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!कामसूत्रम्
−!नात्यशास्त्रम्
−!भागवतपुराणम्
−!शैवतन्त्राणि
|
−|
−|
−|Singing
|
−|
−|
−|Playing on various musical instruments
|
−|
−|
−|Dancing
|
−|
−|
−|Acting, gesticulation, mimicry
|
−|
−|
−|Drawing, Painting, Calligraphy
|
−|
−|
−|Painting figures of various designs on the various parts of the body with musk paste and other fragrant substances.
|
−|
−|
−|Preparing for use in worship various designs with grains of rice, flowers, etc
|
−|
−|
−|Preparing a bed of flowers
|
−|
−|
−|Colouring the teeth and other limbs and articles of wearing apparel
|
−|
−|
−|Paving a floor with Precious stones
|
−|
−|
−|Preparing a bed
|
−|
−|
−|Using a pot full of water as a musical instrument and treading on water
|
−|
−|
−|Showing miracles of various kinds
|
−|
−|
−|Preparing chaplets and wreathe of flowers
|
−|
−|
−|making ornaments of flowers for ears, braid
|
−|
−|
−|Modes of beautifying the body with clothes and ornaments of various kinds
|
−|
−|
−|Painting ornamental figures on ears
|
−|
−|
−|Making perfumes and cosmetics of various kinds
|
−|
−|
−|Making ornaments of various designs
|
−|
−|
−|Jugglery
|
−|
−|
−|Appearing in various guises of one's choice
|
−|
−|
−|Sleight of hand
|
−|
−|
−|Culinary art
|+|
−|
−|Making drinks of various tastes and colours and spirituous liquors of various kinds
|
−|
−|
−|Weaving and needle-work of various kinds
|+|
−|
−|Working puppets by strings
|
−|
−|
−|Making musical instruments of various kinds
|
−|
−|
−|Solving riddles
|
−|
−|
−|Capping verses
|
−|
−|
−|Skill in uttering tongue twisters
|
−|
−|
−|The art of reading manuscripts easily and quickly
|
−|
−|
−|Dramaturgy and story writing
|
−|
−|
−|Completion of incomplete verses or part verses
|
−|
−|
−|Making ligatures, canes, arrows
|
−|
−|
−|Spindle work
|
−|
−|
−|Carpentry
|
−|
−|
−|Architecture
|
−|
−|
−|Testing valuable metals and precious stones
|
−|
−|
−|Alchemy
|
−|
−|
−|Colouring precious stones
|
−|
−|
−|Knowledge of latent minerals
|
−|
−|
−|Nursing and treating plants
|
−|
−|
−|Setting game rams, cocks, quails to fight as sport
|
−|
−|
−|teaching parrots and other birds to imitate human speech
|
−|
−|
−|Making an enemy quit his place by means of a charm
|
−|
−|
−|Cleaning and dressing the hair
|
−|
−|
−|Reading letters removed from one's sight and divining the nature of substances held within one's palm
|
−|
−|
−|Knowledge of books written in the language of Barbarians
|
−|
−|
−|Fluently talking in the different Indian dialects
|
−|
−|
−|Reading good or bad omens
|
−|
−|
−|Making diagrams by means of letters arranged in different orders as mystical formulae to be worshipped or worn as an amulet
|
−|
−|
−|Splitting hard substances such as diamonds into two or more pieces of different shapes
|
−|
−|
−|Reading the thoughts of others and bringing them out in a verse
|+|
−|
−|Lexicography
|
−|
−|
−|Knowledge of prosody
|
−|
−|
−|Increasing the number of an object by various devices
|
−|
−|
−|Playing tricks
|
−|
−|
−|Showing off one's clothes as made of a superior texture than what they actually are
|
−|
−|
−|Playing at dice
|
−|
−|
−|Attracting remote objects
|
−|
−|
−|Playing childrens' games
|
−|
−|
−|The Practice of charms
|
−|
−|
−|Fore knowledge of the party going to win in a debate
|
−|
−|
−|Keeping goblins and vampires under one's control
== Which are the 64 Kalas ? ==
== Which are the 64 Kalas ? ==
As mentioned above, there are slight variations regarding the enumeration of the 64 कलाः ॥ Kalas (arts). The mention of these arts occur in:
As mentioned above, there are slight variations regarding the enumeration of the 64 कलाः ॥ Kalas (arts). The mention of these arts occur in:
−* शैवतन्त्राणि ॥ Shaivatantras
+* शैवतन्त्रम् ॥ Shaivatantra
* महाभारतम् ॥ Mahabharata by व्यासमहर्षिः ॥ Vyasa Maharshi
* महाभारतम् ॥ Mahabharata by व्यासमहर्षिः ॥ Vyasa Maharshi
* कामसूत्रम् ॥ Kamasutra by वात्स्यायनः ॥ Vatsyayana
* कामसूत्रम् ॥ Kamasutra by वात्स्यायनः ॥ Vatsyayana
Line 30:
Line 30:
* शुक्रनीतिः ॥ Shukraneeti by शुक्राचार्यः ॥ Shukracharya
* शुक्रनीतिः ॥ Shukraneeti by शुक्राचार्यः ॥ Shukracharya
* शिवतत्त्वरत्नाकरः ॥ Shivatattvaratnakara by बसवराजेन्द्रः ॥ Basavarajendra
* शिवतत्त्वरत्नाकरः ॥ Shivatattvaratnakara by बसवराजेन्द्रः ॥ Basavarajendra
−The list of the 64 Kalas in these texts have been juxtaposed in the following table:
+The list of the 64 Kalas in some these texts have been juxtaposed in the following table:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Text
!Text
−!महाभारतम्
+!शैवतन्त्रम्<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD Vachaspatyam]</ref>
−!शुक्रनीतिः
!शुक्रनीतिः
!शिवतत्वरत्नाकरः
!शिवतत्वरत्नाकरः
|-
|-
|1
|1
−|
+|गीतम् ॥ Singing
−|Geet - Singing
|Geet - Singing
|History
|History
|-
|-
|2
|2
−|
+|वाद्यम् ॥Playing on various musical instruments
−|Vadya – Playing musical instruments
|Vadya – Playing musical instruments
|Poetry
|Poetry
|-
|-
|3
|3
−|
+|नृत्यम् ॥ Dancing
−|Nrtya - Dancing
|Nrtya - Dancing
|Calligraphy
|Calligraphy
|-
|-
|4
|4
−|
+|नाट्यम् ॥ Acting, gesticulation, mimicry
−|Visheshakchhadya - Forhead decoration with paper, leaves etc.
|Visheshakchhadya - Forhead decoration with paper, leaves etc.
|Metrical compositions
|Metrical compositions
|-
|-
|5
|5
−|
+|आलेख्यम् ॥ Drawing, Painting, Calligraphy
−|Tandul-kusumabalivikar - use of colored rice grains and flower for worship.
|Tandul-kusumabalivikar - use of colored rice grains and flower for worship.
|Dancing
|Dancing
|-
|-
|6
|6
−|
+|विशोषकच्छेद्यम् ॥ Painting figures of various designs on the various parts of the body with musk paste and other fragrant substances.
−|PushpastaraN - Floral carpets
|PushpastaraN - Floral carpets
|Evaluating precious stones
|Evaluating precious stones
|-
|-
|7
|7
−|
+|तण्डुलकुसुमयलिविकाराः ॥ Preparing for use in worship various designs with grains of rice, flowers, etc
−|Dashnavsanangrag - Decaration of nails and body
|Dashnavsanangrag - Decaration of nails and body
|Wrestling
|Wrestling
|-
|-
|8
|8
−|
+|पुष्पास्तरणम् ॥ Preparing a bed of flowers
−|Manibhumika karma - Floor decoration with pearls or precious stones.
|Manibhumika karma - Floor decoration with pearls or precious stones.
|Cooking
|Cooking
|-
|-
|9
|9
−|
+|दशनवसनाङ्गरागाः ॥ Colouring the teeth and other limbs and articles of wearing apparel
−|Shayanrachana – Bed arrangement.
|Shayanrachana – Bed arrangement.
|Magic
|Magic
|-
|-
|10
|10
−|
+|मणिभूमिकाकर्म ॥ Paving a floor with Precious stones
−|Udakvadya - Jalataranga-Series of water pots for creating music.
|Udakvadya - Jalataranga-Series of water pots for creating music.
|Shoe-making
|Shoe-making
|-
|-
|11
|11
−|
+|शयनरचनम् ॥ Preparing a bed
−|Udakaghat - Sprinkling with water cannons.
|Udakaghat - Sprinkling with water cannons.
|Thieving
|Thieving
|-
|-
|12
|12
−|
+|उदकवाद्यम् ॥ Using a pot full of water as a musical instrument and treading on water
−|Chitrashycha yoga – Herbal preparations for weakening of enemy
|Chitrashycha yoga – Herbal preparations for weakening of enemy
|Iron smithery
|Iron smithery
|-
|-
|13
|13
−|
+|उदकघातः ॥ Sprinkling with water cannons.
−|Malyagranthanvikalpa - Preparation of floral garlands and hair bands
|Malyagranthanvikalpa - Preparation of floral garlands and hair bands
|Painting
|Painting
|-
|-
|14
|14
−|
+|चित्रायोगाः ॥ Herbal preparations for weakening of enemy
−|Shekarkapidyojan – Ladies hair styling.
|Shekarkapidyojan – Ladies hair styling.
|Gardening
|Gardening
|-
|-
|15
|15
−|
+|माल्यग्रथनविकल्पाः ॥ making ornaments of flowers for ears, braid
−|Nepathyaprayog - Body make-up with cloth, ornaments and flowers.
|Nepathyaprayog - Body make-up with cloth, ornaments and flowers.
|Carpentry
|Carpentry
|-
|-
|16
|16
−|
+|केशशेखरापीडयोजनम् ॥ Ladies hair styling.
−|KarNapatrabhanga - Ear ornaments preparation.
|KarNapatrabhanga - Ear ornaments preparation.
|Hair-dressing
|Hair-dressing
|-
|-
|17
|17
−|
+|नेपथ्ययोगाः ॥ Body make-up with cloth, ornaments and flowers.
−|Gandhayukti - Making scented dhupa.
|Gandhayukti - Making scented dhupa.
|Hunting
|Hunting
|-
|-
|18
|18
−|
+|कर्णपत्रभङ्गाः ॥ Ear ornaments preparation.
−|BhushaNyojan - Ornamental make-up
|BhushaNyojan - Ornamental make-up
|Trading
|Trading
|-
|-
|19
|19
−|
+|गन्धयुक्तिः ॥ Making perfumes and cosmetics of various kinds
−|Endrajal – Magic / mesmerism.
|Endrajal – Magic / mesmerism.
|Agriculture
|Agriculture
|-
|-
|20
|20
−|
+|भूषणयोजनम् ॥ Making ornaments of various designs
−|Kauchumaryog - Preparation of sex tonics.
|Kauchumaryog - Preparation of sex tonics.
Line 224:
Line 140:
|-
|-
|21
|21
−|
+|इन्द्रजालम् ॥ Appearing in various guises of one's choice
−|Hastlaghav- Hand magic.
|Hastlaghav- Hand magic.
|making medicines,
|making medicines,
|-
|-
|22
|22
−|
+|कौचुमारयोगाः ॥ the art of beautification
−|Vichitrashakayushbhakshyavikar kriya- Culinary preparations- sweets etc.
|Vichitrashakayushbhakshyavikar kriya- Culinary preparations- sweets etc.
|leather work,
|leather work,
|-
|-
|23
|23
−|
+|हस्तलाघवम् ॥ Sleight of hand
−|Panakrasa Ragasav yojan- Making sharbat or syrups.
|Panakrasa Ragasav yojan- Making sharbat or syrups.
|driving,
|driving,
|-
|-
|24
|24
−|
+|चित्रशाकापूपभक्ष्यविका-
−रक्रिया ॥Culinary art
−|Suchivan Karm –Needle work-Embroidery
|Suchivan Karm –Needle work-Embroidery
|fishing,
|fishing,
|-
|-
|25
|25
−|
+|पानकरसरागासवयोजनम् ॥ Making drinks of various tastes and colours and spirituous liquors of various kinds
−|Sutra krida –Hand puppets show
|Sutra krida –Hand puppets show
|speech-making
|speech-making
Line 270:
Line 167:
|-
|-
|26
|26
−|
+|सूची-
−वापकर्म ॥ Weaving and needle-work of various kinds
−|Veenadamruvadya-Playing musical instruments like veena or damru
|Veenadamruvadya-Playing musical instruments like veena or damru
|singing
|singing
|-
|-
|27
|27
−|
+|वीणाडमरुकसूत्रक्रीडा ॥ Making musical instruments of various kinds
−|Pahelika - Solving riddles.
|Pahelika - Solving riddles.
|playing musical instruments
|playing musical instruments
Line 289:
Line 179:
|-
|-
|28
|28
−|
+|प्रहेलिका ॥ Solving riddles
−|Pratimala- An interesting style of reading text or poem.
|Pratimala- An interesting style of reading text or poem.
|preparing manuscripts
|preparing manuscripts
|-
|-
|29
|29
−|
+|प्रतिमा ॥ Sculpture
−|Durvachakyog - Reciting text which is difficult to pronounce and understand.
|Durvachakyog - Reciting text which is difficult to pronounce and understand.
|garland-making,
|garland-making,
|-
|-
|30
|30
−|
+|दुर्वचकयोगाः ॥ Skill in uttering tongue twisters
−|Pustak Vachan –Book reading
|Pustak Vachan –Book reading
|dyeing
|dyeing
|-
|-
|31
|31
−|
+|पुस्तकवाचनम् ॥ The art of reading manuscripts easily and quickly
−|Natakakhyalika darshan -Dramatics
|Natakakhyalika darshan -Dramatics
|body-care
|body-care
|-
|-
|32
|32
−|
+|नाटिकाख्यायिकादर्शनम् ॥ Dramaturgy and story writing
−|Kavya Samasyapurti – Solving riddles.
|Kavya Samasyapurti – Solving riddles.
|use of weapons
|use of weapons
|-
|-
|33
|33
−|
+|काव्यसमस्यापूरणम् ॥ Completion of incomplete verses or part verses
−|Pattikavetrayanvikalpa - Furniture making.
|Pattikavetrayanvikalpa - Furniture making.
|making moulds
|making moulds
|-
|-
|34
|34
−|
+|पट्टिकावेत्रवाणविकल्पाः ॥ Making ligatures, canes, arrows
−|Takshyakarm –Cutting wood to proper size and shape.
|Takshyakarm –Cutting wood to proper size and shape.
|performing pUjll (daily worship)
|performing pUjll (daily worship)
|-
|-
|35
|35
−|
+|तर्कूकर्माणि ॥ Spindle work
−|TakshyaN - Carpentry.
|TakshyaN - Carpentry.
|inlay work
|inlay work
|-
|-
|36
|36
−|
+|तक्षणम् ॥ Carpentry
−|Vastuvidya - Civil engineering / architecture.
|Vastuvidya - Civil engineering / architecture.
|arranging
|arranging
Line 372:
Line 226:
|-
|-
|37
|37
−|
+|वास्तुविद्या ॥ Architecture
−|Roopyaratna Pariksha - Valuations of gems and coins.
|Roopyaratna Pariksha - Valuations of gems and coins.
|preparing scents
|preparing scents
|-
|-
|38
|38
−|
+|रूप्यरत्नपरीक्षा ॥ Testing valuable metals and precious stones
−|Dhatuwad- Mixing of metals like brass.
|Dhatuwad- Mixing of metals like brass.
|bangle-making
|bangle-making
|-
|-
|39
|39
−|
+|धातुवादः ॥ Alchemy
−|Maniragakar Dyana- Idientification of pearls and gems.
|Maniragakar Dyana- Idientification of pearls and gems.
|stitching
|stitching
|-
|-
|40
|40
−|
+|मणिरागज्ञानम् ॥ Colouring precious stones
−|Vrukshaurveda- knowledge of Botany.
|Vrukshaurveda- knowledge of Botany.
|making ornaments
|making ornaments
|-
|-
|41
|41
−|
+|आकरज्ञानम् ॥ Knowledge of latent minerals
−|Meshkukkutlavakyuddhavidhi – Knowledge of bird/ animal fighting for gambling.
|Meshkukkutlavakyuddhavidhi – Knowledge of bird/ animal fighting for gambling.
|making sweets
|making sweets
|-
|-
|42
|42
−|
+|वृक्षायुर्वेदयोगाः ॥ Nursing and treating plants
−|Shukasarika Pralapan - training of bird to speak.
|Shukasarika Pralapan - training of bird to speak.
|home-planning
|home-planning
|-
|-
|43
|43
−|
+|मेषकुक्कुटलावकयुद्धविधिं ॥ Setting game rams, cocks, quails to fight as sport
−|Utsadan-Samvahan-Keshmardankaushal- Body massage and hair care.
|Utsadan-Samvahan-Keshmardankaushal- Body massage and hair care.
|training animals
|training animals
|-
|-
|44
|44
−|
+|शुकसारिकाप्रलापनम् ॥ teaching parrots and other birds to imitate human speech
−|Akshyarmushti kathan-Secret word codes for communication or Mushti sanket - Secret communication through fingers (used by traders in auctions).
|Akshyarmushti kathan-Secret word codes for communication or Mushti sanket - Secret communication through fingers (used by traders in auctions).
|training birds
|training birds
|-
|-
|45
|45
−|
+|उत्सादनम् ॥ Making an enemy quit his place by means of a charm
−|Mlenchhit Vikalpa- Secret communication through gestures.
|Mlenchhit Vikalpa- Secret communication through gestures.
|coding
|coding
Line 454:
Line 272:
|-
|-
|46
|46
−|
+|केशमार्जनकौशलम् ॥ Cleaning and dressing the hair
−|Deshbhasha vidyan –Knowledge of foreign languages.
|Deshbhasha vidyan –Knowledge of foreign languages.
|making instruments/machines
|making instruments/machines
|-
|-
|47
|47
−|
+|अक्षरमुष्टिकाकथनम् ॥ Reading letters removed from one's sight and divining the nature of substances held within one's palm
−|Pushpashakatika- Decoration of vehicles with flowers.
|Pushpashakatika- Decoration of vehicles with flowers.
|training memory
|training memory
|-
|-
|48
|48
−|
+|म्लेच्छितक विकल्पाः ॥ Knowledge of books written in the language of Barbarians
−|Nimittadyana – Knowledge of auspicious date and time for a particular work.
|Nimittadyana – Knowledge of auspicious date and time for a particular work.
|physical exercise
|physical exercise
|-
|-
|49
|49
−|
+|देशभाषाज्ञानम् ॥ Fluently talking in the different Indian dialects
−|Yantramatruka- Knowledge of instruments or machines
|Yantramatruka- Knowledge of instruments or machines
|yogic
|yogic
Line 492:
Line 294:
|-
|-
|50
|50
−|
+|पुष्पशकटिकानिमित्तज्ञानम् ॥ Decoration of vehicles with flowers and Reading good or bad omens
−|DharaNmatruka- Remembering heard sentences.
|DharaNmatruka- Remembering heard sentences.
|
|
|-
|-
|51
|51
−|
+|यन्त्रमातृका ॥ Making diagrams by means of letters arranged in different orders as mystical formulae to be worshipped or worn as an amulet
−|Sampathya-
|Sampathya-
|
|
|-
|-
|52
|52
−|
+|धारणमातृका ॥ Remembering heard sentences.
−|Manasi Kavya Kriya – To complete incomplete poem or its part.
|Manasi Kavya Kriya – To complete incomplete poem or its part.
|
|
|-
|-
|53
|53
−|
+|सम्पाट्यम् ॥ Splitting hard substances such as diamonds into two or more pieces of different shapes
−|Abhidhankosha-
|Abhidhankosha-
|
|
|-
|-
|54
|54
−|
+|मानसी काव्य-
−क्रिया ॥ Reading the thoughts of others and bringing them out in a verse
−|Chandodyan
|Chandodyan
|
|
|-
|-
|55
|55
−|
+|क्रियाविकल्पाः ॥ Poetry forms
−|Kriyakalpa –Poetry forms
|Kriyakalpa –Poetry forms
|
|
|-
|-
|56
|56
−|
+|छलितकयोगाः ॥ Conceal body or speech.
−|Chalitak Yog –Conceal body or speech.
|Chalitak Yog –Conceal body or speech.
|
|
|-
|-
|57
|57
−|
+|अभिधानकोषच्छन्दोज्ञानम् ॥ lexicography and prosody
−|Vastragopan – covering parts of body with cloth.
|Vastragopan – covering parts of body with cloth.
|
|
|-
|-
|58
|58
−|
+|वस्त्रगोपनानि ॥ Showing off one's clothes as made of a superior texture than what they actually are
−|Dhyutavishesh-
|Dhyutavishesh-
|
|
|-
|-
|59
|59
−|
+|द्यूतविशेषः ॥ Playing at dice
−|Aakarsh kriya - Playing with dices.
|Aakarsh kriya - Playing with dices.
|
|
|-
|-
|60
|60
−|
+|आकर्षणक्रीडा ॥ Attracting remote objects
−|Balakridanak
|Balakridanak
|
|
|-
|-
|61
|61
−|
+|बालकक्रीडनकानि ॥ Playing childrens' games
−|Vainayiki dyna – Behavior with known and unknown persons.
|Vainayiki dyna – Behavior with known and unknown persons.
|
|
|-
|-
|62
|62
−|
+|वैनायिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ The Practice of charms
−|Vaijayiki Dynan –Knowledge of victory.
|Vaijayiki Dynan –Knowledge of victory.
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|63
|63
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+|वैवयिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Fore knowledge of the party going to win in a debate
−|Vyayam –Physical exercise.
|Vyayam –Physical exercise.
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|64
|64
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+|वैतालिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Keeping goblins and vampires under one's control
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