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आयुर्वेदः। [[Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदः)|Ayurveda]] and दर्शनानि। [[Shad Darshanas (षड्दर्शनानि)|Darshana]] Shastras are the contemporary systems of knowledge developed in भारतवर्षः । Bharatawarsha. Various concepts and theories found in Ayurveda and [[Shad Darshanas (षड्दर्शनानि)|Darshanas]] have similarities. Darshanas represent the schools of Hindu philosophy and offer methods to acquire knowledge of the various components of this universe. Since पुरुषः। [[Purusha (पुरुषः)|Purush]]<nowiki/>a, the Object of discussion in [[Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदः)|Ayurveda]], is also one of the component of this universe, many theories and concepts discussed in Darshanas are applicable to Ayurvedeeya system of knowledge as well.

[[Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदः)|Ayurveda]] (आयुर्वेदः।) and [[Shad Darshanas (षड्दर्शनानि)|Darshana]] (दर्शनानि।) Shastras are the contemporary systems of knowledge developed in Bharatawarsha (भारतवर्षः।). Various concepts and theories found in Ayurveda and [[Shad Darshanas (षड्दर्शनानि)|Darshanas]] have similarities. Darshanas represent the schools of Hindu philosophy and offer methods to acquire knowledge of the various components of this universe. Since [[Purusha (पुरुषः)|Purush]]<nowiki/>a (पुरुषः।), the Object of discussion in [[Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदः)|Ayurveda]], is also one of the component of this universe, many theories and concepts discussed in Darshanas are applicable to Ayurveda system of knowledge as well.

 

 

 

== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==

== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==

Discussion in Darshanas is mainly pertaining to the cosmos and all elements involved in it, which is totally different from the object and purpose of Ayurveda. Thus, Ayurveda accepts these theories within the frame of reference of Ayurveda but without deviating from its basic concepts, object and scope.  

Discussion in Darshanas is mainly pertaining to the cosmos and all elements involved in it, which is totally different from the object and purpose of Ayurveda. Thus, Ayurveda accepts these theories within the frame of reference of Ayurveda but without deviating from its basic concepts, object and scope.  

Among all the Darshanas, Ayurveda is interconnected with [[Samkhya Darshana (साङ्ख्यदर्शनम्)|साङ्ख्यः]]। Sankhya, वैशेषिकः। Vaisheshika, योगः। Yoga, न्यायः। [[Nyaya Darshana (न्यायदर्शनम्)|Nyaya]], पूर्वमीमांसा। Poorva [[Mimamsa Darshana (मीमांसादर्शनम्)|mimansa]], उत्तरमीमांसा । Uttara mimansa (or वेदान्त। [[Vedanta (वेदान्तः)|Vedanta]]) darshanas in general. Some references are also observed where Ayurveda seems to have similarity with some theories proposed by बौद्धदर्शनम्। Bouddha darshana, जैनदर्शनम्। Jaina darshana and चार्वाकदर्शनम्। Charvaka darshana.

Among all the Darshanas, Ayurveda is interconnected with Sankhya ([[Samkhya Darshana (साङ्ख्यदर्शनम्)|साङ्ख्यः]]।), Vaisheshika (वैशेषिकः।), Yoga (योगः।), [[Nyaya Darshana (न्यायदर्शनम्)|Nyaya]] (न्यायः।), Poorva [[Mimamsa Darshana (मीमांसादर्शनम्)|mimansa]] (पूर्वमीमांसा।), Uttara mimansa (उत्तरमीमांसा।) or [[Vedanta (वेदान्तः)|Vedanta]] (वेदान्त।) darshanas in general. Some references are also observed where Ayurveda seems to have similarity with some theories proposed by Bouddha darshana (बौद्धदर्शनम्।), Jaina darshana (जैनदर्शनम्।) and Charvaka darshana (चार्वाकदर्शनम्।).

== साङ्ख्यदर्शनम् आयुर्वेदः च ॥ Sankhya darshana and Ayurveda ==

== साङ्ख्यदर्शनम् आयुर्वेदः च ॥ Sankhya darshana and Ayurveda ==

Ayurveda has adopted many theories proposed by Sankhya darshana indicating considerable influence of this school of Indian Philosophy on Ayurveda.   

Ayurveda has adopted many theories proposed by Sankhya darshana indicating considerable influence of this school of Indian Philosophy on Ayurveda. Some of these common theories can be found here.   

 

=== प्रमाणाः || Pramanas ===

=== प्रमाणाः || Pramanas ===

[[Pramanas in Astika Darshanas (आस्तिकदर्शन-प्रमाणानि)|Pramanas]]- Pramanas are the means to acquire the correct knowledge of any object in this universe. प्रत्यक्षम्। Pratyaksha (Direct perception by senses), अनुमानम्। Anumana (Inference drawn on the basis of well established relationships that are previously known to the individual) and आप्तोपदेशः।  Aptopadesha (Knowledge obtained from trusted sources like classical treatises, Gurus etc) are the 3 such ways or means proposed by Sankhyas to acquire knowledge . Ayurveda has accepted all 3 Pramanas as the tools for obtaining the knowledge about rogas and it is clearly indicated in Charaka Samhita Vimanasthana as follows,<blockquote>त्रिविधम् खलु रोगविषेशविग्यानम् भवति- तद् यथा आप्तोपदेशः, प्रत्यक्षं, अनुमानं चेति।– (Char. Samh. Vima. 4.3) <ref name=":0">Charaka Samhita ([https://archive.org/details/CharakaSamhitaHindiVolume1/page/n535 Vimanasthanam])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''trividham khalu rogaviṣeśavigyānam bhavati- tad yathā āptopadeśaḥ, pratyakṣaṁ, anumānaṁ ceti।''</blockquote>Meaning: There are 3 means to acquire knowledge about rogas (Diseases) viz. Aptopadesha , Pratyaksha and Anumana.

[[Pramanas in Astika Darshanas (आस्तिकदर्शन-प्रमाणानि)|Pramanas]]- Pramanas are the means to acquire the correct knowledge of any object in this universe. प्रत्यक्षम्। Pratyaksha (Direct perception by senses), अनुमानम्। Anumana (Inference drawn on the basis of well established relationships that are previously known to the individual) and आप्तोपदेशः।  Aptopadesha (Knowledge obtained from trusted sources like classical treatises, Gurus etc) are the 3 such ways or means proposed by Sankhyas to acquire knowledge . Ayurveda has accepted all 3 Pramanas as the tools for obtaining the knowledge about rogas and it is clearly indicated in Charaka Samhita Vimanasthana as follows,<blockquote>त्रिविधम् खलु रोगविषेशविग्यानम् भवति- तद् यथा आप्तोपदेशः, प्रत्यक्षं, अनुमानं चेति।– (Char. Samh. 4.3) <ref name=":0">Charaka Samhita ([https://archive.org/details/CharakaSamhitaHindiVolume1/page/n535 Vimanasthanam Adhyaya 4 Sootram 3])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>trividham khalu rogaviṣeśavigyānam bhavati- tad yathā āptopadeśaḥ, pratyakṣaṁ, anumānaṁ ceti।</blockquote>Meaning: There are 3 means to acquire knowledge about rogas (Diseases) viz. Aptopadesha , Pratyaksha and Anumana.

=== दुःखप्रकाराः || Types of Misery ===

=== दुःखप्रकाराः || Types of Misery ===

<blockquote>Sankhya darshana lays greater emphasis on elimination of physical and mental pain to achieve the liberation. For this reason, 3 types of misery are described by Sankhyas namely, अधिभौतिकम्। Adhibhoutik, अधिदैविकम्। Adhidaivik & अध्यात्मिकम्। Adhyatmik. The entire knowledge in Ayurveda is focused on the पुरुषः। [[Purusha (पुरुषः)|purusha]],  the diseases affecting Purusha and the measures to provide health and well-being to Purusha by eliminating these diseases. Ayurveda considers विकारः। Vikara or व्याधिः। Wyadhi (meaning diseases) as दुःखम्। Dukkha and thus, Sushruta Samhita has classified diseases on the basis of 3 types of Dukkha or miseries as described in Sanskhya darshana.</blockquote><blockquote>प्रागभिहितं तद्दु:खसंयोगाः व्याधयः इति। तच्च दुःखं त्रिविधं- आध्यात्मिकम्, आधिदैविकम्, आधिभौतिकमिति।-  (Sush. Samh. Soot. 24/4) सुश्रुतसंहिता सूत्रस्थानम् २४/४ </blockquote><blockquote>''prāgabhihitaṁ taddu:khasaṁyogāḥ vyādhayaḥ iti। tacca duḥkhaṁ trividhaṁ- ādhyātmikam, ādhidaivikam, ādhibhautikamiti।''</blockquote>Meaning: It is already mentioned that Vyadhi (Diseases) are (manifested as) the combination of Dukkhas (miseries). That Dukkha (misery) is of 3 types (and thus the diseases are of 3 types as follows) Adhyatmik, Adhidaivik and Adhibhoutik.  

Sankhya darshana lays greater emphasis on elimination of physical and mental pain to achieve the liberation. For this reason, 3 types of misery are described by Sankhyas namely, अधिभौतिकम्। Adhibhoutik, अधिदैविकम्। Adhidaivik & अध्यात्मिकम्। Adhyatmik. The entire knowledge in Ayurveda is focused on the पुरुषः। purusha,  the diseases affecting Purusha and the measures to provide health and well-being to Purusha by eliminating these diseases. Ayurveda considers विकारः। Vikara or व्याधिः। Wyadhi (meaning diseases) as दुःखम्। Dukkha and thus, Sushruta Samhita has classified diseases on the basis of 3 types of Dukkha or miseries as described in Sanskhya darshana.<blockquote>प्रागभिहितं तद्दु:खसंयोगाः व्याधयः इति। तच्च दुःखं त्रिविधं- आध्यात्मिकम्, आधिदैविकम्, आधिभौतिकमिति। (Sush. Samh. 24.4) <ref>Sushruta Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read Sootrasthanam Adhyaya 24 Sootram 4])</ref>  </blockquote><blockquote>prāgabhihitaṁ taddu:khasaṁyogāḥ vyādhayaḥ iti। tacca duḥkhaṁ trividhaṁ- ādhyātmikam, ādhidaivikam, ādhibhautikamiti।</blockquote>Meaning: It is already mentioned that Vyadhi (Diseases) are (manifested as) the combination of Dukkhas (miseries). That Dukkha (misery) is of 3 types (and thus the diseases are of 3 types as follows) Adhyatmik, Adhidaivik and Adhibhoutik.  

=== सृष्टि उत्पत्ति सिद्धान्तः || The theory of origin of cosmos  ===

=== सृष्टि उत्पत्ति सिद्धान्तः || The theory of origin of cosmos  ===