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Line 49: − − ==== Difference between Shabda and Anumana Pramana ==== − {| class="wikitable" − ! − !Anumana − !Shabda − |- − |Function − | − |Entities not known through Pratyaksha are known when trustworthy persons ascertain it. − |- − |Instrument − |Knowledge of vyapti or universal relation − |Occurs due to the knowledge of words or sentences<ref name=":72" /> − |- − |Relationship − | − |In order for Shabda to convey its meaning a relation other than contact (samyoga) is essential − |- − | − | − | − |}
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Shabdabodha (Samskrit : शाब्दबोधः) refers to the awareness and information of things hitherto unknown (to the listeners), to convey which, a speaker utters words generated by shabda arranged in intelligible sentences. The awareness generated by such shabda — in the form of a sentence – is called "Shabdabodha", which is cognition of sentence meaning or awareness of the relation (of word-meanings). Almost all schools of darshanas, vyakarana and alankara shastras have dealt with this topic extensively.<ref name=":0">Dr. N. S. Ramanuja Tatacharya. (2005) ''[https://archive.org/details/ShabdaBodhamimansaAnInquiryIntoIndianTheoriesOfVerbalCognitionN.S.RamanujaTatacharya/page/n39 Shabdabodhamimamsa. An Inquiry into Indian Theories of Verbal Cognition. Volume 1: The Sentence and its Significance.]'' New Delhi : Rastriya Sanskrit Samsthan</ref>
Shabdabodha (Samskrit : शाब्दबोधः) refers to the awareness and information of things hitherto unknown (to the listeners), to convey which, a speaker utters words generated by shabda arranged in intelligible sentences. The awareness generated by such shabda — in the form of a sentence – is called "Shabdabodha", which is cognition of sentence meaning or awareness of the relation (of word-meanings). Almost all schools of darshanas, vyakarana and alankara shastras have dealt with this topic extensively.<ref name=":0">Dr. N. S. Ramanuja Tatacharya. (2005) ''[https://archive.org/details/ShabdaBodhamimansaAnInquiryIntoIndianTheoriesOfVerbalCognitionN.S.RamanujaTatacharya/page/n39 Shabdabodhamimamsa. An Inquiry into Indian Theories of Verbal Cognition. Volume 1: The Sentence and its Significance.]'' New Delhi : Rastriya Sanskrit Samsthan</ref>
== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
Here in the present article we engage in a discussion about shabdas (varnas), padas (words) and vakyas (group of words) and their role in comprehension of knowledge.
Here in the present article we engage in a discussion about shabdas (varnas), padas (words) and vakyas (group of words) and their role in comprehension of knowledge.
* understanding shabda (shabda vichara)
* '''ध्वनिविज्ञानम् ॥ Science of Dhvani''': It includes the understanding shabda ([[Shabda Vichara (शब्दविचारः)|shabda vichara]]), [[Origin and Propagation of Sound (शब्दोत्पत्तिः प्रसारश्च)|origin and propagation of sound]], classification of sound etc. validity and distinction of Shabda (or verbal testimony) as a pramana.
* '''पदविज्ञानम् ॥ Science of Padas''' : It includes nature of a padas ([[Pada Vichara (पदविचारः)|pada vichara]]), their formation from shabdas, padarthas and their kinds, import of words.
* nature of a vakya and vakyarthavichara (sentence-meaning)
* '''वाक्यविज्ञानम् ॥ Science of Vakyas''' : It includes construction of a sentence ([[Vakya Vichara (वाक्यविचारः)|vakya vichara]]), factors involved in the cognition of the vakyartha, import of sentences.
* cause of the cognition of the vakyartha
* '''अर्थविज्ञानम् ॥ Science of Comprehension''' : It includes an overall perspective of how a meaning is grasped from sentences and is a combined effort of all the above factors leading to comprehension.
== Shabdabodha ==
== Shabdabodha ==
# comprehended through understanding the relation among the meanings of words or sentence-meaning
# comprehended through understanding the relation among the meanings of words or sentence-meaning
# gives rise to the knowledge (purport) of objects about which the words are uttered.
# gives rise to the knowledge (purport) of objects about which the words are uttered.
== शब्दलक्षणम् ॥ Shabda Lakshana - Nyaya Darshana ==
== शब्दलक्षणम् ॥ Shabda Lakshana - Nyaya Darshana ==