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Samkhya sashtra or Sankhya (Samskrit: साङ्ख्य शास्त्रम्) is one of the '''Shad Darshanas.''' Kapila Muni is the founder of Samkhya Darsana. The word Samkhya means number. The Samkhya system gives an enumeration of the twenty five principles of universe<ref name=":0">Swami Sivananda, All About Hinduism, Page 202-216 </ref>.     

Samkhya sashtra or Sankhya (Samskrit: साङ्ख्य शास्त्रम्) is one of the '''Shad Darshanas.''' Kapila Muni is the founder of Samkhya Darsana. The word Samkhya means number. The Samkhya system gives an enumeration of the twenty five principles of universe<ref name=":0">Swami Sivananda, All About Hinduism, Page 202-216 </ref>.     

== परिचय || Introduction ==

== परिचयः || Introduction ==

In the context of ancient Indian philosophies, Samkhya philosophy is based on systematic enumeration and rational examination.  Samkhya || साङ्ख्य   means "number". The school specifies the number and nature of the ultimate constituents of the Universe and thereby imparts knowledge of reality. The term also means "perfect knowledge. Hence it is a system of perfect knowledge.<ref>Umapati Nath's paper Samkhya published in Academia</ref>   

In the context of ancient Indian philosophies, Samkhya philosophy is based on systematic enumeration and rational examination.  Samkhya (साङ्ख्य) means "number" used in the sense of thinking and counting. Thinking is with reference to basic principles or Knowledge of Self. Counting refers to the twenty-four principles and others.<ref>Jha, Ganganatha (1965) ''[http://theosnet.net/dzyan/hindu/samkhya_karika_and_tattva-kaumudi_1934.pdf The Tattva-Kaumudi, Vachaspati Mishra's Commentary on the Samkhya Karika.]'' Poona : Oriental Book Agency</ref>

* Samkhya is strongly dualist accepting the roles of प्रकृति || Prakriti and पुरुष || Purusha in the Creation of this Universe.  

 

* Samkhya siddhanta accepts that enumeration of truth can be done by using three of six accepted प्रमाणाः || pramanas (proofs).  

Thus, the school specifies the number and nature of the ultimate constituents of the Universe and thereby imparts knowledge of reality. The term also means "perfect knowledge. Hence it is a system of perfect knowledge.<ref>Samkhya Paper By Sri. Umapati Nath Published in Academia</ref>   

* Samkhya is strongly dualist accepting the roles of Prakriti (प्रकृति) and Purusha (पुरुष) in the Creation of this Universe.  

* Samkhya siddhanta accepts that enumeration of truth can be done by using three of six accepted pramanas (प्रमाणाः proofs).  

* The Trigunas exist in all life forms in different proportions.

* The Trigunas exist in all life forms in different proportions.

* It 'enumerates' twenty five Tattvas or true principles; and its chief object is to effect the final emancipation of the twenty-fifth Tattva, i.e. the purusha or soul. The evolutionary process involves Pradhana (Prakruti), Purusha, Mahat (Buddhi), Ahankaraara, Pancha Jnanendriyas, Pancha Karmendriyas, Panchatanmatras, Panchabhutas and Manas

* It 'enumerates' twenty five Tattvas or true principles; and its chief object is to effect the final emancipation of the twenty-fifth Tattva, i.e. the purusha or soul. The evolutionary process involves Pradhana (Prakruti), Purusha, Mahat (Buddhi), Ahankaraara, Pancha Jnanendriyas, Pancha Karmendriyas, Panchatanmatras, Panchabhutas and Manas

* While the Samkhya school considers the Vedas as a reliable source of knowledge, a key difference between Samkhya and Yoga schools, state scholars, is that Yoga school accepts a "personal, yet essentially inactive, deity" or "personal god".  

* While the Samkhya school considers the Vedas as a reliable source of knowledge, a key difference between Samkhya and Yoga schools, state scholars, is that Yoga school accepts a "personal, yet essentially inactive, deity" or "personal god".  

* The existence of God or supreme being is not directly asserted, nor considered very relevant by the Samkhya philosophers.

* The existence of God or supreme being is not directly asserted, nor considered very relevant by the Samkhya philosophers.

* Samkhya school considers मोक्ष || moksha as a natural quest of every soul.

* Samkhya school considers moksha (मोक्ष) as a natural quest of every soul.

== Founder - Kapila Maharshi ==

== Founder - Kapila Maharshi ==

Maharshi Kapila is traditionally credited as a founder of the Samkhya school.  

Maharshi Kapila is traditionally credited as a founder of the Samkhya school.  

Kapila appears in ऋग्वेद || Rigveda, but context suggests that the word means "reddish brown color". Both Kapila as a "seer" and the term Samkhya appear in hymns of section 5.2 in Shvetashvatara Upanishad (~300 BCE), suggesting Kapila's and Samkhya philosophy's origins may predate it.  

Though the use of 'Samkhya' is first found in Shvetashvara Upanishad तत्कारणं सांख्ययोगाधिगम्यं ज्ञात्वा देवं मुच्यते सर्वपाशैः ॥ १३ ॥ (Shve. Upan. 6.13) yet Samkhya reflections appear in Rigveda and other Upanishads proving the antiquity of this Shastra.  

Numerous other ancient Indian texts mention Kapila,

Numerous other ancient Indian texts mention Kapila,