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| * षड्वेदाङ्गानि ॥ The Six Vedangas (Auxiliary Sciences): शिक्षा ॥ Shiksha (phonetics), व्याकरणम् ॥ Vyakarana (grammar), छन्दस् ॥ Chandas (metre), ज्योतिष् ॥ Jyotish (astronomy), कल्पः ॥ Kalpa (ritual) and निरुक्तम् ॥ Nirukta (etymology) | | * षड्वेदाङ्गानि ॥ The Six Vedangas (Auxiliary Sciences): शिक्षा ॥ Shiksha (phonetics), व्याकरणम् ॥ Vyakarana (grammar), छन्दस् ॥ Chandas (metre), ज्योतिष् ॥ Jyotish (astronomy), कल्पः ॥ Kalpa (ritual) and निरुक्तम् ॥ Nirukta (etymology) |
| However, as far as the कलाः ॥ kalas (arts) are concerned, there are competing enumerations of 64. | | However, as far as the कलाः ॥ kalas (arts) are concerned, there are competing enumerations of 64. |
| + | |
| + | == Which are the 64 Kalas ? == |
| + | As mentioned above, there are slight variations regarding the enumeration of the 64 कलाः ॥ Kalas (arts). The mention of these arts occur in: |
| + | * महाभारतम् ॥ Mahabharata by व्यासमहर्षिः ॥ Vyasa Maharshi |
| + | * कामसूत्रम् ॥ Kamasutra by वात्स्यायनः ॥ Vatsyayana |
| + | * नाट्यशास्त्रम् ॥ Natya Shastra by भरतमुनिः ॥ Bharatamuni |
| + | * भगवतपुराणम् ॥ Bhagavata Purana by व्यासमहर्षिः ॥ Vyasa Maharshi |
| + | * शुक्रनीतिः ॥ Shukraneeti by शुक्राचार्यः ॥ Shukracharya |
| + | * शिवतत्त्वरत्नाकरः ॥ Shivatattvaratnakara by बसवराजेन्द्रः ॥ Basavarajendra |
| + | The list of the 64 Kalas in these texts have been juxtaposed in the following table: |
| + | {| class="wikitable" |
| + | !Text |
| + | !महाभारतम् |
| + | !कामसूत्रम् |
| + | !नात्यशास्त्रम् |
| + | !भागवतपुराणम् |
| + | !शैवतन्त्राणि |
| + | !शुक्रनीतिः |
| + | !शिवतत्वरत्नाकरः |
| + | |- |
| + | |1 |
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| + | | |
| + | |Singing |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |2 |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |Playing on various musical instruments |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |3 |
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| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |Dancing |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |4 |
| + | | |
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| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |Acting, gesticulation, mimicry |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |5 |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |Drawing, Painting, Calligraphy |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |6 |
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| + | | |
| + | |Painting figures of various designs on the various parts of the body with musk paste and other fragrant substances. |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |7 |
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| + | |Preparing for use in worship various designs with grains of rice, flowers, etc |
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