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| == परिचयः ॥ Introduction == | | == परिचयः ॥ Introduction == |
− | Dharma Adhyayana is the need of the hour. This initiative is imperative for the following and many more reasons: | + | Dharma Adhyayana (धर्माध्ययनम्) is the need of the hour. It is said that, <blockquote>आहार-निद्रा-भय-मैथुनं च समानमेतत्पशुभिर्नराणाम् । धर्मो हि तेषामधिको विशेषो धर्मेण हीनाः पशुभिः समानाः ॥</blockquote><blockquote>''āhāra-nidrā-bhaya-maithunaṁ ca samānametatpaśubhirnarāṇām । dharmo hi teṣāmadhiko viśeṣo dharmeṇa hīnāḥ paśubhiḥ samānāḥ ॥''</blockquote>Therefore, an initiative towards Dharma Adhyayana is imperative for the following and many more reasons: |
− | # Establishment of Dharma in every facet of the society. | + | # Dharma Samvada : Establishment of Dharma in every facet of the society. |
| # Creating a mass of people with a good understanding of Dharma. | | # Creating a mass of people with a good understanding of Dharma. |
| # Establishment of teachings in [[Acharana Dharma (आचरणधर्मः)|Dharma Acharana]]. | | # Establishment of teachings in [[Acharana Dharma (आचरणधर्मः)|Dharma Acharana]]. |
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| * Developing a sense of social cognition. So that, no action goes against the well-being of the society as a whole. And this requires collective adherence to the following dharma by the society as quoted by Manu.: | | * Developing a sense of social cognition. So that, no action goes against the well-being of the society as a whole. And this requires collective adherence to the following dharma by the society as quoted by Manu.: |
| <blockquote>अहिंसा सत्यं अस्तेयं शौचं इन्द्रियनिग्रहः । एतं सामासिकं धर्मं चातुर्वर्ण्येऽब्रवीन्मनुः । । १०.६३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>''ahiṁsā satyaṁ asteyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ ।etaṁ sāmāsikaṁ dharmaṁ cāturvarṇye'bravīnmanuḥ । । 10.63 । ।''</blockquote>Meaning: Abstention from injuring, truthfulness, abstention from unlawful appropriation, purity and control of the sense-organs,—this Manu has declared to be the sum and substance of duty for the four varnas.<ref name=":1" /> | | <blockquote>अहिंसा सत्यं अस्तेयं शौचं इन्द्रियनिग्रहः । एतं सामासिकं धर्मं चातुर्वर्ण्येऽब्रवीन्मनुः । । १०.६३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>''ahiṁsā satyaṁ asteyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ ।etaṁ sāmāsikaṁ dharmaṁ cāturvarṇye'bravīnmanuḥ । । 10.63 । ।''</blockquote>Meaning: Abstention from injuring, truthfulness, abstention from unlawful appropriation, purity and control of the sense-organs,—this Manu has declared to be the sum and substance of duty for the four varnas.<ref name=":1" /> |
− | * Revelation of the 10 lakshanas of dharma as given in Manusmrti.:<blockquote>धृतिः क्षमा दमोऽस्तेयं शौचं इन्द्रियनिग्रहः । धीर्विद्या सत्यं अक्रोधो दशकं धर्मलक्षणम् । । ६.९२ । ।<ref name=":3" /></blockquote><blockquote>''dhr̥tiḥ kṣamā damo'steyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ । dhīrvidyā satyaṁ akrodho daśakaṁ dharmalakṣaṇam । । 6.92 । ।''</blockquote>Meaning: Steadiness, Forgiveness, Self-control, Abstention from unrighteous appropriation, Purity, Control of the Sense-organs, Discrimination, Knowledge, Truthfulness, and Absence of anger — these are the ten-fold forms of duty.<ref name=":4" /> | + | |
− | * Understanding [[Abhyudaya (अभ्युदयः)|Abhyudaya]] and [[Nihshreyasa (निःश्रेयसम्)|Nishreyasa]]. | + | The Kshatriyas are given the responsibility of protection, Vaishyas take care of nourishment while brahmanas facilitate teaching. |
| + | * Revelation of the 10 lakshanas of dharma as given in Manusmrti.:<blockquote>धृतिः क्षमा दमोऽस्तेयं शौचं इन्द्रियनिग्रहः । धीर्विद्या सत्यं अक्रोधो दशकं धर्मलक्षणम् । । ६.९२ । ।<ref name=":3" /></blockquote><blockquote>''dhr̥tiḥ kṣamā damo'steyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ । dhīrvidyā satyaṁ akrodho daśakaṁ dharmalakṣaṇam । । 6.92 । ।''</blockquote>Meaning: Steadiness (refers to a stable behaviour even in extreme situations), Forgiveness, Self-control, Abstention from unrighteous appropriation, Purity (internal and outwardly), Control of the Sense-organs, Discrimination (sat-asat-viveka), Knowledge (the art of using all knowledge in a beneficial way), Truthfulness, and Absence of anger (in thought, word and deed)— these are the ten-fold forms of duty.<ref name=":4" /> |
| + | *Making Dharma an instrument for establishing a realation with the supreme reality and attaining the goals of life which may be individualistic and social in nature. Therefore, a feeling of family towards the entire humanity is essential. |
| + | Understanding the different facets of Dharma: |
| + | * Understanding [[Abhyudaya (अभ्युदयः)|Abhyudaya]] (for which adherence to trivarga, that is, dharma, artha and kama is essential) and [[Nihshreyasa (निःश्रेयसम्)|Nishreyasa]]. |
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| * Understanding the Dharma Adhishthanatva (धर्माधिष्ठानत्वम्) of other Purusharthas like Artha (अर्थः) and Kama (कामः) | | * Understanding the Dharma Adhishthanatva (धर्माधिष्ठानत्वम्) of other Purusharthas like Artha (अर्थः) and Kama (कामः) |
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− | * Understanding dharma as Nyaya as well as law. | + | * Understanding dharma as Nyaya as well as law. For, it was seen that, |
| + | <blockquote>न राज्यं न राजाऽसीन्न दण्डयो न च दाण्डिक: |</blockquote><blockquote>धर्मेणैव प्रजास्सर्वा रक्षन्ति स्म परस्परम् ||</blockquote><blockquote>''na rājyaṁ na rājā'sīnna daṇḍayo na ca dāṇḍika: |''</blockquote><blockquote>''dharmeṇaiva prajāssarvā rakṣanti sma parasparam ||''</blockquote> |
| + | * Understanding the provision of Apaddharma. That is, the freedom to act different from the prescribed code of conduct during exigencies keeping the place and time in mind |
| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| !Age group | | !Age group |