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<blockquote>नाप्याराध्यत्वेन ज्ञानं स पूजानमस्काराद्याराधनास्वननुगमात् । ''nāpyārādhyatvena jñānaṁ sa pūjānamaskārādyārādhanāsvananugamāt ।''</blockquote>

<blockquote>नाप्याराध्यत्वेन ज्ञानं स पूजानमस्काराद्याराधनास्वननुगमात् । ''nāpyārādhyatvena jñānaṁ sa pūjānamaskārādyārādhanāsvananugamāt ।''</blockquote>

* It cannot be said that devotion is the knowledge of Him as the object of worship, accompanied with attachment, etc.; for then it would be reduced to attachment itself.  

* It cannot be said that devotion is the knowledge of Him as the object of worship, accompanied with attachment, etc.; for then it would be reduced to attachment itself.  

<blockquote>अनुरागादिसहिताराध्यत्वज्ञानमिति चेत् अनुराग एवास्तु | ''anurāgādisahitārādhyatvajñānamiti cet anurāga evāstu |''</blockquote>Hence, the Bhagavad Gita refers to the worship by those whose whole life and mind, etc. are consecrated to Him and not of those who merely know Him as an object of worship. <blockquote>मच्चित्ता मद्गतप्राणा बोधयन्तः परस्परम् । कथयन्तश्च मां नित्यं तुष्यन्ति च रमन्ति च ॥१०- ९॥</blockquote><blockquote>तेषां सततयुक्तानां भजतां प्रीतिपूर्वकम् । ददामि बुद्धियोगं तं येन मामुपयान्ति ते ॥१०- १०॥<ref>Bhagavad Gita, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83 Chapter 10 (Vibhuti Yoga)].</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''maccittā madgataprāṇā bodhayantaḥ parasparam । kathayantaśca māṁ nityaṁ tuṣyanti ca ramanti ca ॥10- 9॥''</blockquote><blockquote>''teṣāṁ satatayuktānāṁ bhajatāṁ prītipūrvakam । dadāmi buddhiyogaṁ taṁ yena māmupayānti te ॥10- 10॥''</blockquote>Meaning: With their minds centered on Me, with their senses absorbed in Me, enlightening each other, ever conversing on Me, they are satiated and live happily. On them, ever steadfast and serving Me with affection, I bestow yoga and the sense of discrimination (wisdom) by which they come to Me (10.9-10).

<blockquote>अनुरागादिसहिताराध्यत्वज्ञानमिति चेत् अनुराग एवास्तु | ''anurāgādisahitārādhyatvajñānamiti cet anurāga evāstu |''</blockquote>Hence, the Bhagavad Gita refers to the worship by those whose whole life and mind, etc. are consecrated to Him and not of those who merely know Him as an object of worship. <blockquote>मच्चित्ता मद्गतप्राणा बोधयन्तः परस्परम् । कथयन्तश्च मां नित्यं तुष्यन्ति च रमन्ति च ॥१०- ९॥</blockquote><blockquote>तेषां सततयुक्तानां भजतां प्रीतिपूर्वकम् । ददामि बुद्धियोगं तं येन मामुपयान्ति ते ॥१०- १०॥<ref>Bhagavad Gita, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83 Chapter 10 (Vibhuti Yoga)].</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''maccittā madgataprāṇā bodhayantaḥ parasparam । kathayantaśca māṁ nityaṁ tuṣyanti ca ramanti ca ॥10- 9॥''</blockquote><blockquote>''teṣāṁ satatayuktānāṁ bhajatāṁ prītipūrvakam । dadāmi buddhiyogaṁ taṁ yena māmupayānti te ॥10- 10॥''</blockquote>Meaning: With their minds centered on Me, with their senses absorbed in Me, enlightening each other, ever conversing on Me, they are satiated and live happily. On them, ever steadfast and serving Me with affection, I bestow yoga and the sense of discrimination (wisdom) by which they come to Me.

The commentator further exemplifies this with the bhakti of the gopis. He says,<blockquote>अत एव च कृष्णस्य कमनीयाकृतिदर्शनेनानुरक्तानां गोपतरुणीनामपि भक्तिफलं मुक्तिः स्मर्यते ।</blockquote><blockquote>''ata eva ca kr̥ṣṇasya kamanīyākr̥tidarśanenānuraktānāṁ gopataruṇīnāmapi bhaktiphalaṁ muktiḥ smaryate ।''</blockquote>Meaning: That is why the fruit of the bhakti of the milk-maids was mukti, though they became attached to Sri Krishna by the sight of his graceful form.  

The commentator further exemplifies this with the bhakti of the gopis. He says,<blockquote>अत एव च कृष्णस्य कमनीयाकृतिदर्शनेनानुरक्तानां गोपतरुणीनामपि भक्तिफलं मुक्तिः स्मर्यते ।</blockquote><blockquote>''ata eva ca kr̥ṣṇasya kamanīyākr̥tidarśanenānuraktānāṁ gopataruṇīnāmapi bhaktiphalaṁ muktiḥ smaryate ।''</blockquote>Meaning: That is why the fruit of the bhakti of the milk-maids was mukti, though they became attached to Sri Krishna by the sight of his graceful form.  

Regarding Him as existing in all beings as Prahlada expresses in the Vishnu Purana that 'the sages, having known that Hari exists in all beings, must thus cherish unwavering love towards all beings.<blockquote>एवं सर्वेषु भूतेषु भक्तिरव्यभिचारिणी । कर्तव्या पण्डितैर्ज्ञात्वा सर्वभूतमयं हरिम् ||१.१९.९॥<ref>Vishnu Purana, Amsha 1, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF Adhyaya 19]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''evaṁ sarveṣu bhūteṣu bhaktiravyabhicāriṇī । kartavyā paṇḍitairjñātvā sarvabhūtamayaṁ harim ||1.19.9॥''</blockquote>

Regarding Him as existing in all beings as Prahlada expresses in the Vishnu Purana that 'the sages, having known that Hari exists in all beings, must thus cherish unwavering love towards all beings.<blockquote>एवं सर्वेषु भूतेषु भक्तिरव्यभिचारिणी । कर्तव्या पण्डितैर्ज्ञात्वा सर्वभूतमयं हरिम् ||१.१९.९॥<ref>Vishnu Purana, Amsha 1, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF Adhyaya 19]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''evaṁ sarveṣu bhūteṣu bhaktiravyabhicāriṇī । kartavyā paṇḍitairjñātvā sarvabhūtamayaṁ harim ||1.19.9॥''</blockquote>

* '''तस्मिन्नप्रातिकूल्यं यथा भीष्मस्य | ''tasminnaprātikūlyaṁ yathā bhīṣmasya'''''  

* '''तस्मिन्नप्रातिकूल्यं यथा भीष्मस्य | ''tasminnaprātikūlyaṁ yathā bhīṣmasya'''''  

Not resisting His will like Bhishma in the Mahabharata. Even when the Lord was advancing towards him, to kill him, he said, 'Come ! O Lord of the deities ! Come, O refuge of this world ! Obeisance to you. Armed with Your bow, mace and sword, put an end to my life, by forcibly drawing me down from the chariot, in this vast and fierce war.<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>एह्येहि देवेश जगन्निवास नमोऽस्तु ते शार्ङ्गगदासिपाणे । प्रसह्य मां पातय लोकनाथ। रथादुदग्राद्भुतशौर्यसङ्ख्ये ||५९.९६.९६॥<ref>Mahabharata, Bhishma Parva, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D-06-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5-059 Adhyaya 59]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''ehyehi deveśa jagannivāsa namo'stu te śārṅgagadāsipāṇe । prasahya māṁ pātaya lokanātha। rathādudagrādbhutaśauryasaṅkhye ||59.96.96॥''</blockquote>In fact, the commentator Svapneshvara further states that by the word '''ādi''<nowiki/>' (etc.), the actions of Uddhava, Akrura etc. must also be taken into account.  

Not resisting His will like Bhishma in the Mahabharata. Even when the Lord was advancing towards him, to kill him, he said, 'Come ! O Lord of the deities ! Come, O refuge of this world ! Obeisance to you. Armed with Your bow, mace and sword, put an end to my life, by forcibly drawing me down from the chariot, in this vast and fierce war.<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>एह्येहि देवेश जगन्निवास नमोऽस्तु ते शार्ङ्गगदासिपाणे । प्रसह्य मां पातय लोकनाथ। रथादुदग्राद्भुतशौर्यसङ्ख्ये ||५९.९६.९६॥<ref>Mahabharata, Bhishma Parva, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D-06-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5-059 Adhyaya 59]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''ehyehi deveśa jagannivāsa namo'stu te śārṅgagadāsipāṇe । prasahya māṁ pātaya lokanātha। rathādudagrādbhutaśauryasaṅkhye ||59.96.96॥''</blockquote>In fact, the commentator Svapneshvara further states that by the word '''ādi''<nowiki/>' (etc.), the actions of Uddhava, Akrura etc. must also be taken into account.

== पराभक्तिः अपराभक्तिश्च ॥ Para Bhakti and Apara Bhakti ==

== पराभक्तिः अपराभक्तिश्च ॥ Para Bhakti and Apara Bhakti ==