रजतान्वितैः । वार्यपि श्रद्धया दत्तं अक्षयायोपकल्पते । । ३.२०२ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>rājatairbhājanaireṣāṁ atho vā rajatānvitaiḥ । vāryapi śraddhayā dattaṁ akṣayāyopakalpate । । 3.202 । ।</blockquote>

 

=== श्राद्धभोजनम् ॥ Shraddha Bhojana ===

=== श्राद्धभोजनम् ॥ Shraddha Bhojana ===

* It is said that one must feed two (Brahmanas) at the offering to the gods, and three at the offering to the forefathers, or one only on either occasion; even a very wealthy man shall not be anxious (to entertain) a large company. (Manu 3.125) Because a large company destroys these five (advantages) - the respectful treatment (of the invited, the propriety of) place and time, purity and (the selection of) virtuous Brahmana (guests); he therefore shall not seek (to entertain) a large company. (Manu 3.126)

* It is said that one must feed two (Brahmanas) at the offering to the gods, and three at the offering to the forefathers, or one only on either occasion; even a very wealthy man shall not be anxious (to entertain) a large company. (Manu 3.125) Because a large company destroys these five (advantages) - the respectful treatment (of the invited, the propriety of) place and time, purity and (the selection of) virtuous Brahmana (guests); he therefore shall not seek (to entertain) a large company. (Manu 3.126)

* One should feed atleast one Brahmana in honour of the forefathers at (the Shraddha), which belongs to the five great sacrifices; but should not feed on that (occasion) any Brahmana on account of the Vaisvadeva offering. (Manu 3.83)  

* One should feed atleast one Brahmana in honour of the forefathers at (the Shraddha), which belongs to the five great sacrifices; but should not feed on that (occasion) any Brahmana on account of the Vaisvadeva offering. (Manu 3.83)  

<blockquote>एकं अप्याशयेद्विप्रं पित्रर्थे पाञ्चयज्ञिके । न चैवात्राशयेत्किं चिद्वैश्वदेवं प्रति द्विजम् ॥ ३.८३ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>ekaṁ apyāśayedvipraṁ pitrarthe pāñcayajñike । na caivātrāśayetkiṁ cidvaiśvadevaṁ prati dvijam ॥ 3.83 ॥</blockquote>

<blockquote>एकं अप्याशयेद्विप्रं पित्रर्थे पाञ्चयज्ञिके । न चैवात्राशयेत्किं चिद्वैश्वदेवं प्रति द्विजम् ॥ ३.८३ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>ekaṁ apyāśayedvipraṁ pitrarthe pāñcayajñike । na caivātrāśayetkiṁ cidvaiśvadevaṁ prati dvijam ॥ 3.83 ॥</blockquote>

 

==== श्राद्धभोजनाधिकारी ॥ Shraddha Bhojana Adhikari ====

==== श्राद्धभोजनाधिकारी ॥ Shraddha Bhojana Adhikari ====

* Food sacred to the forefathers or to the gods must be given to a man distinguished by sacred knowledge; for hands, smeared with blood, cannot be cleansed with blood. (Manu 3.132). Infact, it is said that, as many mouthfuls as an ignorant man swallows at a sacrifice to the gods or to the forefathers, so many red-hot spikes, spears, and iron balls must (the giver of the repast) swallow after death. (Manu 3.133)

* Food sacred to the forefathers or to the gods must be given to a man distinguished by sacred knowledge; for hands, smeared with blood, cannot be cleansed with blood. (Manu 3.132). Infact, it is said that, as many mouthfuls as an ignorant man swallows at a sacrifice to the gods or to the forefathers, so many red-hot spikes, spears, and iron balls must (the giver of the repast) swallow after death. (Manu 3.133)