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== चत्वारी पदजातानि ॥ Four Kinds of Padajatis ==
== चत्वारी पदजातानि ॥ Four Kinds of Padajatis ==
Words belong to four groups.<ref>Subramanya Sharma. V. M. (2012) Ph.D Thesis: ''[http://hdl.handle.net/10603/105711 The Notion of Word in Vakyapadiyam.]'' Hyderabad : University of Hyderabad</ref>
Words belong to four groups.<ref name=":4">Subramanya Sharma. V. M. (2012) Ph.D Thesis: ''[http://hdl.handle.net/10603/105711 The Notion of Word in Vakyapadiyam.]'' Hyderabad : University of Hyderabad</ref>
# नाम ॥ Nama - Nouns
# नाम ॥ Nama - Nouns
# आख्यातम् ॥ Akhyata - Verbs
# आख्यातम् ॥ Akhyata - Verbs
# उपसर्गः ॥ Upasarga - Prefix
# उपसर्गः ॥ Upasarga - Prefix
# निपातम् ॥ Nipata -
# निपातम् ॥ Nipata - Filler (Padapurana)
The first clear reference to the four-fold division of words is seen in the Rigveda mantra<blockquote>चत्वारि वाक्परिमिता पदानि तानि विदुर्ब्राह्मणा ये मनीषिणः । गुहा त्रीणि निहिता नेङ्गयन्ति तुरीयं वाचो मनुष्या वदन्ति ॥४५॥ (Rig. Veda. 1.164.45)</blockquote>
The first clear reference to the four-fold division of words is seen in the Rigveda mantra<blockquote>चत्वारि वाक्परिमिता पदानि तानि विदुर्ब्राह्मणा ये मनीषिणः । गुहा त्रीणि निहिता नेङ्गयन्ति तुरीयं वाचो मनुष्या वदन्ति ॥४५॥ (Rig. Veda. 1.164.45)</blockquote>Prior to Panini there were four-fold divisions of shabdas in Vajasaneya Pratisakhya of Sakatayana and Nirukta of Yaska. According to Yaska
# Nama is that kind of word where the concrete form of a thing or sattva is considered to be important. Ex., गौरश्वः पुरुषो हस्तीति । cow, horse, man and elephant, is nama or name of a thing.
# Akhyata is that kind of word where the meaning of the verb (Bhava) is considered to be predominent such as in व्रजति ( walks) पचति (cooks).
# Upasargas are the prefixes such as pra, para, apa, sam, nis, nir, dur etc., which cannot by themselves express any meaning but if not added before nama and akhyata would affect the meaning of the dhatu. Ex., आहार (आ upsarga added to हृँ dhatu) विहार (वि upsarga added to हृँ dhatu) प्रहार ( प्र upsarga) संहार (सं upasarga) etc. Here ahara means food, samhara means to kill, vihara means to travel etc.
# Nipatas are those which are employed in the sense of more or less. Nipatas according to Sakatayana is used as a filler for the adjustment of meter in prosody. Ex., api is used in the sense of similar, and also as a filler, na is used in the sense of negation etc.<ref name=":4" />
== The Import of Words ==
== The Import of Words ==