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Sarama (Samskrit : सरमा) or Devashuni (Samskrit : देवशुनी) is referred to as the Mother of Dogs and Indra's subordinate in the Rig Veda. Her son is referred to as Saarameya || सारमेय  (Rig Veda 7.55.2).  Legend goes that Panis took away the divine cows (गोग्रहणम् || gograhanam) and hid them in caves. Devashuni or Sarama, under Indra's orders locates them and helps Indra release them. Rig veda has many references of Sarama (1.62.3, 1.72.8, 3.31.6, 4.16.8, 5.45.7 and 8, and in mandala 10).

Sarama (Samskrit : सरमा) or Devashuni (Samskrit : देवशुनी) is referred to as the Mother of Dogs and Indra's subordinate in the Rig Veda. Her son is referred to as Saarameya || सारमेय  (Rig Veda 7.55.2).  Legend goes that Panis stole the divine cows (गोग्रहणम् || gograhanam) and hid them in caves. Devashuni or Sarama, by Indra's orders goes in search and locates them thereby helps Indra release them. Rig veda has many references of Sarama (1.62.3, 1.72.8, 3.31.6, 4.16.8, 5.45.7 and 8, and in mandala 10).

== परिचय || Introduction ==

== परिचय || Introduction ==

In Srimad Bhaagavatam (6.6.24 to 26) it is said that Sarama is the wife of Kashyapa rishi and is the mother of all animals including tigers and lions.  

In Srimad Bhagavatam (6.6.24 to 26)<ref>Srimad Bhagavatapuranam English Translation ([http://bhagavata.org/canto6/chapter6.html Skanda 6 Adhyaya 6])</ref> it is said that Sarama is the wife of Kashyapa rishi and is the mother of all animals including tigers and lions.  

 

 

 

"O King Parikṣit, now please hear from me the names of Kasyapa's wives, from whose wombs the population of the entire universe has come. They are the mothers of almost all the population of the entire universe and their names are very auspicious to hear. They are Aditi, Diti, Danu, Kastha, Arista, Surasa, Ila, Muni, Krodhavasa, Tamra, Surabhi, Sarama and Timi. From the womb of Timi all the aquatics took birth and from the womb of Sarama the ferocious animals like the tigers and lions took birth."

"O King Parikṣit, now please hear from me the names of Kasyapa's wives, from whose wombs the population of the entire universe has come. They are the mothers of almost all the population of the entire universe and their names are very auspicious to hear. They are Aditi, Diti, Danu, Kastha, Arista, Surasa, Ila, Muni, Krodhavasa, Tamra, Surabhi, Sarama and Timi. From the womb of Timi all the aquatics took birth and from the womb of Sarama the ferocious animals like the tigers and lions took birth."

== व्युत्पत्तिः || Etymology ==

== व्युत्पत्तिः || Etymology ==

* Maharshi Yaska defines Sarama as सरमसरनथ्  || saramasaranath (Nirukti 11.25)  

* Maharshi Yaska defines Sarama as सरमा सरणात् । (Nirukti 11.24)<ref>Nirukta ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 11])</ref>

It means One who moves very fast or walks very fast.  

It means One who moves very fast or walks very fast.  

* Sri Sayanaacharya, explains Sarama as ''सरमा वाक् देवशुनिव  || sarama vak devasuniva'' (Rig. Veda. Bhasyam 4.46.8)  

* Sri Sayanaacharya, explains Sarama as ''सरमा वाक् देवशुनिव  || sarama vak devasuniva'' (Rig. Veda. Bhasyam 4.46.8)  

== Legend of  Sarama || सरमा ==

== Legend of  Sarama || सरमा ==

In the Rg mantra Sarama is glorified thus<blockquote>"''विश्वे अस्या वयुषि माहिनायाः सं यद गोभिर अङगिरसो नवन्त | <br>''

In the Rigveda mantra Sarama is glorified thus<blockquote>विश्वे अस्या वयुषि माहिनायाः सं यद गोभिर अङगिरसो नवन्त | उत्स आसाम परमे सधस्थ रतस्य पथा सरमा विदद गाः || (Rig Veda 5.45.8)</blockquote>'''Meaning''' : Angirasa, who during the morning hours along with Usha Devi, came with the cows and at that time the milk flowing from cow’s udders was offered in yajna. Sarama recognized and found the cows on the path of the रथ  || ratha.  

उत्स आसाम परमे सधस्थ रतस्य पथा सरमा विदद गाः ||'' ''"</blockquote><blockquote>"''viśve asyā vyuṣi māhināyāḥ saṃ yad ghobhir aṅghiraso navanta |''"</blockquote><blockquote>"''utsa āsām parame sadhastha ṛtasya pathā saramā vidad ghāḥ || (Rig Veda 5.45.8)''"</blockquote>'''''Meaning''' : Angirasa, who during the morning hours along with Usha Devi, came with the cows and at that time the milk flowing from cow’s udders was offered in yajna. Sarama recognized and found the cows on the path of the रथ  || ratha. ''

 

'''Esoteric Meaning''' :Here the cows are considered as transcendental knowledge and their moving about for grazing during उषः काल || ushah kala (morning hours) is called the time for ज्ञानोदय || jnanodaya (awakening of knowledge). For Angirasa to receive this knowledge, Sarama was very important and Sarama moves on into the path of rithasatya, (satyavrita) with greater speed and ahead of everyone she was able to locate the cows. This is Sarama’s rita path or the path of truth. She who moves very fast can understand the deepest place where ज्ञान || jnana (wisdom) is hidden through fragrance (sruthi fragrance).  

In the previous mantra, Sarama and her work is explained <blockquote>"''रतं यती सरमा गा अविन्दद विश्वानि सत्याङगिराश चकार ||'' "</blockquote><blockquote>"''ṛtaṃ yatī saramā ghā avindad viśvāni satyāṅghirāś cakāra ||  (Rig Veda 5.45.7)''"</blockquote>'''Meaning''' : Here, urged by hands, loudly rang the press-stone where with Navagvas sang praises for ten months . Saramā went and found the cattle. Aṅgiras gave effect to all their labors.

'''Esoteric Meaning''' :Here the cows are considered as transcendental knowledge and their moving about for grazing during उषः काल || ushah kala (morning hours) is called the time for ज्ञानोदय || jnanodaya (awakening of knowledge). For Angirasa to receive this knowledge, Sarama was very important and Sarama moves on into the path of rithasatya, (satyavrita) with greater speed and ahead of everyone she was able to locate the cows. This is Sarama’s rita path or the path of truth. She who moves very fast can understand the deepest place where ज्ञान || jnana (wisdom) is hidden through fragrance (sruthi is compared to fragrance).  

'''Esoteric Meaning''' :She Sarama, yajna which is compared to path of सत्य || satya or ऋतुरूप || ruturupa, she enters faster and recognizes the cows and Angirasa in all his yajnas was able to make it happen truthfully. This is connection between yajnatattva --the theology of yajna, rath and satya, and Sarama and Angirasa’s tapsya for jnana.

== Loyalty of Sarama ==

== Loyalty of Sarama ==

The '''10th mandala of Rig veda''' beautifully outlines the  सरमा-पणि सम्वादः || Sarama and Panis Samvaadaha wherein Sarama tries to convince the Panis to return the stolen cows. The Panis in turn try to lure Sarama by offering her the herdship of the cows and state her loyalty to them.  According to Rig Veda Sarama remains loyal to Indra and threatens the Panis of inviting the wrath of Indra if the cows are not returned to him. She then goes back to Indra and he with the help of Angirasa rushi retrieves the cows after defeating Panis.   

The '''10th mandala of Rig veda''' beautifully outlines the  सरमा-पणि सम्वादः || Sarama and Panis Samvaadaha wherein Sarama tries to convince the Panis to return the stolen cows. The Panis in turn try to lure Sarama by offering her the herdship of the cows and state her loyalty to them.  According to Rig Veda Sarama remains loyal to Indra and threatens the Panis of inviting the wrath of Indra if the cows are not returned to him. She then goes back to Indra and he with the help of Angirasa rushi retrieves the cows after defeating Panis.