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Line 18: − + − + + + + + + + + + + + − ये शास्त्रविधिमुत्सृज्य यजन्ते श्रद्धयान्विताः । तेषां निष्ठा तु का कृष्ण सत्त्वमाहो रजस्तमः ॥१७.१॥<ref name=":5" /> + − In verse 17.1 Arjuna says to Krsna, “People who do not follow the method given in śāstras or scriptures, but worship with shraddha, what is their nature? Are they sāttvika (calmness or illumination), rājasika (or dynamism), or tāmasika (or inertia)?” This question allows us to synthesise the three gunas as enunciated in sān˙khya darśana with shraddha. +
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=== श्रद्धाप्रकाराः ॥ Types of Shraddha ===
=== श्रद्धाप्रकाराः ॥ Types of Shraddha ===
Shabdakalpadruma<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> quotes the following verses from the Bhagavad Gita (Adhyaya 17) and states that shraddha is of 3 types. <blockquote>श्रीभगवानुवाच ।</blockquote><blockquote>त्रिविधा भवति श्रद्धा देहिनां सा स्वभावजा । सात्त्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति तां शृणु ॥१७.२॥</blockquote><blockquote>सत्त्वानुरूपा सर्वस्य श्रद्धा भवति भारत । श्रद्धामयोऽयं पुरुषो यो यच्छ्रद्धः स एव सः ॥१७.३॥</blockquote><blockquote>यजन्ते सात्त्विका देवान्यक्षरक्षांसि राजसाः । प्रेतान्भूतगणांश्चान्ये यजन्ते तामसा जनाः ॥१७.४॥<ref name=":5">Bhagavad Gita, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83 Chapter 17 (Shraddha Traya Vibhaga Yoga)]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''śrībhagavānuvāca ।''</blockquote><blockquote>''trividhā bhavati śraddhā dehināṁ sā svabhāvajā । sāttvikī rājasī caiva tāmasī ceti tāṁ śr̥ṇu ॥17.2॥''</blockquote><blockquote>''sattvānurūpā sarvasya śraddhā bhavati bhārata । śraddhāmayo'yaṁ puruṣo yo yacchraddhaḥ sa eva saḥ ॥17.3॥''</blockquote><blockquote>''yajante sāttvikā devānyakṣarakṣāṁsi rājasāḥ । pretānbhūtagaṇāṁścānye yajante tāmasā janāḥ ॥17.4॥''</blockquote>Meaning: Bhagavan said, "Shraddha of people, born of their individual natures, is of three kinds. It is characterized by sattva, rajas or tamas. Hear now about it. Shraddha of each person is in accordance with his natural disposition. O Bharata, a person is made of his Shraddha; what his Shraddha is, that he verily is. People in whom sattva prevails worship the deities; people in whom rajas prevails worship the demigods; and people in whom tamas prevails worship ghosts and disembodied spirits."<ref name=":3">Swami Nikhilananda (1944), [https://estudantedavedanta.net/Srimad%20Bhagavad%20Gita%20with%20Commentary%20-%20Swami%20Nikhilananda%20(1944)%20%5BEnglish%5D.pdf The Bhagavad Gita], New York: Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center.</ref>
Shabdakalpadruma<ref name=":1" /> quotes the verses 17.2, 17.3 and 17.4 from the Bhagavad Gita (Adhyaya 17) and states, <blockquote>सा (श्रद्धा) त्रिविधा ।<ref name=":2" /> ''sā (śraddhā) trividhā ।''</blockquote>ie. shraddha is of 3 types. Namely, Satviki, Rajasi and Tamasi. <blockquote>त्रिविधा भवति श्रद्धा देहिनां सा स्वभावजा । सात्त्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति तां शृणु ॥१७.२॥<ref name=":5">Bhagavad Gita, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83 Chapter 17 (Shraddha Traya Vibhaga Yoga)]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''trividhā bhavati śraddhā dehināṁ sā svabhāvajā । sāttvikī rājasī caiva tāmasī ceti tāṁ śr̥ṇu ॥17.2॥''</blockquote>Meaning: Shraddha of people, born of their individual natures, is of three kinds. It is characterized by sattva, rajas or tamas.<ref name=":3" />
Shraddha shapes a person
This is in response to Arjuna's question to Shri Krishna in verse 17.1 about the nature of people who do not follow the method given in the shastras but worship with Shraddha<ref name=":4" /> that reads as, <blockquote>ये शास्त्रविधिमुत्सृज्य यजन्ते श्रद्धयान्विताः । तेषां निष्ठा तु का कृष्ण सत्त्वमाहो रजस्तमः ॥१७.१॥<ref name=":5" /></blockquote><blockquote>''ye śāstravidhimutsr̥jya yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ । teṣāṁ niṣṭhā tu kā kr̥ṣṇa sattvamāho rajastamaḥ ॥17.1॥''</blockquote>And having enumerated the typology of shraddha from the perspective of Samkhya philosophy<ref name=":4" />, Shri Krishna emphasizes further that Shraddha of each person is in accordance with one's natural disposition. A person is made of his Shraddha; what his Shraddha is, that he verily is.<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>सत्त्वानुरूपा सर्वस्य श्रद्धा भवति भारत । श्रद्धामयोऽयं पुरुषो यो यच्छ्रद्धः स एव सः ॥१७.३॥<ref name=":5" /></blockquote><blockquote>''sattvānurūpā sarvasya śraddhā bhavati bhārata । śraddhāmayo'yaṁ puruṣo yo yacchraddhaḥ sa eva saḥ ॥17.3॥''</blockquote>it depends on the inner nature of a person, reflects the basic nature of people
Shraddha shapes a person whatever is the nature of shraddha of a person, so becomes that person. people are the personification of shraddha.
In fact, it is so central and essential a thing that the Gita justly says that whatever is a man’s shraddha, that he is, yo yacchraddhah sa eva sah. Here, it may be added that whatever he has the faith to see as possible in himself and strive for, that he can create and become.
one's shraddha and inherent qualities reflect in the choices one makes. That's probably why it is said <blockquote>यजन्ते सात्त्विका देवान्यक्षरक्षांसि राजसाः । प्रेतान्भूतगणांश्चान्ये यजन्ते तामसा जनाः ॥१७.४॥<ref name=":5" /></blockquote><blockquote>''yajante sāttvikā devānyakṣarakṣāṁsi rājasāḥ । pretānbhūtagaṇāṁścānye yajante tāmasā janāḥ ॥17.4॥''</blockquote>Meaning: People in whom sattva prevails worship the deities; people in whom rajas prevails worship the demigods; and people in whom tamas prevails worship ghosts and disembodied spirits."<ref name=":3" />
People with sāttvika shraddha worship deities, those with rājasika shraddha worship lesser deities, and those with tāmasika shraddha worship evil spirits.
Based on one’s shraddha and inherent qualities, one not only chooses what one eats but also the kind of yajña, tapas, and dāna one performs.
Arjuna asks Shri Krishna about the nature of those people who , “People who do not follow the method given in śāstras or scriptures, but worship with shraddha, what is their nature? Are they sāttvika (calmness or illumination), rājasika (or dynamism), or tāmasika (or inertia)?” This question allows us to synthesise the three gunas as enunciated in sān˙khya darśana with shraddha.<blockquote>इति श्रीभगवद्गीतायां १७ अध्यायः ॥ * ॥</blockquote><blockquote>''śrībhagavānuvāca ।''</blockquote>Meaning: Bhagavan said, "Shraddha of people, born of their individual natures, is of three kinds. It is characterized by sattva, rajas or tamas. Hear now about it. Shraddha of each person is in accordance with his natural disposition. O Bharata, a person is made of his Shraddha; what his Shraddha is, that he verily is. People in whom sattva prevails worship the deities; people in whom rajas prevails worship the demigods; and people in whom tamas prevails worship ghosts and disembodied spirits."<ref name=":3">Swami Nikhilananda (1944), [https://estudantedavedanta.net/Srimad%20Bhagavad%20Gita%20with%20Commentary%20-%20Swami%20Nikhilananda%20(1944)%20%5BEnglish%5D.pdf The Bhagavad Gita], New York: Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center.</ref>
Shraddha shapes a person
त्रिविधा भवति श्रद्धा देहिनां सा स्वभावजा । सात्त्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति तां शृणु ॥१७.२॥<ref name=":5" />
त्रिविधा भवति श्रद्धा देहिनां सा स्वभावजा । सात्त्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति तां शृणु ॥१७.२॥<ref name=":5" />