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The subject of Vedic interpretation is highly technical requiring a specialized knowledge of not only the language of the Vedas but also the vast Vedic and post-Vedic literature together with a thorough grounding in the exegetical, grammatical, religious, cultural, philosophical, philological, lexicographical, mythological, and historical studies connected with them.

The subject of Vedic interpretation is highly technical requiring a specialized knowledge of not only the language of the Vedas but also the vast Vedic and post-Vedic literature together with a thorough grounding in the exegetical, grammatical, religious, cultural, philosophical, philological, lexicographical, and historical studies connected with them.

Although there are numerous apparent similarities between vedic language and classical sanskrit, the difference between them in respect to grammar, vocabulary, style, matter and spirit are very conspicuous. <ref name=":0">Ram Gopal. (1983) ''The History and Principles of Vedic Interpretation.'' New Delhi : Concept Publishing Company</ref>

Although there are numerous apparent similarities between vedic language and classical sanskrit, the difference between them in respect to grammar, vocabulary, style, matter and spirit are very conspicuous. <ref name=":0">Ram Gopal. (1983) ''The History and Principles of Vedic Interpretation.'' New Delhi : Concept Publishing Company</ref>

== परिचयः || Introduction ==

== परिचयः || Introduction ==

When we presume that Samskrit is the language of Veda, we get into trouble in understanding the text. There is difficulty in understanding the meanings of words and sentences.<ref name=":1">Sri. Rayalu Viswanadha's  [https://vedaravindamu.wordpress.com/2014/11/21/vedic-language/ Article on Vedic Language]</ref> Even those words which appear to be common to both the languages denote different meanings in the earlier Vedic language and the later sanskrit language.<ref name=":0" />

When we presume that Samskrit is the language of Veda, we get into trouble in understanding the text. There is difficulty in understanding the meanings of words and sentences.<ref name=":1">Sri. Rayalu Viswanadha's  [https://vedaravindamu.wordpress.com/2014/11/21/vedic-language/ Article on Vedic Language]</ref> Even those words which appear to be common to both the languages denote different meanings in the earlier Vedic language and the later samskrit language.<ref name=":0" />

A few nuances of samskrit used in Vaidika bhasha (वैदिकभाषा) and Loukika bhasha (लौकिकभाषा) such as differences in syllables, words, meanings, sentences, and thoughts worthy of note are placed in the reader's perspective.

A few nuances of samskrit used in Vaidika bhasha (वैदिकभाषा) and Loukika bhasha (लौकिकभाषा) such as differences in syllables, words, meanings, sentences and thoughts worthy of note are placed in the reader's perspective.

== वैदिकभाषायाः विप्रकर्षः (सूक्ष्मप्रभेदाः) ॥ Nuances of Vaidika Bhasha ==

== वैदिकभाषायाः विप्रकर्षः (सूक्ष्मप्रभेदाः) ॥ Nuances of Vaidika Bhasha ==

We find in the following section the subtle differences in every aspect of Vedic language, far different from the present day language, which play an important role in the interpretation of numerous vedic texts.

We bring forth in the following section the subtle differences in every aspect of Vedic language (with examples), far different from the present day language, and the associated interesting points that are raised.

=== अक्षरम् || Akshara ===

=== अक्षरम् || Akshara ===

==== वर्णः ॥ Varnas ====

==== वर्णः ॥ Varnas ====

The following features about varnas are seen only in vaidika bhasha.

The following features about pronunciation of varnas are seen only in vaidika bhasha.

* Vyanjana (व्यञ्जन । consonant) ' '''ळ''' ' as in '''इळामग्ने''' is seen only in vaidika bhasha. Usage of ' ळ ' and ' ळ्ह ' and the rules for their conversion to ड and ढ are described in Rig Pratisakhya. These vyanjanas are commonly seen only in Rigveda and not in other vedas also. (Pratisakhya Sutra given on Page 555 of Reference <ref name=":4">Upadhyaya, Baldev. (1958) ''[https://archive.org/details/VaidikSahityaBaldevUpadhyaya1958 Vaidik Sahitya]''. </ref>)

* अनुनासिकीकरण -  Svaras (स्वरः) which are अच् vowels when present at the end of the word (अवसान) are transformed into anunasika (अनुनासिक) forms except in Shakala shaka of Rigveda. Example : ईड्यो॒ नूत॑नैरु॒'''तँ'''। (Rig. Veda. 1.1.2) (Pratisakhya Sutra given on Page 554 of Reference <ref name=":4">Upadhyaya, Baldev. (1958) ''[https://archive.org/details/VaidikSahityaBaldevUpadhyaya1958 Vaidik Sahitya]''. </ref>)

* k ('''क)''' and kha ('''ख)''' Jihvamuliyas ('''जिह्वामूलीयः''') and p ('''प)''' and ph ('''फ)''' Upadhmaniyas ('''उपध्मानीयः''') are lost in present day samskrit.

** k ('''क)''' and kha ('''ख)''' form the Jihvamuliyas ('''जिह्वामूलीयः''') and p ('''प)''' and ph ('''फ)''' form the Upadhmaniyas ('''उपध्मानीयः''') which are lost in present day samskrit usage.  

* ' ऌ and ॡ ' varnas are only seen in vaidika bhasha. Example:  

* ' ऌ and ॡ ' varnas are only seen in vaidika bhasha. Example:  

* Anunasika varnas (अनुनासिकवर्णः)  अच् varnas when are present at the end of the word (अवसान वर्णः) are transformed into anunasika (अनुनासिक) varnas except in Shakala shaka of Rigveda. Example : ईड्यो॒ नूत॑नैरु॒'''तँ'''। (Rig. Veda. 1.1.2) (Pratisakhya Sutra given on Page 554 of Reference <ref name=":4">Upadhyaya, Baldev. (1958) ''[https://archive.org/details/VaidikSahityaBaldevUpadhyaya1958 Vaidik Sahitya]''. </ref>)

* Doubling of consonants (द्वित्वम्), called as Krama (क्रम), is a process performed under many defined conditions and exceptions. Example : सोमानं '''स्स्व'''रणम् (Rig. Veda. 1.18.1)

* Doubling of consonants (द्वित्वम्) under many defined conditions. Example : सोमानं '''स्स्व'''रणम् (Rig. Veda. 1.18.1)

* Svarabhakti (स्वरभक्तिः) and Abhinidhana (अभिनिधानम्) are grammatical processes where combined varnas (संयुक्तवर्णाः) are broken down for clarity of pronunciation. Example: स्वर → सुवर, पृथ्वी →पृथिवी and दर्शत → दरशत  

* Svarabhakti (स्वरभक्तिः) and Abhinidhana (अभिनिधानम्) are grammatical processes where combined varnas (संयुक्तवर्णाः) are broken down for clarity of pronunciation. Example: स्वर → सुवर, पृथ्वी →पृथिवी and दर्शत → दरशत  

* Vyuha (व्यूह) and Vyavaya (व्यवाय) : Vyuha means separation. The process of separation of combined letters to accommodate the appropriate metrical construction (chandas) in a pada of mantra is called Vyuha. Vyavaya (means interval) is a similar process applicable to combined letters containing y(य्)-v (व्)-r (र्)-l (ल्) which are separated to allow proper metrical composition.

* Vyuha (व्यूह) and Vyavaya (व्यवाय) : Vyuha means separation. The process of separation of combined letters to accommodate the appropriate metrical construction (chandas) in a pada of mantra is called Vyuha. Vyavaya (means interval) is a similar process applicable to combined letters containing y(य्)-v (व्)-r (र्)-l (ल्) which are separated to allow proper metrical composition.

* Lit lakar (लिट्) is used for past perfect tense (परोक्षभूतकालः) in loukika bhasha but it is used in present tense (वर्तमानकालः) also in vaidika bhasha.

* Lit lakar (लिट्) is used for past perfect tense (परोक्षभूतकालः) in loukika bhasha but it is used in present tense (वर्तमानकालः) also in vaidika bhasha.

* Lat lakar (लट् in वर्तमानकालबहुवचनम्) plural form contains मः in loukika bhasha but is replaced by मसि in vaidika bhasha as in मिनीमसि and एमसि given by Ashtadhyayi sutra इदन्तो मसि (7.1.46).   

* Lat lakar (लट् in वर्तमानकालबहुवचनम्) plural form contains मः in loukika bhasha but is replaced by मसि in vaidika bhasha as in मिनीमसि and एमसि given by Ashtadhyayi sutra इदन्तो मसि (7.1.46).   

* लुङ्, लङ्, ऌङ् अ आ जनिष्ठ उग्र सहसे तुराय |  

* In loukika bhasha, in the usage of  Lung (लुङ्), Lang (लङ्), and Lrung (ऌङ्) normally the words () is devoid of अ and आ in the front (अादि) when 'मा' and 'मा स्म' are present (as in मा भनान्  कार्षीत् and मा स्म करोत्). In vaidika bhasha this rule is used in an opposite way. Example: जनिष्ठ उग्र सहसे तुराय | Here जनिष्ठ is the Lung form but devoid of अ (instead of अजनिष्ठ).   

== Vaidika Aksharas ==

== Vaidika Aksharas ==