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Grhyasutras (गृह्यसूत्राणि) (view source)

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→‎पाकयज्ञाः ॥ Pakayajnas
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Special attention is given to kamyakarmas done for fulfillment of certain desires, such as desire for prosperity of cattle, achievement of glory, gaining favour of certain people, appease an angry person, and desire to become a king.   
 
Special attention is given to kamyakarmas done for fulfillment of certain desires, such as desire for prosperity of cattle, achievement of glory, gaining favour of certain people, appease an angry person, and desire to become a king.   
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== गृह्यकर्माणि Grhyakarmas ==
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== गृह्यकर्माणि ॥ Grhyakarmas ==
 
While the Shrauta sutras are based on the Shrutis, the Grhyasutras are said to rest on the Smrti texts, thus these grhya-karmani are said to be "Smartha" karmas. The authors of the Grhyasutras treat the subject matter of "grhya" very specifically denoted by their typical expressions such as those of   
 
While the Shrauta sutras are based on the Shrutis, the Grhyasutras are said to rest on the Smrti texts, thus these grhya-karmani are said to be "Smartha" karmas. The authors of the Grhyasutras treat the subject matter of "grhya" very specifically denoted by their typical expressions such as those of   
 
* Ashvalayana starts with उक्तानि वैतानिकानि गृह्याणि वक्ष्यामः १<ref>Ashvalayana Grhyasutras ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Full Text])</ref> meaning "the grhyani as distinguished from the vaitanikani (shrauta) are said"  
 
* Ashvalayana starts with उक्तानि वैतानिकानि गृह्याणि वक्ष्यामः १<ref>Ashvalayana Grhyasutras ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Full Text])</ref> meaning "the grhyani as distinguished from the vaitanikani (shrauta) are said"  
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=== List of Grhyakarmani ===
 
=== List of Grhyakarmani ===
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Grhyakarmas are described elaborately in a the sutras but with a varied terminology from across sutras. In this section an attempt has been made to put together a list of Grhyakarmas and a brief description of the equivalent terms from various grhyasutras where possible. Some of these activities are described as periodical as well as special yajnas both in grhya and shrauta sutras. The broad categories include Samskaras, Panchamahayajnas, Pakayajnas which constitute a whole set of yajnas and Agriculture related rites.  
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Grhyakarmas are described elaborately in a the sutras but with a varied terminology from across sutras. In this section an attempt has been made to put together a list of Grhyakarmas and a brief description of the equivalent terms from various grhyasutras where possible. Some of these activities are described as periodical as well as special yajnas both in grhya and shrauta sutras. The broad categories include Samskaras, Panchamahayajnas, Pakayajnas which constitute a whole set of yajnas, Grhapravesa and other house related rites, Agricultural operations including cattle related rites and finally Prayaschittas.  
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==== Samskaras ====
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==== [[Samskaras (संस्काराः)|संस्काराः ॥ Samskaras]] ====
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Gautama Dharmasutras gives a comprehensive list of 40 samskaras which include the Pakayajnas, Haviryajnas and Somayajnas apart from the rites performed from before conception to the death of an individual. However in the present days the norm is to consider only sixteen samskaras pertaining to the individual under this heading. They are
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In most of the Sutras the term Samskara generally signifies a subsidiary act of purification performed at Shrauta or Grhyakarmas. Most of them represent Upanayana by the word Samskara. Further the term was gradually extended to include all domestic rites. Gautama Dharmasutras gives a comprehensive list of 40 samskaras which include the Pakayajnas, Haviryajnas and Somayajnas apart from the rites performed from before conception to the death of an individual. However in the present days the norm is to consider only the body related samskaras pertaining to the individual under this heading. They are according to Gautama
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: गर्भाधानपुंसवनसीमन्तो-न्नयनजातकर्म-नामकरणान्नप्राशन-चौड़ोपनयनम् । चत्वारि
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: वेदव्रतानि स्नानं सहधर्मचारिणीसंयोगः...
 
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|style=width: 600px; font-style: normal;|
 
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|style=width: 600px; font-style: normal;|
 
* [[Garbhadhanam (गर्भाधानम्)|Garbhadhanam (गर्भाधानम्)]]  
 
* [[Garbhadhanam (गर्भाधानम्)|Garbhadhanam (गर्भाधानम्)]]  
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* [[Vivaha (विवाहः)|Vivaha (विवाहः)]]
 
* [[Vivaha (विवाहः)|Vivaha (विवाहः)]]
 
* [[Antyesti (अन्त्येष्टिः)|Antyesti (अन्त्येष्टिः)]]
 
* [[Antyesti (अन्त्येष्टिः)|Antyesti (अन्त्येष्टिः)]]
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}}A few of these such as Jatakarma comprise of a number of subsidiary acts; important of them are Ayusha-homa, Prashana, Asmaabhimarshana, Medha-janana, and Stana-pradana. The sutras describe the establishment of Sutikagni, a fire kindled and maintained by the father near the southern side of the door in the chamber of the mother and newborn child. Other minor samskaras like Pravasagamana, Aditya and Chandradarshana, Nishkramanika, Karnavedhana for the newborn child are also described in the grhyasutras.
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}}  
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A few of these such as Jatakarma comprise of a number of subsidiary acts; important of them are Ayusha-homa, Prashana, Asmaabhimarshana, Medha-janana, and Stana-pradana. The sutras describe the establishment of Sutikagni, a fire kindled and maintained by the father near the southern side of the door in the chamber of the mother and newborn child. Other minor samskaras like Pravasagamana, Aditya and Chandradarshana, Nishkramanika, Karnavedhana for the newborn child are also described in the grhyasutras.
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==== [[Panchamahayajnas (पञ्चमहायज्ञाः)|पञ्चमहायज्ञाः॥ Panchamahayajnas]] ====
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These include the five mahayajnas, which are the obligatory nityakarmas of a grhastha. They are the daily rites which have been instituted to remove the papa accrued due to the five household activities.
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{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|style=width: 600px; font-style: normal;|
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* [[Deva Yajna (देवयज्ञः)|Deva Yajna (देवयज्ञः)]]
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* [[Pitru Yajna (पितृयज्ञः) |Pitru Yajna (पितृयज्ञः)]]
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* [[Bhuta Yajna (भूतयज्ञः)|Bhuta Yajna (भूतयज्ञः)]]
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* [[Brahma Yajna (ब्रह्मयज्ञ:)|Brahma Yajna (ब्रह्मयज्ञ:)]]
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* [[Nru Yajna (नृयज्ञः)|Nru Yajna (नृयज्ञः)]]}}
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==== [[Pakayajnas (पाकयज्ञाः)|पाकयज्ञाः ॥ Pakayajnas]] ====
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Now, while Gautama included these yajnas as part of samskaras, these yajnas are gradually fading away with very few people actively conducting them in the present society. Except for the Shraddha related yajnas the rest are rarely seen. Additionally the differences seen in the vidhis as per the veda shakas are not handed down to future generations.
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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|1
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|औपासनहोमः ॥ Aupanasa homa
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|हुतः ॥ Huta
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|अष्टका ॥ Ashtaka
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|-
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|2
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|वैश्वदेवम् ॥ Vaisvedeva
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|प्रहुतः ॥ Prahuta
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|पार्वणम् ॥ Paarvana
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|-
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|3
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|पार्वणम् ॥ Paarvana
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|आहुतः ॥ Ahuta
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|श्राद्धम् ॥ Shraddham
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|-
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|4
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|अष्टका ॥ Ashtaka
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|शूलगवः ॥ Shulagava
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|श्रावणी ॥ Shravani
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|-
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|5
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|मासिश्राद्धम् ॥ Masishraddham
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|बलिहरणम् ॥ Baliharana
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|आग्रहायणी ॥ Aagrahayani
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|-
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|6
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|सर्पबलिः ॥ Sarpabali
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|प्रत्यवरोहण ॥ Pratyavarohana
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|चैत्र्यी ॥ Chaitri
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|-
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|7
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|ईशानबलिः ॥ Ishanabali
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|अष्टकाहोमः ॥ Ashtaka homa
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|आश्वयुजी ॥ Asvayuji
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|}
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==== Agriculture and Cattle Related Yajnas ====
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In the age of the sutra literature, a greater part of the people earned their livelihood by agriculture and cattle breeding. This is amply reflected in the rites connected to agriculture, krshaka, varsha and pashusampada were highly respected for they provide food to all beings. All aspects of agriculture find mention in these texts, namely, the earth, ploughs, start and end of the agricultural activities, implements, barns and storage, furrowing, sowing, reaping and thrashing of grains, cattle, birds and moles, deities of the rains, winds, and nakshatras. A few related yajnas were<ref name=":0" />
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* Bali (बलिः) to the earth and skies
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* Halabhiyoga (हलाभियोगः) a ceremony of yolking the plough
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* Sita Yajna (सीतायज्ञः) involved offerings at the time of furrowing
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* Pravapana was done at the time of sowing
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* Pralavana at the time of reaping the crop
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* Khala yajna was at the time of threshing
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* Prayayana was at the time of putting the corn into the barns
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* Offerings to Akhuraja (the moles)
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* Agrayana (आग्रयाणम्) or Nava-yajna is the offering of first fruits of the season in Tretagni or Grhyagni
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* Vrshotsarga was done to let loose a stud-bull for the purpose of breeding
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* Shulagava (one of the Pakayajnas) is performed by offering of an ox to Rudra for attaining good cattle progeny, sons and fulfillment of all desires.
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==== [[Prayaschitta|Prayaschittas]] ====
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==== Other Grhyakarmas ====
    
== Shrauta and Grhyasutras ==
 
== Shrauta and Grhyasutras ==
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Grhyasutras discuss about yajnas to be performed in domestic situations for short time periods, unlike the great yajnas like Asvamedha and Sattra yagas which are performed over a long time. They differ from the Shrauta yajnas in many ways.  
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Grhyasutras discuss about yajnas to be performed in domestic situations for short time periods, unlike the great yajnas like Asvamedha and Sattra yagas which are performed over a long time. Here we summarize how they differ from the Shrauta yajnas in many ways.  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+Differences between Shrauta and Grhya Karmas
 
|+Differences between Shrauta and Grhya Karmas
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