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→Defining Characteristics of Jiva: added Prashnopanishad
# self - Atman as in the empirical sense of Jiva (some call it as Jivatma), refers the individual agentic self, the one who knows, feels and does things.
# self - Atman as in the empirical sense of Jiva (some call it as Jivatma), refers the individual agentic self, the one who knows, feels and does things.
Jiva is synonymous with Dehi, Purusha, Kshetrajna etc., based on usage in different texts.
Jiva is synonymous with Dehi, Purusha, Kshetrajna etc., based on usage in different texts.
In Prashnopanishad, Maharshi Pippalada describes the self as Purusha with sixteen parts. The activities of a Purusha are explained<blockquote>एष हि द्रष्टा स्प्रष्टा श्रोता घ्राता रसयिता मन्ता बोद्धा कर्ता विज्ञानात्मा पुरुषः । स परेऽक्षर आत्मनि सम्प्रतिष्ठते ॥ ४.९॥ (Pras. Upan. 4.9)</blockquote>Verily this seer (द्रष्टा । one who sees), toucher (स्प्रष्टा), hearer (श्रोता), the smeller (घ्राता), the taster (रसयिता), the thinker (मन्ता), the knower (बोद्धा), the doer (कर्ता), the conscious self (विज्ञानात्मा), this person (पुरुषः - here refers to the instantiation of Jiva) - becomes established in the imperishable Supreme Self (the Brahman or Paramatman) (4.9).<ref>K. L. Joshi, O. N. Bimali, and Bindiya Trivedi, eds, ''112 Upanishads, Sanskrit text, English translation, An exhaustive Introduction and Index of verses''. Delhi: Parimal Publications (2016). p 43.</ref>
Here the qualities of Purusha may be looked at two levels - the individual level of instantiation (Jiva) and the cosmic level of creator Parabrahman (Hiranyagarbha, Ishvara etc).
It is commonly discussed in Vedanta, Ayurveda and Yoga that the Jiva is credited with<ref name=":4" />
It is commonly discussed in Vedanta, Ayurveda and Yoga that the Jiva is credited with<ref name=":4" />