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== योग दर्शनम् आयुर्वेदः च॥ Yoga Darshana and Ayurveda ==

== योग दर्शनम् आयुर्वेदः च॥ Yoga Darshana and Ayurveda ==

Yoga darshana is expounded by Acharya Patanjali and it is intimately allied to Samkhya. The Six Darshanas discuss about the Jivatma to reach the goal of Mokhsa. The term ‘Yoga’ literally means ‘Union’. Here it refers to the union of jivatma and Paramatma. It is believed that this union can result only if the tendancy of Manas towards sensual pleasures is a warranted. Therefore, Yoga darshana describes various methods, guidelines and practices to control this outward drive of Manas and teaches one to focus on individual’s inner self to hasten the spiritual growth required for Moksha.

Yoga darshana (योग दर्शनम्।) is expounded by Acharya Patanjali (आचार्य पातञ्जली) and it is intimately allied to Samkhya darshana (सांख्य दर्शनम्।). The term ‘Yoga’ (योगः।) literally means ‘Union’. Here it refers to the union of Jivatma (जीवात्मा।) and Paramatma (परमात्मा।). It is believed that, this union can result only if the tendency of body, Manas (मनः। mind) and senses towards sensual pleasures is a warranted. Therefore, Yoga darshana describes various methods and practices to control this outward drive of Manas (मनः। mind) and teaches one to focus on individual’s inner self. This helps in developing the right focus to speed up the spiritual growth required for [[Moksha (मोक्षः)|Moksha]] (मोक्षः।).

For rest of the topics Yoga mostly accepts the postulates of Samkhya with the only difference that ‘Yoga’ accepts the 26^th additional principle named ‘Ishwara’. Thus, this system is also called seswara samkhya darsana.

For rest of the topics, Yoga mostly accepts the postulates of Samkhya (सांख्याः।) with the only difference that ‘Yoga’ accepts the 26^th additional principle named ‘Ishwara’ (ईश्वरः।). Thus, this system is also called seshwara samkhya darsana (सेश्वर सांख्य दर्शनम्।) which indicates Sanskhya darshana along with Ishwara).

Patanjali advocates eight important parts of yoga viz,  

Patanjali advocates eight important parts of yoga viz,  

# yama(moral codes) ,  

# Yama (यमः। moral codes) ,  

# niyama(moral conducts),  

# Niyama (नियमः। moral conducts),  

# asana (posture of the body),  

# Asana (आसनः। posture of the body),  

# pranayama (control of breath),  

# Pranayama (प्राणायामः। control of breath/ respiration),  

# pratyahara (withdrawal of senses from their objects),  

# Pratyahara ( प्रत्याहारः। withdrawal of senses from their objects),  

# dhyana (meditation),  

# Dhyana (ध्यानम्। meditation),  

# dharna (Retention), and  

# Dharna (धारणा। Retention), and  

# Samadhi (trance of union with divine).  

# Samadhi (समाधिः। trance of union with divine).  

these 8 parts constitute Ashtanga Yoga.

These 8 parts constitute Ashtanga Yoga (अष्टाङ्गयोग।), one of the most popular forms of Yoga in today's world. In Ashtanga yoga, the sequence of elements is highly important since it depicts the step by step progress of Sadhaka (साधकः। an individual following and practicing Ashtanga yoga) in the journey of attaining the ultimate goal, 'Moksha'.  

Ayurveda and yoga both are practical and applied science. Since yogic practices offer measures to achieve superior mental as well as physical health to facilitate smooth execution of further complex steps like Dharana, Dhyan and Samadhi, they are adopted by Ayurveda as well. E.g Acharya Charaka mentions the ‘Vayu nigraha’ i.e. control over Vayu as one of the methods to channelize the energy of Vayu responsible for development of diseases. This control can be achieved through ‘Pranayama’.

[[Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदः)|Ayurveda]] and yoga both are practical and applied sciences. Yogic practices offer measures to achieve superior mental as well as physical health to facilitate smooth execution of further complex steps like Dharana (धारणा।), Dhyan (ध्यानम्।) and Samadhi (समाधिः।). Thus, these practices are selectively incorporated in Ayurveda to suit its objective as various non-pharmacological methods to offered to maintain physical as well as mental health.  

Other concepts from Ayurveda elaborated on similar line like Yoga can be listed as follows;

Acharya Sushruta has proposed therapeutic application of 'Pranayama' ((प्राणायामः।) in the management of disease Hikka ( हिक्का। a disease characterized by recurrent hiccoughs/hiccups)<ref>Sushruta Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=prANAyAm Uttartantram Adhyaya 50 Sootram 16])</ref> and also mentioned its use as a part of diagnostic method for identifying hidden Shalya ( शल्यम्। any foreign body or substance lodged in the body and causing pain) <ref>Sushruta Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=prANAyAm Sootrasthanam Adhyaya 26 Sootram 13])</ref>. Acharya Charaka mentions the ‘Vayu/ Vata nigraha’ (वायुनिग्रहः / वातनिग्रहः । control over Vata) as one of the methods to channelize the energy of Vata responsible for development of diseases. This control can be achieved through ‘Pranayama’ since 'Pranayama' practices are designed to develop control over the movement of Prana (प्राणः। one of the 5 types of Vata dosha responsible for control of vital function of the body).

Ashta siddhi: eight super powers of yogis salvation and means of attainment of moksa have been described in detail in ayurvedic texts with different names.

Yama and Niyamas are mentioned in Ayurveda in the context of [[Sadvrutta (सद्वृत्तम्)|Sadvrtta]] (सद्‍वृत्तम्।) and [[Achara Rasayana (आचार रसायनम्)|Achara rasayana]] (आचार रसायनम्।) in order to improve the physical, mental and  social health.

 

 

 

== References ==

== References ==

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[[Category:Ayurveda]]

[[Category:Ayurveda]]