Changes

There are the six systems of Hindu philosophy which are known as Shad Darsanas. They are:     

There are the six systems of Hindu philosophy which are known as Shad Darsanas. They are:     

# न्यायः Nyaya (Rishi Gautama)

# न्यायः ॥ Nyaya (Rishi Gautama)

# वैशेषिकः Vaiseshika (Rishi Kanada)

# वैशेषिकः ॥ Vaiseshika (Rishi Kanada)

# साङ्ख्यः Samkhya (Kapila Muni)

# साङ्ख्यः ॥ Samkhya (Kapila Muni)

# योगः Yoga (Maharishi Patanjali)

# योगः ॥ Yoga (Maharishi Patanjali)

# पूर्वमीमांसा Poorva Mimamsa (Jaimini)

# पूर्वमीमांसा ॥ Poorva Mimamsa (Jaimini)

# उत्तरमीमांसा Uttara Mimamsa or वेदान्त Vedanta (Badarayana or Vyasa) 

# उत्तरमीमांसा ॥ Uttara Mimamsa or वेदान्त Vedanta (Badarayana or Vyasa) 

Samkhya sashtra or Sankhya (Samskrit: साङ्ख्य शास्त्रम्) is one of the '''Shad Darshanas.''' Kapila Muni is the founder of Samkhya Darsana. The word Samkhya means number. The Samkhya system gives an enumeration of the twenty five principles of universe<ref name=":0">Swami Sivananda, All About Hinduism, Page 202-216 </ref>.     

Samkhya sashtra or Sankhya (Samskrit: साङ्ख्य शास्त्रम्) is one of the '''Shad Darshanas.''' Kapila Muni is the founder of Samkhya Darsana. The word Samkhya means number. The Samkhya system gives an enumeration of the twenty five principles of universe<ref name=":0">Swami Sivananda, All About Hinduism, Page 202-216 </ref>.     

== परिचयः || Introduction ==

== परिचयः || Introduction ==

In the context of ancient Indian philosophies, Samkhya philosophy is based on systematic enumeration and rational examination.  Samkhya (साङ्ख्य) means "number" used in the sense of thinking and counting. Thinking is with reference to basic principles or Knowledge of Self. Counting refers to the twenty-four principles and others.<ref>Jha, Ganganatha (1965) ''[http://theosnet.net/dzyan/hindu/samkhya_karika_and_tattva-kaumudi_1934.pdf The Tattva-Kaumudi, Vachaspati Mishra's Commentary on the Samkhya Karika.]'' Poona : Oriental Book Agency</ref>

In the context of ancient Indian philosophies, Samkhya philosophy is based on systematic enumeration and rational examination.  Samkhya (साङ्ख्य) means "number" used in the sense of thinking and counting. Thinking is with reference to basic principles or Knowledge of Self. Counting refers to the twenty-four principles and others.<ref name=":1">Jha, Ganganatha (1965) ''[http://theosnet.net/dzyan/hindu/samkhya_karika_and_tattva-kaumudi_1934.pdf The Tattva-Kaumudi, Vachaspati Mishra's Commentary on the Samkhya Karika.]'' Poona : Oriental Book Agency</ref>

Thus, the school specifies the number and nature of the ultimate constituents of the Universe and thereby imparts knowledge of reality. The term also means "perfect knowledge. Hence it is a system of perfect knowledge.<ref>Samkhya Paper By Sri. Umapati Nath Published in Academia</ref>   

Thus, the school specifies the number and nature of the ultimate constituents of the Universe and thereby imparts knowledge of reality. The term also means "perfect knowledge. Hence it is a system of perfect knowledge.<ref>Samkhya Paper By Sri. Umapati Nath Published in Academia</ref>   

Maharshi Kapila is traditionally credited as a founder of the Samkhya school.  

Maharshi Kapila is traditionally credited as a founder of the Samkhya school.  

Though the use of 'Samkhya' is first found in Shvetashvara Upanishad तत्कारणं सांख्ययोगाधिगम्यं ज्ञात्वा देवं मुच्यते सर्वपाशैः ॥ १३ ॥ (Shve. Upan. 6.13) yet Samkhya reflections appear in Rigveda and other Upanishads proving the antiquity of this Shastra.  

Though the use of 'Kapila' and 'Samkhya' is first found in Shvetashvara Upanishad तत्कारणं सांख्ययोगाधिगम्यं ज्ञात्वा देवं मुच्यते सर्वपाशैः ॥ १३ ॥ (Shve. Upan. 6.13) yet Samkhya reflections appear in Rigveda and other Upanishads proving the antiquity of this Shastra.<ref name=":1" />

Numerous other ancient Indian texts mention Kapila,

* Baudhayana Grhyasutra in chapter IV.16.1 describes a system of rules for ascetic life credited to Kapila, called Kapila Sannyasa Vidha.

 

* A 6th century CE Chinese translation and other texts consistently state Kapila as an ascetic and the founder of the school, mention Asuri as the inheritor of the teaching, and a much later scholar named Pancasikha as the scholar who systematized it and then helped widely disseminate its ideas. Isvarakrsna is identified in these texts as the one who summarized and simplified Samkhya theories of Pancasikha, many centuries later (roughly 4th or 5th century CE), in the form that was then translated into Chinese by Paramartha in the 6th century CE.

The other Indian texts that mention Kapila and Samkhya include<ref name=":1" />

* Bhagavadgeeta discusses the Samkhya yoga.

* Aspects of Samkhya are found described in Chandogya, Katha, Mundaka, Maitrayani, Prasha Upanishads and Manusmriti in various places.

* In Mahabharata and the Puranas, Samkhya philosophy is fully reflected. The mention of five gross elements, the twenty four categories in their manifested or unmanifested character and the three gunas is made in Vanaparva of Mahabharata (211. 1 - 8). The distinction between Prakrti and Purusha has been extensively expounded in Santi Parva (285. 33-40).

* Bhagavadgita discusses the Samkhya yoga.

== Detailed Discussion ==

== Detailed Discussion ==