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Shraddha (श्राद्धम्) (view source)

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* The days of krshnapaksha beginning with the tenth until the new moon day, except the fourteenth day, are considered most pure for a funeral sacrifice; none other is as pure (Manu Smrt. 3.276).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>कृष्णपक्षे दशम्यादौ वर्जयित्वा चतुर्दशीम् । श्राद्धे प्रशस्तास्तिथयो यथैता न तथेतराः || ३.२७६ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>kr̥ṣṇapakṣe daśamyādau varjayitvā caturdaśīm । śrāddhe praśastāstithayo yathaitā na tathetarāḥ || 3.276 ||</blockquote>

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* One who performs shraddha on ~~the~~ even days (like dvitiya or chaturthi) and under the even constellations (like bharani and rohini), gains the fulfilment of all his wishes; while the one who honours the forefathers on odd days (like pratipada and trtiya) and under odd constellations (like Ashvini and Krttika), obtains many progeny (Manu Smrt. 3.277).<ref name=":1" />

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* One who performs shraddha on even days (like dvitiya | द्वितीया or chaturthi । चतुर्थी) and under the even constellations (like bharani । भरणी and rohini । रोहिणिः), gains the fulfilment of all his wishes; while the one who honours the forefathers on odd days (like pratipada । प्रतिपदा and trtiya । तृतीया) and under odd constellations (like Ashvini । अश्विनी and Krttika । कृत्तिका), obtains many progeny (Manu Smrt. 3.277).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>युक्षु कुर्वन्दिनर्क्षेषु सर्वान्कामान्समश्नुते । अयुक्षु तु पितॄन्सर्वान्प्रजां प्राप्नोति पुष्कलाम् || ३.२७७ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yukṣu kurvandinarkṣeṣu sarvānkāmānsamaśnute । ayukṣu tu pitr̥̄nsarvānprajāṁ prāpnoti puṣkalām || 3.277 ||</blockquote>

* Just as krshnapaksh is preferable than shuklapaksha for Shraddha, similarly, the afternoon is considered a better time for the performance of a funeral sacrifice than the forenoon (Manu Smrt. 3.278).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>यथा चैवापरः पक्षः पूर्वपक्षाद्विशिष्यते । तथा श्राद्धस्य पूर्वाह्णादपराह्णो विशिष्यते || ३.२७८ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yathā caivāparaḥ pakṣaḥ pūrvapakṣādviśiṣyate । tathā śrāddhasya pūrvāhṇādaparāhṇo viśiṣyate || 3.278 ||</blockquote>

* One should not perform a funeral sacrifice at night, because that is the time of the Rakshasas, neither during sunrise, sunset or just after the sun has risen (Manu Smrt. 3.280).<ref name=":1" />

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<blockquote>रात्रौ श्राद्धं न कुर्वीत राक्षसी कीर्तिता हि सा । ~~संध्ययोरुभयोश्चैव~~ सूर्ये चैवाचिरोदिते || ३.२८० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>rātrau śrāddhaṁ na kurvīta rākṣasī kīrtitā hi sā । ~~saṁdhyayorubhayoścaiva~~ sūrye caivācirodite || 3.280 ||</blockquote>

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<blockquote>रात्रौ श्राद्धं न कुर्वीत राक्षसी कीर्तिता हि सा । सन्ध्ययोरुभयोश्चैव सूर्ये चैवाचिरोदिते || ३.२८० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>rātrau śrāddhaṁ na kurvīta rākṣasī kīrtitā hi sā । sandhyayorubhayoścaiva sūrye caivācirodite || 3.280 ||</blockquote>

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* If one is unable to offer a funeral sacrifice every month, according to the rules given above, one may do it thrice a year - in winter, in summer and in the rainy season. However, the ~~Pancha Mahayajnas~~ have to be performed every day (Manu Smrt. 3.281).<ref name=":1" />

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* If one is unable to offer a funeral sacrifice every month, according to the rules given above, one may do it thrice a year - in winter, in summer and in the rainy season. However, the Panchamahayajnas have to be performed every day (Manu Smrt. 3.281).<ref name=":1" />

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<blockquote>अनेन विधिना श्राद्धं त्रिरब्दस्येह निर्वपेत् । हेमन्तग्रीष्मवर्षासु ~~पाञ्चयज्ञिकं अन्वहम्~~ || ३.२८१ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>anena vidhinā śrāddhaṁ trirabdasyeha nirvapet । hemantagrīṣmavarṣāsu ~~pāñcayajñikaṁ anvaham~~ || 3.281 ||</blockquote>

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<blockquote>अनेन विधिना श्राद्धं त्रिरब्दस्येह निर्वपेत् । हेमन्तग्रीष्मवर्षासु पाञ्चयज्ञिकमन्वहम् || ३.२८१ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>anena vidhinā śrāddhaṁ trirabdasyeha nirvapet । hemantagrīṣmavarṣāsu pāñcayajñikamanvaham || 3.281 ||</blockquote>

== श्राद्धहविः ॥ The Offerings of Shraddha ==

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* A Grhastha should perform shraddha daily with water, sesame, barley or with milk, roots, fruits inorder to please the forefathers (Manu Smrt. 3.82).<ref name=":1" />

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* A Grhastha (गृहस्थः । householder) should perform shraddha daily with water, sesame, barley or with milk, roots, fruits inorder to please the forefathers (Manu Smrt. 3.82).<ref name=":1" />

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<blockquote>कुर्यादहरहः श्राद्धं अन्नाद्येनोदकेन वा । पयोमूलफलैर्वापि पितृभ्यः ~~प्रीतिं आवहन्~~ ॥ ३.८२ ॥<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>kuryādaharahaḥ śrāddhaṁ annādyenodakena vā । payomūlaphalairvāpi pitr̥bhyaḥ ~~prītiṁ āvahan~~ ॥ 3.82 ॥</blockquote>

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<blockquote>कुर्यादहरहः श्राद्धं अन्नाद्येनोदकेन वा । पयोमूलफलैर्वापि पितृभ्यः प्रीतिमावहन् ॥ ३.८२ ॥<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>kuryādaharahaḥ śrāddhaṁ annādyenodakena vā । payomūlaphalairvāpi pitr̥bhyaḥ prītimāvahan ॥ 3.82 ॥</blockquote>

* The ancestors are satisfied for one month with sesame grains, rice, barley, mung beans, water, roots, and fruits, which have been given according to the prescribed rule (Manu Smrt. 3.267).<ref name=":2" />

<blockquote>तिलैर्व्रीहियवैर्माषैरद्भिर्मूलफलेन वा । दत्तेन मासं तृप्यन्ति विधिवत्पितरो नृनाम् || ३.२६७ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>tilairvrīhiyavairmāṣairadbhirmūlaphalena vā । dattena māsaṁ tr̥pyanti vidhivatpitaro nr̥nām || 3.267 ||</blockquote>

* However, it is also said that, if a Brahmana is unable to procure elaborate offerings, even if he satisfies the forefathers with water, he obtains thereby the whole reward for the performance of the Shraddha. (Manu Smrt. 3.283).<ref name=":1" /> For, even water offered with faith (to the ancestors) in vessels made of silver or adorned with silver, produces endless (bliss) (Manu Smrt. 3.202).<ref name=":2" />

<blockquote>यदेव तर्पयत्यद्भिः पितॄन्स्नात्वा द्विजोत्तमः । तेनैव कृत्स्नं आप्नोति पितृयज्ञक्रियाफलम् || ३.२८३ ||</blockquote><blockquote>राजतैर्भाजनैरेषां अथो वा रजतान्वितैः । वार्यपि श्रद्धया दत्तं अक्षयायोपकल्पते || ३.२०२ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yadeva tarpayatyadbhiḥ pitr̥̄nsnātvā dvijottamaḥ । tenaiva kr̥tsnaṁ āpnoti pitr̥yajñakriyāphalam || 3.283 ||</blockquote><blockquote>rājatairbhājanaireṣāṁ atho vā rajatānvitaiḥ । vāryapi śraddhayā dattaṁ akṣayāyopakalpate || 3.202 ||</blockquote>

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* The afternoon time, kusha grass, cowdung smeared sacrificial place, sesame grains, liberality in serving food, taste of prepared food and distinguished ~~Brahmanas~~ are greatest at all funeral sacrifices (Manu Smrt. 3.255).<ref name=":1" />

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* The afternoon time, kusha grass, cowdung smeared sacrificial place, sesame grains, liberality in serving food, taste of prepared food and distinguished brahmanas are greatest at all funeral sacrifices (Manu Smrt. 3.255).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>अपराह्णस्तथा दर्भा वास्तुसंपादनं तिलाः । सृष्टिर्मृष्टिर्द्विजाश्चाग्र्याः श्राद्धकर्मसु संपदः || ३.२५५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>aparāhṇastathā darbhā vāstusaṁpādanaṁ tilāḥ । sr̥ṣṭirmr̥ṣṭirdvijāścāgryāḥ śrāddhakarmasu saṁpadaḥ || 3.255 ||</blockquote>

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* In fact, it is said that, the ancestors pray that 'May our family be endowed with someone who will please us by giving payas (milk-rice) mixed with honey and clarified butter, on the thirteenth lunar day or when the shadow of an elephant falls towards the east.'(Manu Smrt. 3.274).<ref name=":1" /> Therefore, whatever (food), mixed with honey, one gives on the thirteenth lunar day in the rainy season under the asterism of Magha, that also procures endless (satisfaction) (Manu Smrt. 3.273).<ref name=":2" />

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* In fact, it is said that, the ancestors pray that 'May our family be endowed with someone who will please us by giving payas (milk-rice) mixed with honey and clarified butter, on the thirteenth lunar day or when the shadow of an elephant falls towards the east.'(Manu Smrt. 3.274).<ref name=":1" /> Therefore, whatever (food), mixed with honey, one gives on the thirteenth lunar day in the rainy season under the asterism of Magha (माघः), that also procures endless (satisfaction) (Manu Smrt. 3.273).<ref name=":2" />

<blockquote>अपि नः स कुले भूयाद्यो नो दद्यात्त्रयोदशीम् । पायसं मधुसर्पिर्भ्यां प्राक्छाये कुञ्जरस्य च || ३.२७४ ||</blockquote><blockquote>यत्किं चिन्मधुना मिश्रं प्रदद्यात्तु त्रयोदशीम् । तदप्यक्षयं एव स्याद्वर्षासु च मघासु च || ३.२७३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>api naḥ sa kule bhūyādyo no dadyāttrayodaśīm । pāyasaṁ madhusarpirbhyāṁ prākchāye kuñjarasya ca || 3.274 ||</blockquote><blockquote>yatkiṁ cinmadhunā miśraṁ pradadyāttu trayodaśīm । tadapyakṣayaṁ eva syādvarṣāsu ca maghāsu ca || 3.273 ||</blockquote>

* However, whatever is given to the forefathers with utmost devotion and faith, according to the prescribed rule, one gains countless fruits for that in the other world (Manu Smrt. 3.275).<ref name=":1" />

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<blockquote>यद्यद्ददाति विधिवत्सम्यक्श्रद्धासमन्वितः । तत्तत्पितॄणां भवति ~~परत्रानन्तं अक्षयम्~~ || ३.२७५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yadyaddadāti vidhivatsamyakśraddhāsamanvitaḥ । tattatpitr̥̄ṇāṁ bhavati ~~paratrānantaṁ akṣayam~~ || 3.275 ||</blockquote>

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<blockquote>यद्यद्ददाति विधिवत्सम्यक्श्रद्धासमन्वितः । तत्तत्पितॄणां भवति परत्रानन्तमक्षयम् || ३.२७५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yadyaddadāti vidhivatsamyakśraddhāsamanvitaḥ । tattatpitr̥̄ṇāṁ bhavati paratrānantamakṣayam || 3.275 ||</blockquote>

== श्राद्धकार्यविधिः ॥ Shraddha Karya Vidhi ==

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* One should first perform a Devakarya (offering in honour of the gods) as a protection for the offering to the forefathers; because the Rakshasas destroy a funeral sacrifice which is left without such a protection.Therefore, ~~One~~ should begin and end the Shraddha with a rite in honour of the gods; and not with a rite to the forefathers; for he who makes it begin and end with a rite in honour of the forefathers, soon perishes together with his progeny (Manu Smrt. 3.204 and 3.205).<ref name=":1" />

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* One should first perform a Devakarya (देवकार्यम् । offering in honour of the gods) as a protection for the offering to the forefathers; because the Rakshasas destroy a funeral sacrifice which is left without such a protection.Therefore, one should begin and end the Shraddha with a rite in honour of the gods; and not with a rite to the forefathers; for he who makes it begin and end with a rite in honour of the forefathers, soon perishes together with his progeny (Manu Smrt. 3.204 and 3.205).<ref name=":1" />

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<blockquote>~~तेषां आरक्षभूतं~~ तु पूर्वं दैवं नियोजयेत् । ~~रक्सांसि~~ विप्रलुम्पन्ति ~~श्राद्धं आरक्षवर्जितम्~~ || ३.२०४ ||</blockquote><blockquote>दैवाद्यन्तं तदीहेत पित्राद्यन्तं न तद्भवेत् । पित्राद्यन्तं त्वीहमानः क्षिप्रं नश्यति सान्वयः || ३.२०५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>~~teṣāṁ ārakṣabhūtaṁ~~ tu pūrvaṁ daivaṁ niyojayet । ~~raksāṁsi~~ vipralumpanti ~~śrāddhaṁ ārakṣavarjitam~~ || 3.204 ||</blockquote>

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<blockquote>तेषामारक्षभूतं तु पूर्वं दैवं नियोजयेत् । रक्षांसि हि विप्रलुम्पन्ति श्राद्धमारक्षवर्जितम् || ३.२०४ ||</blockquote><blockquote>दैवाद्यन्तं तदीहेत पित्राद्यन्तं न तद्भवेत् । पित्राद्यन्तं त्वीहमानः क्षिप्रं नश्यति सान्वयः || ३.२०५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>teṣāmārakṣabhūtaṁ tu pūrvaṁ daivaṁ niyojayet । rakṣāṁsi hi vipralumpanti śrāddhamārakṣavarjitam || 3.204 ||</blockquote>

<blockquote>daivādyantaṁ tadīheta pitrādyantaṁ na tadbhavet । pitrādyantaṁ tvīhamānaḥ kṣipraṁ naśyati sānvayaḥ || 3.205 ||</blockquote>

* Then one should smear a pure and secluded place with cowdung, and carefully make it sloping towards the south. The forefathers are always pleased with offerings made in open, naturally pure places, on the banks of rivers, and in secluded spots (Manu Smrt. 3.206 and 3.207).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>शुचिं देशं विविक्तं च गोमयेनोपलेपयेत् । दक्षिनाप्रवणं चैव प्रयत्नेनोपपादयेत् || ३.२०६ ||</blockquote><blockquote>अवकाशेषु चोक्षेषु जलतीरेषु चैव हि । विविक्तेषु च तुष्यन्ति दत्तेन पितरः सदा || ३.२०७ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>śuciṁ deśaṁ viviktaṁ ca gomayenopalepayet । dakṣināpravaṇaṁ caiva prayatnenopapādayet || 3.206 || </blockquote><blockquote>avakāśeṣu cokṣeṣu jalatīreṣu caiva hi । vivikteṣu ca tuṣyanti dattena pitaraḥ sadā || 3.207 ||</blockquote>

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* Then one should make the invited ~~Brahmanas~~, sit down on separate, prepared seats of kusha grass. Having seated those virtuous ~~Brahmanas~~ on their seats, he should honour them with fragrant perfumes, sandalwood, flowers, incense,etc beginning with those called in honour of the Vishvedevas followed by those for the Pitrs. (Manu Smrt. 3.208 and 3.209)<ref name=":1" />

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* Then one should make the invited brahmanas, sit down on separate, prepared seats of kusha grass. Having seated those virtuous brahmanas on their seats, he should honour them with fragrant perfumes, sandalwood, flowers, incense,etc beginning with those called in honour of the Vishvedevas followed by those for the Pitrs. (Manu Smrt. 3.208 and 3.209)<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>आसनेषूपक्ल्प्तेषु बर्हिष्मत्सु पृथक्पृथक् । उपस्पृष्टोदकान्सम्यग्विप्रांस्तानुपवेशयेत् || ३.२०८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>उपवेश्य तु तान्विप्रानासनेष्वजुगुप्सितान् । गन्धमाल्यैः सुरभिभिरर्चयेद्दैवपूर्वकम् || ३.२०९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>āsaneṣūpaklpteṣu barhiṣmatsu pr̥thakpr̥thak । upaspr̥ṣṭodakānsamyagviprāṁstānupaveśayet || 3.208 ||</blockquote><blockquote>upaveśya tu tānviprānāsaneṣvajugupsitān । gandhamālyaiḥ surabhibhirarcayeddaivapūrvakam || 3.209 ||</blockquote>

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* Having presented to them Arghya with sesame and blades of kusha grass, one should offer oblations in the sacred fire with the ~~Brahmanas~~ called for the ~~Shraddha~~, after having taken permission from everyone. (Manu Smrt. 3.210).<ref name=":1" />

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* Having presented to them Arghya with sesame and blades of kusha grass, one should offer oblations in the sacred fire with the brahmanas called for the shraddha, after having taken permission from everyone. (Manu Smrt. 3.210).<ref name=":1" />

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<blockquote>~~तेषां उदकं आनीय~~ सपवित्रांस्तिलानपि । अग्नौ कुर्यादनुज्ञातो ब्राह्मणो ब्राह्मणैः सह || ३.२१० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>~~teṣāṁ udakaṁ ānīya~~ sapavitrāṁstilānapi । agnau kuryādanujñāto brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇaiḥ saha || 3.210 ||</blockquote>

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<blockquote>येषामुदकमानीय सपवित्रांस्तिलानपि । अग्नौ कुर्यादनुज्ञातो ब्राह्मणो ब्राह्मणैः सह || ३.२१० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yeṣāmudakamānīya sapavitrāṁstilānapi । agnau kuryādanujñāto brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇaiḥ saha || 3.210 ||</blockquote>

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* One should first, please Agni, Soma and Yama with oblations, afterwards on should satisfy the forefathers by offering of sacrificial food. But if no sacred fire is available, one shall place the three offerings into the hand of a ~~Brahmana~~; for ~~Brahmanas~~ are considered a form of Agni. Also, Pitrkarma must not be made in laukika agni and an Agnihotri (~~Brahmana~~ who keeps a sacred fire) may perform Shraddha only on the new-moon day. (Manu Smrt. 3.211, 212 and 282).<ref name=":1" />

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* One should first, please Agni, Soma and Yama with oblations, afterwards one should satisfy the forefathers by offering of sacrificial food. But if no sacred fire is available, one shall place the three offerings into the hand of a brahmana; for brahmanas are considered a form of Agni. Also, Pitrkarma must not be made in laukika agni (लौकिक-अग्निः) and an Agnihotri (brahmana who keeps a sacred fire) may perform Shraddha only on the new-moon day. (Manu Smrt. 3.211, 212 and 282).<ref name=":1" />

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<blockquote>अग्नेः सोमयमाभ्यां च ~~कृत्वाप्यायनं आदितः~~ । हविर्दानेन विधिवत्पश्चात्संतर्पयेत्पितॄन् || ३.२११ ||</blockquote><blockquote>अग्न्यभावे तु विप्रस्य पाणावेवोपपादयेत् । यो ह्यग्निः स द्विजो विप्रैर्मन्त्रदर्शिभिरुच्यते || ३.२१२ ||</blockquote><blockquote>न पैतृयज्ञियो होमो लौकिकेऽग्नौ विधीयते । न दर्शेन विना ~~श्राद्धं आहिताग्नेर्द्विजन्मनः~~ || ३.२८२ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>agneḥ somayamābhyāṁ ca kr̥tvāpyāyanaṁ āditaḥ । havirdānena vidhivatpaścātsaṁtarpayetpitr̥̄n || 3.211 ||</blockquote><blockquote>agnyabhāve tu viprasya pāṇāvevopapādayet । yo hyagniḥ sa dvijo viprairmantradarśibhirucyate || 3.212 ||</blockquote><blockquote>na paitr̥yajñiyo homo laukike'gnau vidhīyate । na darśena vinā śrāddhaṁ āhitāgnerdvijanmanaḥ || 3.282 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>अग्नेः सोमयमाभ्यां च कृत्वाप्यायनमादितः । हविर्दानेन विधिवत्पश्चात्संतर्पयेत्पितॄन् || ३.२११ ||</blockquote><blockquote>अग्न्यभावे तु विप्रस्य पाणावेवोपपादयेत् । यो ह्यग्निः स द्विजो विप्रैर्मन्त्रदर्शिभिरुच्यते || ३.२१२ ||</blockquote><blockquote>न पैतृयज्ञियो होमो लौकिकेऽग्नौ विधीयते । न दर्शेन विना श्राद्धमाहिताग्नेर्द्विजन्मनः || ३.२८२ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>agneḥ somayamābhyāṁ ca kr̥tvāpyāyanaṁ āditaḥ । havirdānena vidhivatpaścātsaṁtarpayetpitr̥̄n || 3.211 ||</blockquote><blockquote>agnyabhāve tu viprasya pāṇāvevopapādayet । yo hyagniḥ sa dvijo viprairmantradarśibhirucyate || 3.212 ||</blockquote><blockquote>na paitr̥yajñiyo homo laukike'gnau vidhīyate । na darśena vinā śrāddhaṁ āhitāgnerdvijanmanaḥ || 3.282 ||</blockquote>

* After giving the two oblations in the fire for the forefathers and other ceremonies in such a manner that they end in the south, one should sprinkle water with his right hand on the spot where the pindas are to be placed.Then having made three portions out of the remainder of that sacrificial food, one must, concentrating his mind and turning towards the south, place them on Kusha grass exactly in the same manner in which water was poured. (Manu Smrt. 3.214 and 215)<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>~~अपसव्यं अग्नौ~~ कृत्वा ~~सर्वं आवृत्य~~ विक्रमम् । अपसव्येन हस्तेन निर्वपेदुदकं भुवि || ३.२१४ ||</blockquote><blockquote>त्रींस्तु तस्माद्धविःशेषात्पिण्डान्कृत्वा समाहितः । औदकेनैव विधिना निर्वपेद्दक्षिणामुखः || ३.२१५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>~~apasavyaṁ agnau~~ kr̥tvā ~~sarvaṁ āvr̥tya~~ vikramam । apasavyena hastena nirvapedudakaṁ bhuvi || 3.214 ||</blockquote><blockquote>trīṁstu tasmāddhaviḥśeṣātpiṇḍānkr̥tvā samāhitaḥ । audakenaiva vidhinā nirvapeddakṣiṇāmukhaḥ || 3.215 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>अपसव्यमग्नौ कृत्वा सर्वमावृत्य विक्रमम् । अपसव्येन हस्तेन निर्वपेदुदकं भुवि || ३.२१४ ||</blockquote><blockquote>त्रींस्तु तस्माद्धविःशेषात्पिण्डान्कृत्वा समाहितः । औदकेनैव विधिना निर्वपेद्दक्षिणामुखः || ३.२१५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>apasavyamagnau kr̥tvā sarvamāvr̥tya vikramam । apasavyena hastena nirvapedudakaṁ bhuvi || 3.214 ||</blockquote><blockquote>trīṁstu tasmāddhaviḥśeṣātpiṇḍānkr̥tvā samāhitaḥ । audakenaiva vidhinā nirvapeddakṣiṇāmukhaḥ || 3.215 ||</blockquote>

* Having placed the pindas according to the prescribed rule, one should wash the same hand near those blades of Kusha grass for the sake of the three ancestors (beginning with the great grand father) who partake of the lepa (Manu Smrt. 3.216)<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>न्युप्य पिण्डांस्ततस्तांस्तु प्रयतो विधिपूर्वकम् । तेषु दर्भेषु तं हस्तं निर्मृज्याल्लेपभागिनाम् || ३.२१६ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>nyupya piṇḍāṁstatastāṁstu prayato vidhipūrvakam । teṣu darbheṣu taṁ hastaṁ nirmr̥jyāllepabhāginām || 3.216 ||</blockquote>

−

* Next, having done achamana (sipping water) turned towards the north, and slowly doing Pranayama thrice, one should worship the six seasons and the forefathers. (Manu Smrt. 3.217)<ref name=":1" />

+

* Next, having done achamana (आचमनम् । sipping water in a ritual) turned towards the north, and slowly doing Pranayama (प्राणायामः) thrice, one should worship the six seasons and the forefathers. (Manu Smrt. 3.217)<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>आचम्योदक्परावृत्य त्रिरायम्य शनैरसून् । षडृतूंश्च नमस्कुर्यात्पितॄनेव च मन्त्रवत् || ३.२१७ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>ācamyodakparāvr̥tya trirāyamya śanairasūn । ṣaḍr̥tūṁśca namaskuryātpitr̥̄neva ca mantravat || 3.217 ||</blockquote>

−

* Then one should gently pour out the water remaining in the ~~pindadan~~ vessel near the pindas, and then smell those pindas, in the same order in which they were placed. Later taking successively very small portions from the pindas, one should first make those seated ~~Brahmanas~~ eat them. Meaning, one portion of the pinda offered to the ~~pitr~~ should be given to the corresponding brahmana seated on his behalf (Manu Smrt. 3.218 and 3.219)<ref name=":1" />

+

* Then one should gently pour out the water remaining in the pindadana (पिण्डदानम्) vessel near the pindas, and then smell those pindas, in the same order in which they were placed. Later taking successively very small portions from the pindas, one should first make those seated brahmanas eat them. Meaning, one portion of the pinda offered to the pitru should be given to the corresponding brahmana seated on his behalf (Manu Smrt. 3.218 and 3.219)<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>उदकं निनयेच्छेषं शनैः पिण्डान्तिके पुनः । अवजिघ्रेच्च तान्पिण्डान्यथान्युप्तान्समाहितः || ३.२१८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>पिण्डेभ्यस्त्वल्पिकां मात्रां समादायानुपूर्वशः । तानेव ~~विप्रानासीनान्विधिवत्पूर्वं आशयेत्~~ || ३.२१९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>udakaṁ ninayeccheṣaṁ śanaiḥ piṇḍāntike punaḥ । avajighrecca tānpiṇḍānyathānyuptānsamāhitaḥ || 3.218 ||</blockquote><blockquote>piṇḍebhyastvalpikāṁ mātrāṁ samādāyānupūrvaśaḥ । tāneva ~~viprānāsīnānvidhivatpūrvaṁ āśayet~~ || 3.219 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>उदकं निनयेच्छेषं शनैः पिण्डान्तिके पुनः । अवजिघ्रेच्च तान्पिण्डान्यथान्युप्तान्समाहितः || ३.२१८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>पिण्डेभ्यस्त्वल्पिकां मात्रां समादायानुपूर्वशः । तानेव विप्रानासीनान्विधिवत्पूर्वमाशयेत् || ३.२१९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>udakaṁ ninayeccheṣaṁ śanaiḥ piṇḍāntike punaḥ । avajighrecca tānpiṇḍānyathānyuptānsamāhitaḥ || 3.218 ||</blockquote><blockquote>piṇḍebhyastvalpikāṁ mātrāṁ samādāyānupūrvaśaḥ । tāneva viprānāsīnānvidhivatpūrvamāśayet || 3.219 ||</blockquote>

* If the sacrificer's father is living, he must offer shraddha to three ancestors beginning with the grandfather; or he may feed his own father as the brahmana invited in his position. But he whose father is dead, while his grandfather lives, should, after pronouncing his father's name, mention the name of his great-grandfather. According to Manu, either the grandfather may eat at that Shraddha as a brahmana guest, or the sacrificer having received his permission, may perform shraddha of two previous ancestors (Manu Smrt. 3.220, 221 and 222).<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>ध्रियमाणे तु पितरि पूर्वेषां एव निर्वपेत् । विप्रवद्वापि तं श्राद्धे स्वकं ~~पितरं आशयेत्~~ || ३.२२० ||</blockquote><blockquote>पिता यस्य निवृत्तः स्याज्जीवेच्चापि पितामहः । पितुः स नाम सङ्कीर्त्य कीर्तयेत्प्रपितामहम् || ३.२२१ ||</blockquote><blockquote>पितामहो वा तच्छ्राद्धं भुञ्जीतेत्यब्रवीन्मनुः । कामं वा समनुज्ञातः स्वयं एव समाचरेत् || ३.२२२ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>dhriyamāṇe tu pitari pūrveṣāṁ eva nirvapet । vipravadvāpi taṁ śrāddhe svakaṁ ~~pitaraṁ āśayet~~ || 3.220 ||</blockquote><blockquote>pitā yasya nivr̥ttaḥ syājjīveccāpi pitāmahaḥ । pituḥ sa nāma saṅkīrtya kīrtayetprapitāmaham || 3.221 ||</blockquote><blockquote>pitāmaho vā tacchrāddhaṁ bhuñjītetyabravīnmanuḥ । kāmaṁ vā samanujñātaḥ svayaṁ eva samācaret || 3.222 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>ध्रियमाणे तु पितरि पूर्वेषां एव निर्वपेत् । विप्रवद्वापि तं श्राद्धे स्वकं पितरमाशयेत् || ३.२२० ||</blockquote><blockquote>पिता यस्य निवृत्तः स्याज्जीवेच्चापि पितामहः । पितुः स नाम सङ्कीर्त्य कीर्तयेत्प्रपितामहम् || ३.२२१ ||</blockquote><blockquote>पितामहो वा तच्छ्राद्धं भुञ्जीतेत्यब्रवीन्मनुः । कामं वा समनुज्ञातः स्वयं एव समाचरेत् || ३.२२२ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>dhriyamāṇe tu pitari pūrveṣāṁ eva nirvapet । vipravadvāpi taṁ śrāddhe svakaṁ pitaramāśayet || 3.220 ||</blockquote><blockquote>pitā yasya nivr̥ttaḥ syājjīveccāpi pitāmahaḥ । pituḥ sa nāma saṅkīrtya kīrtayetprapitāmaham || 3.221 ||</blockquote><blockquote>pitāmaho vā tacchrāddhaṁ bhuñjītetyabravīnmanuḥ । kāmaṁ vā samanujñātaḥ svayaṁ eva samācaret || 3.222 ||</blockquote>

−

* Having poured water mixed with sesame, in which a blade of kusha grass has been placed, into the hands of the brahmanas, one should give the top portion of the pinda to the three brahmanas, saying, 'To the ~~pitrs~~, Svadha!'(Manu Smrt. 3.223)<ref name=":1" />

+

* Having poured water mixed with sesame, in which a blade of kusha grass has been placed, into the hands of the brahmanas, one should give the top portion of the pinda to the three brahmanas, saying, 'To the pitrus, Svadha !'(Manu Smrt. 3.223)<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>तेषां दत्त्वा तु हस्तेषु सपवित्रं तिलोदकम् । तत्पिण्डाग्रं प्रयच्छेत ~~स्वधैषां अस्त्विति~~ ब्रुवन् || ३.२२३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>teṣāṁ dattvā tu hasteṣu sapavitraṁ tilodakam । tatpiṇḍāgraṁ prayaccheta svadhaiṣāṁ astviti bruvan || 3.223 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>तेषां दत्त्वा तु हस्तेषु सपवित्रं तिलोदकम् । तत्पिण्डाग्रं प्रयच्छेत स्वधैषामस्त्विति ब्रुवन् || ३.२२३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>teṣāṁ dattvā tu hasteṣu sapavitraṁ tilodakam । tatpiṇḍāgraṁ prayaccheta svadhaiṣāṁ astviti bruvan || 3.223 ||</blockquote>

−

* Then carrying the vessel filled with food with both hands, one should gently place it before the ~~Brahmanas~~. If the food is not brought with two hands, the wicked rakshasas take away that food (Manu Smrt. 3.224 and 225).<ref name=":1" />

+

* Then carrying the vessel filled with food with both hands, one should gently place it before the brahmanas. If the food is not brought with two hands, the wicked rakshasas take away that food (Manu Smrt. 3.224 and 225).<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>पाणिभ्यां तूपसंगृह्य ~~स्वयं अन्नस्य~~ वर्धितम् । विप्रान्तिके पितॄन्ध्यायन्शनकैरुपनिक्षिपेत् || ३.२२४ ||</blockquote><blockquote>उभयोर्हस्तयोर्मुक्तं ~~यदन्नं उपनीयते~~ । तद्विप्रलुम्पन्त्यसुराः सहसा दुष्टचेतसः || ३.२२५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>pāṇibhyāṁ tūpasaṁgr̥hya svayaṁ annasya vardhitam । viprāntike pitr̥̄ndhyāyanśanakairupanikṣipet || 3.224 ||</blockquote><blockquote>ubhayorhastayormuktaṁ ~~yadannaṁ upanīyate~~ । tadvipralumpantyasurāḥ sahasā duṣṭacetasaḥ || 3.225 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>पाणिभ्यां तूपसंगृह्य स्वयमन्नस्य वर्धितम् । विप्रान्तिके पितॄन्ध्यायन्शनकैरुपनिक्षिपेत् || ३.२२४ ||</blockquote><blockquote>उभयोर्हस्तयोर्मुक्तं यदन्नमुपनीयते । तद्विप्रलुम्पन्त्यसुराः सहसा दुष्टचेतसः || ३.२२५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>pāṇibhyāṁ tūpasaṁgr̥hya svayaṁ annasya vardhitam । viprāntike pitr̥̄ndhyāyanśanakairupanikṣipet || 3.224 ||</blockquote><blockquote>ubhayorhastayormuktaṁ yadannamupanīyate । tadvipralumpantyasurāḥ sahasā duṣṭacetasaḥ || 3.225 ||</blockquote>

* The sacrificer should carefully keep the preparations of vegetables, pulses etc as well as milk, curd, clarified butter and honey on the ground (Manu Smrt. 3.226)<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>गुणांश्च सूपशाकाद्यान्पयो दधि घृतं मधु । विन्यसेत्प्रयतः पूर्वं भूमावेव समाहितः || ३.२२६ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>guṇāṁśca sūpaśākādyānpayo dadhi ghr̥taṁ madhu । vinyasetprayataḥ pūrvaṁ bhūmāveva samāhitaḥ || 3.226 ||</blockquote>

* All this one should present to one's guests (the brahmanas) by proclaiming the qualities of each dish (Manu Smrt. 3.228).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>उपनीय तु तत्सर्वं शनकैः सुसमाहितः । परिवेषयेत प्रयतो गुणान्सर्वान्प्रचोदयन् || ३.२२८ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>upanīya tu tatsarvaṁ śanakaiḥ susamāhitaḥ । pariveṣayeta prayato guṇānsarvānpracodayan || 3.228 ||</blockquote>

−

* One should never drop a tear, become angry or utter an untruth, nor touch the food with his foot or toss it in the air especially while serving in the Shraddha. Because, a tear sends the food to the Pretas, anger to the enemies, falsehood to the dogs, by hitting with foot sends it to the Rakshasas and tossing it takes it to the sinners (instead of the ~~pitrs~~) (Manu Smrt. 3.229 and 230).<ref name=":1" />

+

* One should never drop a tear, become angry or utter an untruth, nor touch the food with his foot or toss it in the air especially while serving in the Shraddha. Because, a tear sends the food to the Pretas, anger to the enemies, falsehood to the dogs, by hitting with foot sends it to the Rakshasas and tossing it takes it to the sinners (instead of the pitrus) (Manu Smrt. 3.229 and 230).<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>~~नास्रं आपातयेज्जातु~~ न कुप्येन्नानृतं वदेत् । न पादेन स्पृशेदन्नं न चैतदवधूनयेत् || ३.२२९ ||</blockquote><blockquote>अस्रं गमयति प्रेतान्कोपोऽरीननृतं शुनः । पादस्पर्शस्तु रक्षांसि दुष्कृतीनवधूननम् || ३.२३० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>~~nāsraṁ āpātayejjātu~~ na kupyennānr̥taṁ vadet । na pādena spr̥śedannaṁ na caitadavadhūnayet || 3.229 ||</blockquote><blockquote>asraṁ gamayati pretānkopo'rīnanr̥taṁ śunaḥ । pādasparśastu rakṣāṁsi duṣkr̥tīnavadhūnanam || 3.230 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>नास्रमापातयेज्जातु न कुप्येन्नानृतं वदेत् । न पादेन स्पृशेदन्नं न चैतदवधूनयेत् || ३.२२९ ||</blockquote><blockquote>अस्रं गमयति प्रेतान्कोपोऽरीननृतं शुनः । पादस्पर्शस्तु रक्षांसि दुष्कृतीनवधूननम् || ३.२३० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>nāsramāpātayejjātu na kupyennānr̥taṁ vadet । na pādena spr̥śedannaṁ na caitadavadhūnayet || 3.229 ||</blockquote><blockquote>asraṁ gamayati pretānkopo'rīnanr̥taṁ śunaḥ । pādasparśastu rakṣāṁsi duṣkr̥tīnavadhūnanam || 3.230 ||</blockquote>

−

* Whatever may please the Brahmanas, that food should be served well. One should also say stories of Ishvara, for that is pleasurable to the forefathers. Infact, (at a sacrifice in honour of the forefathers), one must let his guests hear the ~~Vedas~~, dharma shastras, akhyanas (legends), itihasas, Puranas, etc. So, one should delight the brahmanas, serve them food gradually and by repeatedly praising the qualities of the food encourage them to eat more (Manu Smrt. 3.231, 232 and 233).<ref name=":1" />

+

* Whatever may please the Brahmanas, that food should be served well. One should also say stories of Ishvara (ईश्वरः), for that is pleasurable to the forefathers. Infact, (at a sacrifice in honour of the forefathers), one must let his guests hear the vedas, dharma shastras, akhyanas (आख्यान-s | legends), itihasas, Puranas, etc. So, one should delight the brahmanas, serve them food gradually and by repeatedly praising the qualities of the food, encourage them to eat more (Manu Smrt. 3.231, 232 and 233).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>यद्यद्रोचेत विप्रेभ्यस्तत्तद्दद्यादमत्सरः । ब्रह्मोद्याश्च कथाः कुर्यात्पितॄणां एतदीप्सितम् || ३.२३१ ||</blockquote><blockquote>स्वाध्यायं श्रावयेत्पित्र्ये धर्मशास्त्राणि चैव हि । आख्यानानीतिहासांश्च पुराणानि खिलानि च || ३.२३२ ||</blockquote><blockquote>हर्षयेद्ब्राह्मणांस्तुष्टो भोजयेच्च शनैःशनैः । अन्नाद्येनासकृच्चैतान्गुणैश्च परिचोदयेत् || ३.२३३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>yadyadroceta viprebhyastattaddadyādamatsaraḥ । brahmodyāśca kathāḥ kuryātpitr̥̄ṇāṁ etadīpsitam || 3.231 ||</blockquote>

<blockquote>svādhyāyaṁ śrāvayetpitrye dharmaśāstrāṇi caiva hi । ākhyānānītihāsāṁśca purāṇāni khilāni ca || 3.232 ||</blockquote><blockquote>harṣayedbrāhmaṇāṁstuṣṭo bhojayecca śanaiḥśanaiḥ । annādyenāsakr̥ccaitānguṇaiśca paricodayet || 3.233 ||</blockquote>

−

* One should promptly feed a daughter's son at a funeral sacrifice, even if he be a student (brahmachari). For him to sit, one must offer a blanket made near the himalayas and sprinkle sesame grains on the place of shraddha. At a ~~Shraddha~~, a daughter's son, a blanket and sesame grains are considered pure. And purity, absence of anger and patience are praised (Manu Smrt. 3.234 and 235).<ref name=":1" />

+

* One should promptly feed a daughter's son at a funeral sacrifice, even if he be a student (brahmachari). For him to sit, one must offer a blanket made near the himalayas and sprinkle sesame grains on the place of shraddha. At a shraddha, a daughter's son, a blanket and sesame grains are considered pure. And purity, absence of anger and patience are praised (Manu Smrt. 3.234 and 235).<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>~~व्रतस्थं अपि~~ दौहित्रं श्राद्धे यत्नेन भोजयेत् । कुतपं चासनं दद्यात्तिलैश्च विकिरेन्महीम् || ३.२३४ ||</blockquote><blockquote>त्रीणि श्राद्धे पवित्राणि दौहित्रः कुतपस्तिलाः । त्रीणि चात्र प्रशंसन्ति ~~शौचं अक्रोधं अत्वराम्~~ || ३.२३५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vratasthaṁ api dauhitraṁ śrāddhe yatnena bhojayet । kutapaṁ cāsanaṁ dadyāttilaiśca vikirenmahīm || 3.234 ||</blockquote><blockquote>trīṇi śrāddhe pavitrāṇi dauhitraḥ kutapastilāḥ । trīṇi cātra praśaṁsanti ~~śaucaṁ akrodhaṁ atvarām~~ || 3.235 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>व्रतस्थमपि दौहित्रं श्राद्धे यत्नेन भोजयेत् । कुतपं चासनं दद्यात्तिलैश्च विकिरेन्महीम् || ३.२३४ ||</blockquote><blockquote>त्रीणि श्राद्धे पवित्राणि दौहित्रः कुतपस्तिलाः । त्रीणि चात्र प्रशंसन्ति शौचमक्रोधमत्वराम् || ३.२३५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vratasthaṁ api dauhitraṁ śrāddhe yatnena bhojayet । kutapaṁ cāsanaṁ dadyāttilaiśca vikirenmahīm || 3.234 ||</blockquote><blockquote>trīṇi śrāddhe pavitrāṇi dauhitraḥ kutapastilāḥ । trīṇi cātra praśaṁsanti śaucamakrodhamatvarām || 3.235 ||</blockquote>

−

* If a ~~Brahmana~~ or an ascetic comes for food at the time of ~~Brahmana~~ bhojana ~~vidhi~~, one may, with the permission of the invited ~~Brahmana~~ guests, honour him according to his ability (Manu Smrt. 3.243)<ref name=":1" />

+

* If a brahmana or an ascetic comes for food at the time of brahmana bhojana ritual, one may, with the permission of the invited brahmana guests, honour him according to his ability (Manu Smrt. 3.243)<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>ब्राह्मणं भिक्षुकं वापि ~~भोजनार्थं उपस्थितम्~~ । ब्राह्मणैरभ्यनुज्ञातः शक्तितः प्रतिपूजयेत् || ३.२४३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>brāhmaṇaṁ bhikṣukaṁ vāpi ~~bhojanārthaṁ upasthitam~~ । brāhmaṇairabhyanujñātaḥ śaktitaḥ pratipūjayet || 3.243 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>ब्राह्मणं भिक्षुकं वापि भोजनार्थमुपस्थितम् । ब्राह्मणैरभ्यनुज्ञातः शक्तितः प्रतिपूजयेत् || ३.२४३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>brāhmaṇaṁ bhikṣukaṁ vāpi bhojanārthamupasthitam । brāhmaṇairabhyanujñātaḥ śaktitaḥ pratipūjayet || 3.243 ||</blockquote>

−

* One should mix the leftovers of all the kinds of food together, sprinkle them with water and put it in front of the brahmanas and some of them on the ~~Kusha~~ grass (Manu Smrt. 3.244)<ref name=":1" />

+

* One should mix the leftovers of all the kinds of food together, sprinkle them with water and put it in front of the brahmanas and some of them on the kusha grass (Manu Smrt. 3.244)<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>~~सार्ववर्णिकं अन्नाद्यं~~ संनीयाप्लाव्य वारिणा । ~~समुत्सृजेद्भुक्तवतां अग्रतो~~ विकिरन्भुवि || ३.२४४ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>~~sārvavarṇikaṁ annādyaṁ~~ saṁnīyāplāvya vāriṇā । ~~samutsr̥jedbhuktavatāṁ agrato~~ vikiranbhuvi || 3.244 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>सार्ववर्णिकमन्नाद्यं संनीयाप्लाव्य वारिणा । समुत्सृजेद्भुक्तवतामग्रतो विकिरन्भुवि || ३.२४४ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>sārvavarṇikamannādyaṁ saṁnīyāplāvya vāriṇā । samutsr̥jedbhuktavatāmagrato vikiranbhuvi || 3.244 ||</blockquote>

−

* Until the performance of Sapindikarana, one must perform shraddha without vishvedeva and feed at the funeral sacrifice one ~~Brahmana~~ with food and one pinda. Once the Sapindikarana of the deceased has been performed, according to the shraddha ~~vidhi~~, the sons must offer pindas on the new moon day (Man Smrt. 3.248).<ref name=":1" />

+

* Until the performance of Sapindikarana (सपिण्डीकरणम्), one must perform shraddha without vishvedeva and feed at the funeral sacrifice one brahmana with food and one pinda. Once the Sapindikarana of the deceased has been performed, according to the shraddha ritual, the sons must offer pindas on the new moon day (Man Smrt. 3.248).<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>आसपिण्डक्रियाकर्म द्विजातेः संस्थितस्य तु । अदैवं भोजयेच्छ्राद्धं ~~पिण्डं~~ एकं च निर्वपेत् || ३.२४७ ||</blockquote><blockquote>सहपिण्डक्रियायां तु ~~कृतायां अस्य~~ धर्मतः । अनयैवावृता कार्यं पिण्डनिर्वपनं सुतैः || ३.२४८ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>āsapiṇḍakriyākarma dvijāteḥ saṁsthitasya tu । adaivaṁ bhojayecchrāddhaṁ ~~piṇḍaṁ~~ ekaṁ ca nirvapet || 3.247 ||</blockquote><blockquote>sahapiṇḍakriyāyāṁ tu ~~kr̥tāyāṁ asya~~ dharmataḥ । anayaivāvr̥tā kāryaṁ piṇḍanirvapanaṁ sutaiḥ || 3.248 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>आसपिण्डक्रियाकर्म द्विजातेः संस्थितस्य तु । अदैवं भोजयेच्छ्राद्धं पिण्डम् एकं च निर्वपेत् || ३.२४७ ||</blockquote><blockquote>सहपिण्डक्रियायां तु कृतायामस्य धर्मतः । अनयैवावृता कार्यं पिण्डनिर्वपनं सुतैः || ३.२४८ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>āsapiṇḍakriyākarma dvijāteḥ saṁsthitasya tu । adaivaṁ bhojayecchrāddhaṁ piṇḍam ekaṁ ca nirvapet || 3.247 ||</blockquote><blockquote>sahapiṇḍakriyāyāṁ tu kr̥tāyāmasya dharmataḥ । anayaivāvr̥tā kāryaṁ piṇḍanirvapanaṁ sutaiḥ || 3.248 ||</blockquote>

−

* Having the question, 'Have you dined well?' to the well fed brahmana guests, one must get them to do achamana ~~(sip water)~~ and give them a send off saying 'May you do as you please' (Manu Smrt. 3.251)<ref name=":1" />

+

* Having asked the question, 'Have you dined well?' to the well fed brahmana guests, one must get them to do achamana and give them a send off saying 'May you do as you please' (Manu Smrt. 3.251)<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>पृष्ट्वा ~~स्वदितं~~ इत्येवं तृप्तानाचामयेत्ततः । आचान्तांश्चानुजानीयादभितो ~~रम्यतां~~ इति || ३.२५१ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>pr̥ṣṭvā ~~svaditaṁ~~ ityevaṁ tr̥ptānācāmayettataḥ । ācāntāṁścānujānīyādabhito ~~ramyatāṁ~~ iti || 3.251 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>पृष्ट्वा स्वदितम् इत्येवं तृप्तानाचामयेत्ततः । आचान्तांश्चानुजानीयादभितो रम्यतम् इति || ३.२५१ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>pr̥ṣṭvā svaditam ityevaṁ tr̥ptānācāmayettataḥ । ācāntāṁścānujānīyādabhito ramyatam iti || 3.251 ||</blockquote>

−

* After that, the ~~Brahmana~~ must say, 'May there be Svadha' for, at all rites in honour of the forefathers, the word Svadha is considered the highest honour (Manu Smrt. 3.252).<ref name=":1" />

+

* After that, the brahmana must say, 'May there be Svadha' for, at all rites in honour of the forefathers, the word Svadha is considered the highest honour (Manu Smrt. 3.252).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>स्वधास्त्वित्येव तं ब्रूयुर्ब्राह्मणास्तदनन्तरम् । स्वधाकारः परा ह्याषीः सर्वेषु पितृकर्मसु || ३.२५२ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>svadhāstvityeva taṁ brūyurbrāhmaṇāstadanantaram । svadhākāraḥ parā hyāṣīḥ sarveṣu pitr̥karmasu || 3.252 ||</blockquote>

* Next one should inform the brahmanas, who have finished their meal, about the food which remains and according to their instructions one must dispose it (Manu Smrt. 3.253).<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>ततो भुक्तवतां ~~तेषां अन्नशेषं~~ निवेदयेत् । यथा ब्रूयुस्तथा कुर्यादनुज्ञातस्ततो द्विजैः || ३.२५३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>tato bhuktavatāṁ teṣāṁ annaśeṣaṁ nivedayet । yathā brūyustathā kuryādanujñātastato dvijaiḥ || 3.253 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>ततो भुक्तवतां तेषामन्नशेषं निवेदयेत् । यथा ब्रूयुस्तथा कुर्यादनुज्ञातस्ततो द्विजैः || ३.२५३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>tato bhuktavatāṁ teṣāṁ annaśeṣaṁ nivedayet । yathā brūyustathā kuryādanujñātastato dvijaiḥ || 3.253 ||</blockquote>

−

* One must ask the satisfaction of the invited ~~Brahmanas~~ by saying, 'Svaditam' at a Shraddha in honour of the forefathers, at a Goshthi-shraddha by saying sushrutam; at a Vriddhi-shraddha, sampannam; and at a rite in honour of the gods, ruchitam (Manu Smrt. 3.254)<ref name=":1" />

+

* One must ask the satisfaction of the invited brahmanas by saying, 'Svaditam' at a Shraddha in honour of the forefathers, at a Goshthi-shraddha by saying sushrutam; at a Vriddhi-shraddha, sampannam; and at a rite in honour of the gods, ruchitam (Manu Smrt. 3.254)<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>पित्र्ये ~~स्वदितं~~ इत्येव वाच्यं गोष्ठे तु सुशृतम् । ~~संपन्नं~~ इत्यभ्युदये दैवे ~~रुचितं~~ इत्यपि || ३.२५४ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>~~pitrye svaditaṁ ityeva vācyaṁ goṣṭhe tu suśr̥tam~~ । ~~saṁpannaṁ ityabhyudaye daive rucitaṁ ityapi~~ || 3.~~254~~ ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>पित्र्ये स्वदितम् इत्येव वाच्यं गोष्ठे तु सुशृतम् । संपन्नम् इत्यभ्युदये दैवे रुचितम् इत्यपि || ३.२५४ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>पित्र्ये स्वदितम् इत्येव वाच्यं गोष्ठे तु सुशृतम् । संपन्नम् इत्यभ्युदये दैवे रुचितम् इत्यपि || ३.२५४ ||</blockquote>

−

* Having sent the invited ~~Brahmanas~~ back, one should carefully take a bath and standing towards the south, ask these blessings of the forefathers: 'May our race see generous men ! May our study of the ~~Vedas~~ and our progeny increase ! May we never forsake faith from the vaidika ~~karma~~ ! May we have enough riches to provide to our successors !' (Manu Smrt. 3.259).<ref name=":1" />

+

* Having sent the invited brahmanas back, one should carefully take a bath and standing towards the south, ask these blessings of the forefathers: 'May our race see generous men ! May our study of the vedas and our progeny increase ! May we never forsake faith from the vaidika activity ! May we have enough riches to provide to our successors !' (Manu Smrt. 3.259).<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>विसृज्य ब्राह्मणांस्तांस्तु नियतो वाग्यतः शुचिः । दक्षिणां ~~दिशं आकाङ्क्षन्याचेतेमान्वरान्पितॄन्~~ || ३.२५८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>दातारो नोऽभिवर्धन्तां वेदाः संततिरेव च । श्रद्धा च नो मा व्यगमद्बहुदेयं च नोऽस्त्विति || ३.२५९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>visr̥jya brāhmaṇāṁstāṁstu niyato vāgyataḥ śuciḥ । dakṣiṇāṁ ~~diśaṁ ākāṅkṣanyācetemānvarānpitr̥̄n~~ || 3.258 ||</blockquote><blockquote>dātāro no'bhivardhantāṁ vedāḥ saṁtatireva ca । śraddhā ca no mā vyagamadbahudeyaṁ ca no'stviti || 3.259 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>विसृज्य ब्राह्मणांस्तांस्तु नियतो वाग्यतः शुचिः । दक्षिणां दिशमाकाङ्क्षन्याचेतेमान्वरान्पितॄन् || ३.२५८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>दातारो नोऽभिवर्धन्तां वेदाः संततिरेव च । श्रद्धा च नो मा व्यगमद्बहुदेयं च नोऽस्त्विति || ३.२५९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>visr̥jya brāhmaṇāṁstāṁstu niyato vāgyataḥ śuciḥ । dakṣiṇāṁ diśamākāṅkṣanyācetemānvarānpitr̥̄n || 3.258 ||</blockquote><blockquote>dātāro no'bhivardhantāṁ vedāḥ saṁtatireva ca । śraddhā ca no mā vyagamadbahudeyaṁ ca no'stviti || 3.259 ||</blockquote>

−

* Having thus completed the shraddha offering, one should offer the pindas to a cow, a ~~Brahmana~~ or a goat, or offer it to the sacred fire or water. Some make the offering of the pindas before the brahmana bhojana; some offer it for birds to eat or some leave it into fire or water (Manu Smrt. 3.260 and 261).<ref name=":1" />

+

* Having thus completed the shraddha offering, one should offer the pindas to a cow, a brahmana or a goat, or offer it to the sacred fire or water. Some make the offering of the pindas before the brahmana bhojana; some offer it for birds to eat or some leave it into fire or water (Manu Smrt. 3.260 and 261).<ref name=":1" />

−

<blockquote>एवं निर्वपणं कृत्वा पिण्डांस्तांस्तदनन्तरम् । गां ~~विप्रं अजं अग्निं~~ वा प्राशयेदप्सु वा क्षिपेत् || ३.२६० || </blockquote><blockquote>पिण्डनिर्वपणं के चित्परस्तादेव कुर्वते । वयोभिः खादयन्त्यन्ये प्रक्षिपन्त्यनलेऽप्सु वा || ३.२६१ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>evaṁ nirvapaṇaṁ kr̥tvā piṇḍāṁstāṁstadanantaram । gāṁ ~~vipraṁ ajaṁ agniṁ~~ vā prāśayedapsu vā kṣipet || 3.260 || </blockquote><blockquote>piṇḍanirvapaṇaṁ ke citparastādeva kurvate । vayobhiḥ khādayantyanye prakṣipantyanale'psu vā || 3.261 ||</blockquote>

+

<blockquote>एवं निर्वपणं कृत्वा पिण्डांस्तांस्तदनन्तरम् । गां विप्रमजमग्निं वा प्राशयेदप्सु वा क्षिपेत् || ३.२६० || </blockquote><blockquote>पिण्डनिर्वपणं के चित्परस्तादेव कुर्वते । वयोभिः खादयन्त्यन्ये प्रक्षिपन्त्यनलेऽप्सु वा || ३.२६१ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>evaṁ nirvapaṇaṁ kr̥tvā piṇḍāṁstāṁstadanantaram । gāṁ vipramajamagniṁ vā prāśayedapsu vā kṣipet || 3.260 || </blockquote><blockquote>piṇḍanirvapaṇaṁ ke citparastādeva kurvate । vayobhiḥ khādayantyanye prakṣipantyanale'psu vā || 3.261 ||</blockquote>

−

* A faithful wife, who is desirous of bearing a son, may eat the middle pinda kept in the honour of the ~~Grand father~~. By this, she will bring forth a son long-lived, successful, intelligent, wealthy, blessed with progeny and endowed with the qualities of truthfulness and righteousness. Then, having washed hands, one should serve food to one's own relations and then to others (Manu Smrt. 3.262 and 3.263).<ref name=":1" />

+

* A faithful wife, who is desirous of bearing a son, may eat the middle pinda kept in the honour of the grandfather. By this, she will bring forth a son long-lived, successful, intelligent, wealthy, blessed with progeny and endowed with the qualities of truthfulness and righteousness. Then, having washed hands, one should serve food to one's own relations and then to others (Manu Smrt. 3.262 and 3.263).<ref name=":1" />

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<blockquote>पतिव्रता धर्मपत्नी पितृपूजनतत्परा । मध्यमं तु ततः ~~पिण्डं अद्यात्सम्यक्सुतार्थिनी~~ || ३.२६२ ||</blockquote><blockquote>आयुष्मन्तं सुतं सूते यशोमेधासमन्वितम् । धनवन्तं प्रजावन्तं सात्त्विकं धार्मिकं तथा || ३.२६३ || </blockquote><blockquote>प्रक्षाल्य हस्तावाचाम्य ज्ञातिप्रायं प्रकल्पयेत् । ज्ञातिभ्यः सत्कृतं दत्त्वा बान्धवानपि भोजयेत् || ३.२६४ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>pativratā dharmapatnī pitr̥pūjanatatparā । madhyamaṁ tu tataḥ ~~piṇḍaṁ adyātsamyaksutārthinī~~ || 3.262 ||</blockquote><blockquote>āyuṣmantaṁ sutaṁ sūte yaśomedhāsamanvitam । dhanavantaṁ prajāvantaṁ sāttvikaṁ dhārmikaṁ tathā || 3.263 ||</blockquote><blockquote>prakṣālya hastāvācāmya jñātiprāyaṁ prakalpayet । jñātibhyaḥ satkr̥taṁ dattvā bāndhavānapi bhojayet || 3.264 ||</blockquote>

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<blockquote>पतिव्रता धर्मपत्नी पितृपूजनतत्परा । मध्यमं तु ततः पिण्डमद्यात्सम्यक्सुतार्थिनी || ३.२६२ ||</blockquote><blockquote>आयुष्मन्तं सुतं सूते यशोमेधासमन्वितम् । धनवन्तं प्रजावन्तं सात्त्विकं धार्मिकं तथा || ३.२६३ || </blockquote><blockquote>प्रक्षाल्य हस्तावाचाम्य ज्ञातिप्रायं प्रकल्पयेत् । ज्ञातिभ्यः सत्कृतं दत्त्वा बान्धवानपि भोजयेत् || ३.२६४ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>pativratā dharmapatnī pitr̥pūjanatatparā । madhyamaṁ tu tataḥ piṇḍamadyātsamyaksutārthinī || 3.262 ||</blockquote><blockquote>āyuṣmantaṁ sutaṁ sūte yaśomedhāsamanvitam । dhanavantaṁ prajāvantaṁ sāttvikaṁ dhārmikaṁ tathā || 3.263 ||</blockquote><blockquote>prakṣālya hastāvācāmya jñātiprāyaṁ prakalpayet । jñātibhyaḥ satkr̥taṁ dattvā bāndhavānapi bhojayet || 3.264 ||</blockquote>

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* After the ~~Brahmanas~~ leave, having cleared the remnants from that place; one should perform the offerings of vaishvadeva and bhuta bali. This is the regulated procedure (Manu Smrt. 3.265).<ref name=":1" />

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* After the brahmanas leave, having cleared the remnants from that place; one should perform the offerings of vaishvadeva and bhuta bali. This is the regulated procedure (Manu Smrt. 3.265).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>उच्छेषणं तु तत्तिष्ठेद्यावद्विप्रा विसर्जिताः । ततो गृहबलिं कुर्यादिति धर्मो व्यवस्थितः || ३.२६५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>uccheṣaṇaṁ tu tattiṣṭhedyāvadviprā visarjitāḥ । tato gr̥habaliṁ kuryāditi dharmo vyavasthitaḥ || 3.265 ||</blockquote>

* It is said that, one should duly perform shraddha (the rites in honour of the forefathers), untired, holding the kusha grass in the hands, unto death (Manu Smrt. 3.279).<ref name=":1" />

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<blockquote>प्राचीनावीतिना ~~सम्यगपसव्यं अतन्द्रिणा~~ । ~~पित्र्यं~~ आ निधनात्कार्यं विधिवद्दर्भपाणिना || ३.२७९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>prācīnāvītinā ~~samyagapasavyaṁ atandriṇā~~ । ~~pitryaṁ~~ ā nidhanātkāryaṁ vidhivaddarbhapāṇinā || 3.279 ||</blockquote>

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<blockquote>प्राचीनावीतिना सम्यगपसव्यमतन्द्रिणा । पित्र्यम् आ निधनात्कार्यं विधिवद्दर्भपाणिना || ३.२७९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>prācīnāvītinā samyagapasavyamatandriṇā । pitryam ā nidhanātkāryaṁ vidhivaddarbhapāṇinā || 3.279 ||</blockquote>

== श्राद्धभोजनम् ॥ Shraddha Bhojana ==

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