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Shraddha Traya Vibhaga Yoga (श्रद्धात्रयविभागयोगः) (view source)

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→‎त्रिविधः विन्यासः ॥ Threefold Typology: Adding content with reference - to be edited
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karṣayantaḥ śarīrasthaṁ bhūtagrāmamacetasaḥ । māṁ caivāntaḥśarīrasthaṁ tānviddhyāsuraniścayān ॥17.6॥</blockquote>Meaning: People who subject themselves to severe austerities and penances not recommended in the scriptures, perform them out of pride and egoism being impelled by the force of lust and attachment, who are foolish, they not only torture the material elements of the body but also the Supreme being dwelling within. And they are to be known as Asuras.<ref name=":5" />  
 
karṣayantaḥ śarīrasthaṁ bhūtagrāmamacetasaḥ । māṁ caivāntaḥśarīrasthaṁ tānviddhyāsuraniścayān ॥17.6॥</blockquote>Meaning: People who subject themselves to severe austerities and penances not recommended in the scriptures, perform them out of pride and egoism being impelled by the force of lust and attachment, who are foolish, they not only torture the material elements of the body but also the Supreme being dwelling within. And they are to be known as Asuras.<ref name=":5" />  
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== त्रिविधः विन्यासः ॥ Threefold Typology ==
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== त्रिविधः विन्यासः ॥ Threefold Typology<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> ==
 
It has already been indicated that one's Shraddha and inherent qualities play a determining role in one's choices. Since the nature of individuals is threefold ie. Sattvika, Rajasika and Tamasika, their consequent choices are also conceived as threefold in nature. The Bhagavad Gita states that even the food that is dear to all is of three kinds (based on the threefold nature of beings) and the same is true in the case of Yajna, Tapa and Dana as well.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> <blockquote>आहारस्त्वपि सर्वस्य त्रिविधो भवति प्रियः । यज्ञस्तपस्तथा दानं तेषां भेदमिमं शृणु ॥१७.७॥<ref name=":0" />
 
It has already been indicated that one's Shraddha and inherent qualities play a determining role in one's choices. Since the nature of individuals is threefold ie. Sattvika, Rajasika and Tamasika, their consequent choices are also conceived as threefold in nature. The Bhagavad Gita states that even the food that is dear to all is of three kinds (based on the threefold nature of beings) and the same is true in the case of Yajna, Tapa and Dana as well.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> <blockquote>आहारस्त्वपि सर्वस्य त्रिविधो भवति प्रियः । यज्ञस्तपस्तथा दानं तेषां भेदमिमं शृणु ॥१७.७॥<ref name=":0" />
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=== आहारः ॥ Ahara ===
 
=== आहारः ॥ Ahara ===
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|आयुःसत्त्वबलारोग्यसुखप्रीतिविवर्धनाः । रस्याः स्निग्धाः स्थिरा हृद्या आहाराः सात्त्विकप्रियाः ॥१७.८॥
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Food preferred by people characterised by the predominence of sattva, rajas or tamas in their nature are enumerated in verses 17.8-17.10 of the Bhagavad Gita. 
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Foods dear to those in the mode of goodness increase the duration of life, purify one's existence and give strength, health, happiness and satisfaction. Such foods are juicy, fatty, wholesome and pleasing to the heart.<ref name=":5" />
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|Food favoured by people endowed with sattva pomotes
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* longevity
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* vitality (mental vigour)
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* strength
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* health
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* happiness  
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* satisfaction  
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Such (Sattvika) foods are  
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* Juicy
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* Contain fat
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* Wholesome (whose essence nourishes the body for a long time)
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* Pleasing to the heart
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|कट्‌वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः । आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः ॥१७.९॥
 
|कट्‌वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः । आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः ॥१७.९॥
 
Foods that are too bitter, too sour, salty, hot, punget, dry and burning are dear to those in the modes of passion. Such foods cause distress, misery and disease.<ref name=":5" />
 
Foods that are too bitter, too sour, salty, hot, punget, dry and burning are dear to those in the modes of passion. Such foods cause distress, misery and disease.<ref name=":5" />
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Food that is excessively bitter, sour, salty, hot, acrid, dry and burnng is liked by people endowed with Rajas. It causes pain (at the time the food is eaten), grief (the after-effect in the form of mental distress) and disease.
 
|यातयामं गतरसं पूति पर्युषितं च यत् । उच्छिष्टमपि चामेध्यं भोजनं तामसप्रियम् ॥१७.१०॥
 
|यातयामं गतरसं पूति पर्युषितं च यत् । उच्छिष्टमपि चामेध्यं भोजनं तामसप्रियम् ॥१७.१०॥
 
Food prepared more than three hours before being eaten, food that is tasteless, decomposed and putrid and food consisting of remnants and untouchable things is dear to those in the mode of darkness.<ref name=":5" />
 
Food prepared more than three hours before being eaten, food that is tasteless, decomposed and putrid and food consisting of remnants and untouchable things is dear to those in the mode of darkness.<ref name=":5" />
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=== दानम् ॥ Dana ===
 
=== दानम् ॥ Dana ===
 
|दातव्यमिति यद्दानं दीयतेऽनुपकारिणे । देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम् ॥१७.२०॥
 
|दातव्यमिति यद्दानं दीयतेऽनुपकारिणे । देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम् ॥१७.२०॥
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Charity given out of duty, without expectation of return, at the proper time and place, and to a worthy person is considered to be in the mode of goodness.
 
|यत्तु प्रत्युपकारार्थं फलमुद्दिश्य वा पुनः । दीयते च परिक्लिष्टं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥१७.२१॥
 
|यत्तु प्रत्युपकारार्थं फलमुद्दिश्य वा पुनः । दीयते च परिक्लिष्टं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥१७.२१॥
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But charity performed with the expectation of some return or with a desire for fruitive results or in a gruding mood is said to be charity in the mode of passion.
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|अदेशकाले यद्दानमपात्रेभ्यश्च दीयते । असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥१७.२२॥
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And charity performed at an impure place, at an improper time, to unworthy persons or withour proper attention and respect is said to be in the mode of ignorance.
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|}
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=== श्लोकाः ॥ Verses ===
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The verses from 17.8-17.22 that enumerate the above mentioned threefold characteristics of Ahara, Yajna, Tapa and Dana in correspondence to the predominent gunas ie. Sattva, Rajas and Tamas in individuals are enlisted below:
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{| class="wikitable"
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|+Ahara
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|Sattvika
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|आयुःसत्त्वबलारोग्यसुखप्रीतिविवर्धनाः । रस्याः स्निग्धाः स्थिरा हृद्या आहाराः सात्त्विकप्रियाः ॥१७.८॥
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|āyuḥsattvabalārogyasukhaprītivivardhanāḥ । rasyāḥ snigdhāḥ sthirā hr̥dyā āhārāḥ sāttvikapriyāḥ ॥17.8॥
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|-
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|Rajasika
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|कट्‌वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः । आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः ॥१७.९॥
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|kaṭ‌vamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ । āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ ॥17.9॥
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|-
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|Tamasika
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|यातयामं गतरसं पूति पर्युषितं च यत् । उच्छिष्टमपि चामेध्यं भोजनं तामसप्रियम् ॥१७.१०॥
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|yātayāmaṁ gatarasaṁ pūti paryuṣitaṁ ca yat । ucchiṣṭamapi cāmedhyaṁ bhojanaṁ tāmasapriyam ॥17.10॥
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|}
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{| class="wikitable"
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|+Yajna
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|Sattvika
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|अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्यज्ञो विधिदृष्टो य इज्यते । यष्टव्यमेवेति मनः समाधाय स सात्त्विकः ॥१७.११॥
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|aphalākāṅkṣibhiryajño vidhidr̥ṣṭo ya ijyate । yaṣṭavyameveti manaḥ samādhāya sa sāttvikaḥ ॥17.11॥
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|-
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|Rajasika
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|अभिसंधाय तु फलं दम्भार्थमपि चैव यत् । इज्यते भरतश्रेष्ठ तं यज्ञं विद्धि राजसम् ॥१७.१२॥
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|abhisaṁdhāya tu phalaṁ dambhārthamapi caiva yat । ijyate bharataśreṣṭha taṁ yajñaṁ viddhi rājasam ॥17.12॥
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|-
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|Tamasika
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|विधिहीनमसृष्टान्नं मन्त्रहीनमदक्षिणम् । श्रद्धाविरहितं यज्ञं तामसं परिचक्षते ॥१७.१३॥
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|vidhihīnamasr̥ṣṭānnaṁ mantrahīnamadakṣiṇam । śraddhāvirahitaṁ yajñaṁ tāmasaṁ paricakṣate ॥17.13॥
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|}
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{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+Tapa
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|Sattvika
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देवद्विजगुरुप्राज्ञपूजनं शौचमार्जवम् । ब्रह्मचर्यमहिंसा च शारीरं तप उच्यते ॥१७.१४॥
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devadvijaguruprājñapūjanaṁ śaucamārjavam । brahmacaryamahiṁsā ca śārīraṁ tapa ucyate ॥17.14॥
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|श्रद्धया परया तप्तं तपस्तत्त्रिविधं नरैः । अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्युक्तैः सात्त्विकं परिचक्षते ॥१७.१७॥
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|śraddhayā parayā taptaṁ tapastattrividhaṁ naraiḥ । aphalākāṅkṣibhiryuktaiḥ sāttvikaṁ paricakṣate ॥17.17॥
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|-
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|Rajasika
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अनुद्वेगकरं वाक्यं सत्यं प्रियहितं च यत् । स्वाध्यायाभ्यसनं चैव वाङ्मयं तप उच्यते ॥१७.१५॥
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anudvegakaraṁ vākyaṁ satyaṁ priyahitaṁ ca yat । svādhyāyābhyasanaṁ caiva vāṅmayaṁ tapa ucyate ॥17.15॥
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|सत्कारमानपूजार्थं तपो दम्भेन चैव यत् । क्रियते तदिह प्रोक्तं राजसं चलमध्रुवम् ॥१७.१८॥
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|satkāramānapūjārthaṁ tapo dambhena caiva yat । kriyate tadiha proktaṁ rājasaṁ calamadhruvam ॥17.18॥
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|-
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|Tamasika
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मनः प्रसादः सौम्यत्वं मौनमात्मविनिग्रहः । भावसंशुद्धिरित्येतत्तपो मानसमुच्यते ॥१७.१६॥
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 +
manaḥ prasādaḥ saumyatvaṁ maunamātmavinigrahaḥ । bhāvasaṁśuddhirityetattapo mānasamucyate ॥17.16॥
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|मूढग्राहेणात्मनो यत्पीडया क्रियते तपः । परस्योत्सादनार्थं वा तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥१७.१९॥
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|mūḍhagrāheṇātmano yatpīḍayā kriyate tapaḥ । parasyotsādanārthaṁ vā tattāmasamudāhr̥tam ॥17.19॥
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|}
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{| class="wikitable"
 +
|+Dana
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|Sattvika
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|दातव्यमिति यद्दानं दीयतेऽनुपकारिणे । देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम् ॥१७.२०॥
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|dātavyamiti yaddānaṁ dīyate'nupakāriṇe । deśe kāle ca pātre ca taddānaṁ sāttvikaṁ smr̥tam ॥17.20॥
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|-
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|Rajasika
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|यत्तु प्रत्युपकारार्थं फलमुद्दिश्य वा पुनः । दीयते च परिक्लिष्टं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥१७.२१॥
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|yattu pratyupakārārthaṁ phalamuddiśya vā punaḥ । dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṁ taddānaṁ rājasaṁ smr̥tam ॥17.21॥
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|-
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|Tamasika
 
|अदेशकाले यद्दानमपात्रेभ्यश्च दीयते । असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥१७.२२॥
 
|अदेशकाले यद्दानमपात्रेभ्यश्च दीयते । असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥१७.२२॥
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|adeśakāle yaddānamapātrebhyaśca dīyate । asatkr̥tamavajñātaṁ tattāmasamudāhr̥tam ॥17.22॥
 
|}
 
|}
 
And it is based on one’s shraddha and inherent qualities, that one chooses the kind of yajna, tapas and dana one performs.<ref name=":2" /> And as explained in the previous section of the article, one's choice of yajna, dana, tapa or karma depends on one's inherent qualities that are driven either by Sattva, Rajas or Tamas.
 
And it is based on one’s shraddha and inherent qualities, that one chooses the kind of yajna, tapas and dana one performs.<ref name=":2" /> And as explained in the previous section of the article, one's choice of yajna, dana, tapa or karma depends on one's inherent qualities that are driven either by Sattva, Rajas or Tamas.
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As is the kind of shraddha, so develops the nature of the person. Thus, in all things like [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|yajna]], worship, [[Dana (दानम्)|charity]], penance, etc., these qualities become expressed in accordance with the kind of shraddha in which the person concerned is based and they produce results in accordance with the quality of the doer’s shraddha.<ref name=":6" />
 
As is the kind of shraddha, so develops the nature of the person. Thus, in all things like [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|yajna]], worship, [[Dana (दानम्)|charity]], penance, etc., these qualities become expressed in accordance with the kind of shraddha in which the person concerned is based and they produce results in accordance with the quality of the doer’s shraddha.<ref name=":6" />
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== Om tat sat ==
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== Om tat sat ==
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ॐतत्सदिति निर्देशो ब्रह्मणस्त्रिविधः स्मृतः । ब्राह्मणास्तेन वेदाश्च यज्ञाश्च विहिताः पुरा ॥१७- २३॥
+
'''ॐतत्सदिति''' निर्देशो ब्रह्मणस्त्रिविधः स्मृतः । ब्राह्मणास्तेन वेदाश्च यज्ञाश्च विहिताः पुरा ॥१७- २३॥
    
तस्मादोमित्युदाहृत्य यज्ञदानतपःक्रियाः । प्रवर्तन्ते विधानोक्ताः सततं ब्रह्मवादिनाम् ॥१७- २४॥
 
तस्मादोमित्युदाहृत्य यज्ञदानतपःक्रियाः । प्रवर्तन्ते विधानोक्ताः सततं ब्रह्मवादिनाम् ॥१७- २४॥
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